muscular system hst i 2010 - 2011. structure and function the human body has more than 600 muscles...
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MUSCULAR MUSCULAR SYSTEMSYSTEM
HST I
2010 - 2011
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Structure and FunctionStructure and Function
The human body has more The human body has more than 600 muscles than 600 muscles
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Characteristics of MusclesCharacteristics of Muscles
ExcitabilityExcitability ContractibilityContractibility ExtensibilityExtensibility ElasticityElasticity
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ExcitabilityExcitability
Irritability, the ability to respond Irritability, the ability to respond to a stimulus such as a nerve to a stimulus such as a nerve impulseimpulse
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ContractibilityContractibility
Muscle fibers that are stimulated Muscle fibers that are stimulated by nerves by nerves contractcontract, or become , or become short and thick, which causes short and thick, which causes movementmovement
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ExtensibilityExtensibility
The ability to be stretchedThe ability to be stretched
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ElasticityElasticity
Allows the Allows the muscle to muscle to return to its return to its original shape original shape after it has after it has contracted or contracted or stretchedstretched
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Skeletal MuscleSkeletal Muscle
Makes up more than 40% of a Makes up more than 40% of a person’s body weightperson’s body weight
Looks striated, or banded, under the Looks striated, or banded, under the microscopemicroscope
Skeletal muscles have three parts Skeletal muscles have three parts Origin is one end of the muscle, Origin is one end of the muscle,
attached to the less movable part of attached to the less movable part of the bone the bone
Insertion is the other end of the Insertion is the other end of the muscle, attached to the more muscle, attached to the more movable part of the bone movable part of the bone
The action, or body, is the thickThe action, or body, is the thick middle part of the musclemiddle part of the muscle
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Skeletal Muscles (cont.)Skeletal Muscles (cont.)
Skeletal muscles Skeletal muscles attach to bones in attach to bones in different waysdifferent ways Tendons-strong Tendons-strong
tough, fibrous tough, fibrous connective- tissue connective- tissue cordscords
Fascia- a tough Fascia- a tough sheetlike membrane sheetlike membrane that covers and that covers and protects the tissueprotects the tissue
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Visceral Visceral MuscleMuscle
Lines various hollow organsLines various hollow organs Makes up the walls of blood Makes up the walls of blood
vesselsvessels Found in the tubes of the Found in the tubes of the
digestive systemdigestive system Smooth and has no striationsSmooth and has no striations Controlled by the autonomic Controlled by the autonomic
nervous system nervous system
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Cardiac MuscleCardiac Muscle
Found only in the Found only in the heartheart
Striated muscle Striated muscle Under involuntary Under involuntary
controlcontrol Has specialized Has specialized
cells that provide cells that provide a stimulus for a stimulus for contractioncontraction
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SternocleidomastoidSternocleidomastoid
Location: Side Location: Side of neckof neck
Function: Function: Turns and Turns and flexes headflexes head
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TrapeziusTrapezius
Location: Location: Upper back Upper back and neckand neck
Function: Function: Extends head, Extends head, moves moves shouldershoulder
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DeltoidDeltoid
Location: Location: ShoulderShoulder
Function: Function: Abducts arm, Abducts arm, injection siteinjection site
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Biceps brachiiBiceps brachii
Location: Location: Upper armUpper arm
Function: Function: Flexes lower Flexes lower arm and arm and supinates handsupinates hand
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Triceps brachiiTriceps brachii
Location: Location: Upper armUpper arm
Function: Function: Extends and Extends and adducts lower adducts lower armarm
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Pectoralis majorPectoralis major
Location: Location: Upper chestUpper chest
Function: Function: Adducts and Adducts and flexes upper flexes upper armarm
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IntercostalsIntercostals
Location: Location: Between ribsBetween ribs
Function: Function: Moves ribs for Moves ribs for breathingbreathing
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Rectus abdominusRectus abdominus
Location: Location: Ribs to pubis Ribs to pubis (pelvis)(pelvis)
Function: Function: Compresses Compresses abdomen abdomen and flexes and flexes vertebral vertebral columncolumn
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Latissimus dorsiLatissimus dorsi
Location: Location: Spine around Spine around to chestto chest
