muscular anatomy overview of major muscles. ©thompson educational publishing, inc. 2003. all...
TRANSCRIPT
©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material.This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.
Neuromuscular JunctionNeuromuscular Junction
Sarcolemma
Axon
Receptor
Neurotransmitteracetylcholine (Ach)
Axon Terminal
Synaptic Cleft
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The Motor UnitThe Motor Unit
Dendrites
Neuron cell body
Muscle fibres
Neuromuscular junction
Terminal branches
Axon hillock
Myelin sheathNeurolemma
Motor neuron
Direction of action potential
Motor end plate
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The Anatomy of Skeletal MuscleThe Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle Muscle fibre looking outward:
Perimysium Binds muscle fibres together
Epimysium Sheath enveloping entire muscle
Muscle fibre looking inward: Endomysium
Sheath of connective tissue surrounding muscle fibre
Sarcolemma Contains cytoplasm (sarcoplasm)
Myofibrils Contain actin and myosin
Sarcomeres Contains myosin and actin
Perimysium
Muscle fibre
Epimysium
Endomysium
Muscle belly
Tendon
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Muscle FibreMuscle Fibre
Z lineSarcomere
Sarcoplasmic reticulumSarcolemma
Tendon
Thin filamentThick filament
Muscle belly
Muscle Fibre
Sarcomere
Epimysium Perimysium
Z line
Myofibril
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The Sliding Filament TheoryThe Sliding Filament Theory
Myosin crossbridges (small “bridges” on the thick filaments that extend to the thin filaments)
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The Sliding Filament TheoryThe Sliding Filament Theory
Myosin crossbridges Attach, rotate, detach, and re-attach in rapid succession
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The Sliding Filament TheoryThe Sliding Filament Theory
Myosin crossbridges Results in the sliding or overlap of the actin and myosin filaments Causes sarcomere to contract (muscle contraction)
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Muscles of the AbdomenMuscles of the Abdomen
Rectus abdominis
External oblique
Quadratus lumborum (deep)
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Clavicular head of pectoralis major
Sterncostal head of pectoralis major
Muscles of the ShoulderMuscles of the Shoulder
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Muscles of the Shoulder – cont’dMuscles of the Shoulder – cont’d
Latissimus dorsi
InfraspinatusInfraspinatus
Supraspinatus
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Muscles of the Rotator CuffMuscles of the Rotator Cuff
Supraspinatus
Teres minor
Infraspinatus
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Muscles of the Rotator Cuff – cont’dMuscles of the Rotator Cuff – cont’d
Subscapularis
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Levator scapulae
Rhomboid minor
Rhomboid major
Trapezius
Teres major
Muscles that Act on the ScapulaMuscles that Act on the Scapula
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Muscles that Act on the Scapula – cont’dMuscles that Act on the Scapula – cont’d
Teres major
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Muscles that Move the HumerusMuscles that Move the Humerus
Deltoid (anterior and lateral heads)
Coracobrachialis
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Muscles that Move the Humerus – cont’dMuscles that Move the Humerus – cont’d
Pectoralis minor
Coracobrachialis
Serratus anterior
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Elbow Flexors / Extensors – AnteriorElbow Flexors / Extensors – Anterior
Biceps brachii
Pronator teres
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
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Elbow Flexors / Extensors – PosteriorElbow Flexors / Extensors – Posterior
Triceps brachii (short head)
Triceps brachii (long head)
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Muscles of the Forearm – AnteriorMuscles of the Forearm – Anterior
Biceps brachii
Pronator teres
Brachioradialis
Pronator quadratus (deep)
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Muscles of the Forearm – PosteriorMuscles of the Forearm – Posterior
Brachioradialis
Triceps brachii (lateral head)
Anconeus
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Muscles of the Forearm – Posterior (deep)Muscles of the Forearm – Posterior (deep)
Supinator
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Extrinsic Hand Muscles – AnteriorExtrinsic Hand Muscles – Anterior
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnarisFlexor digitorum superficialis
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Extrinsic Hand Muscles – PosteriorExtrinsic Hand Muscles – Posterior
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor digitorumExtensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor digit minimi
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Muscles of the Hip – AnteriorMuscles of the Hip – Anterior
Psoas minor
Psoas major
Iliacus
Iliopsoas
Tensor fasciae latae
Pectineus
Sartorius
Gracilis
Rectus femoris
Iliotibial tract (band)
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Muscles of the Hip – PosteriorMuscles of the Hip – PosteriorGluteus medius
Gluteus minimusGluteus maximus (cut)
Gracilis
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Muscles of the Hip – Anterior (adductors)Muscles of the Hip – Anterior (adductors)
Pectineus (cut)
Adductor brevis
Adductor longus
Adductor magnus
Adductor group
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Muscles of the Thigh – AnteriorMuscles of the Thigh – Anterior
Rectus femorisVastus intermedius (underneath)
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Quadriceps femoris group
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Muscles of the Thigh – PosteriorMuscles of the Thigh – Posterior
Semitendinosus
Biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
Hamstring muscle group
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Extrinsic Foot Muscles – AnteriorExtrinsic Foot Muscles – Anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallucis longus
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Extrinsic Foot Muscles – PosteriorExtrinsic Foot Muscles – Posterior
Calcaneal tendon (Achilles tendon)
Gastrocnemius(medial and lateral heads)
Soleus
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Extrinsic Foot Muscles – Posterior (deep)Extrinsic Foot Muscles – Posterior (deep)
Popliteus
Tibialis posterior
Fibularis(Peroneus) longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Fibularis (Peroneus) brevis
Flexor digitorum longus
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Intrinsic Foot Muscles – SuperficialIntrinsic Foot Muscles – Superficial
Flexor digitorum brevis
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Intrinsic Foot Muscles – IntermediateIntrinsic Foot Muscles – Intermediate
Quadratus plantae