Function: Function: Extends and Extends and adducts adducts upper armupper arm
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Gluteus maximusGluteus maximus
Location: Location: ButtocksButtocks
Function: Function: Extends and Extends and rotates thigh, rotates thigh, injection siteinjection site
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SartoriusSartorius
Location: Front Location: Front of thighof thigh
Function: Function: Abducts thigh, Abducts thigh, flexes legflexes leg
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Quadriceps femorisQuadriceps femoris
Location: Location: Front of thighFront of thigh
Function: Function: Extends leg, Extends leg, injection siteinjection site
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Tibialis anteriorTibialis anterior
Location: Location: Front of lower Front of lower legleg
Function: Function: Flexes and Flexes and inverts footinverts foot
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GastrocnemiusGastrocnemius
Location: Back Location: Back of lower legof lower leg
Function: Function: Flexes and Flexes and supinates sole supinates sole of the footof the foot
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Basic Types of Muscle Basic Types of Muscle MovementMovement AdductionAdduction AbductionAbduction FlexionFlexion ExtensionExtension RotationRotation
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AdductionAdduction
Moving a body Moving a body part toward the part toward the midlinemidline
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AbductionAbduction
Moving a body Moving a body part away from part away from the midlinethe midline
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FlexionFlexion
Decreasing the Decreasing the angle between angle between two bones, or two bones, or bending a body bending a body partpart
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ExtensionExtension
Increasing the Increasing the angle between angle between two bones, or two bones, or straightening a straightening a body partbody part
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RotationRotation
Turning a body Turning a body part around its part around its own axis; for own axis; for example, example, turning the head turning the head from side to from side to side.side.
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CircumductionCircumduction
Moving in a circle Moving in a circle at a joint, or at a joint, or moving one end moving one end of a body part in a of a body part in a circle while the circle while the other end remains other end remains stationary, such stationary, such as swinging a arm as swinging a arm in a circlein a circle
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Body MechanicsBody Mechanics
Body Mechanics is the way in Body Mechanics is the way in which the body moves and which the body moves and maintains balance while making maintains balance while making the most efficient use of all its the most efficient use of all its body parts.body parts. To prevent injury to yourself and To prevent injury to yourself and
others while working in the health others while working in the health field, it is important to observe field, it is important to observe good body mechanicsgood body mechanics
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Four Main Reasons for Using Four Main Reasons for Using Good Body MechanicsGood Body Mechanics
Muscles work best when used Muscles work best when used correctly.correctly.
Correct use of muscles makes Correct use of muscles makes lifting, pulling and pushing lifting, pulling and pushing easiereasier
Prevents unnecessary fatigue, Prevents unnecessary fatigue, strain and saves energystrain and saves energy
Prevents injury to self and Prevents injury to self and othersothers
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Eight Basic Rules of Good Eight Basic Rules of Good Body MechanicsBody Mechanics
1)Maintain a broad base of support by 1)Maintain a broad base of support by keeping the feet 8-10 inches apartkeeping the feet 8-10 inches apart
2)Bend from the hips and knees to get 2)Bend from the hips and knees to get close to an object, and keep your close to an object, and keep your back straightback straight
3)Use the strongest muscles to do the 3)Use the strongest muscles to do the job (shoulders, upper arms, hips and job (shoulders, upper arms, hips and thighs)thighs)
4)Use the weight of your body to help 4)Use the weight of your body to help push or pull an object. Whenever push or pull an object. Whenever possible, push, slide, or pull rather possible, push, slide, or pull rather than liftthan lift
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Eight Basic Rules of Good Eight Basic Rules of Good Body MechanicsBody Mechanics
5)Carry heavy objects close to the 5)Carry heavy objects close to the bodybody
6)Avoid twisting your body as you 6)Avoid twisting your body as you work. Turn with your feet and entire work. Turn with your feet and entire body when you change direction of body when you change direction of movementmovement
7)Avoid bending for long periods7)Avoid bending for long periods
8)If a patient or object is too heavy for 8)If a patient or object is too heavy for you to lift alone, always get help you to lift alone, always get help
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