Muscles & Bones

Class #4Gluteal Compartment/ Lateral Compartment:

Hip Compartment:

Femoral Triangle:

Medial Thigh Compartment Nerve: Obturator Nerve (adductor muscles)

Pes Anserinus (the proximal anteriomedial tibia)

The common insertion for three thigh muscles

Anterior- Sartorious

Medial- Gracilis

Posterior- Semitendinosus

Gluteal Compartment/Posterior Thigh Compartment

The gluteal group: ( Gluteas= greek for rump)

1: Gluteus Maximus

O: Post. Sacrum & Sup. Gluteal line of ilium

I: Gluteal Tuberosity of femur; combines with tensor fasciae latae in Iliotibial band (which continues on to attach to lateral condyle of tibia)

A: Ext. of femur @ hip ; lateral rot. Of femur @ hip

Gluteal Group

• Gluteus Medius

O: iliac crest; between sup. And middle gluteal lines.

I: (lat. Surface) greater trochanter of femur

A: abduction of femur at hip

medial rotation of femur at hip

Gluteal group

• Gluteus Minimus

O: post. Ilium, between middle and inf. Gluteal lines

I: anterior surface of greater trochanter

A: abduction of femur at hip joint

medial rotation of femur at hip

Lateral Hip MusclesAbduction of the Hip

• Gluteus maximus

• Gluteus medius

• Gluteus minimus

• TFL

• Sartorius

Lateral Thigh• Tensor Fasciae LataeTensor=one that stretches; fasciae=bands; latae=wideO: ASISI: iliotibial band (combines with gluteus maximus) which

continues on to attach to the lateral condyle of the tibiaA: assists with abduction

medial rotation(flexion of femur at the hip joint)(assists with ext. of leg at knee)IT band helps stabilize knee during ambulation.

Lateral/External Rotators of the Hip

• Biceps femoris• Gluteus maximus

• Gluteus medius (post. fibers)• Sartorius• Piriformis

• Gamellus superior• Obtruator internus• Gamellus inferior

• Obtruator externus• Quadratus Femoris

• Psoas major• Iliacus

Lateral Thigh

• Deep 6 lateral rotators (pg322)

“Piriformis and the GOGO Q’s”

Piriformis = means pear shaped

O: ant. Sacrum

I: greater trochanter of femur

A: lateral rotation of femur at hip joint

Lateral Thigh

• GO GO Q’s• Gemellus Superior O: ischium I: greater trochanter• Obturator Internus O: obturator foramen I: greater

trochanter• Gemellus Inferior O: ischium I: greater trochanter• Obturator Externus O: obturator foramen I:

trochanteric fossa• Quadratus Femoris O: ischial tuberosity (lat.

Border) I: intertrochanteric crest

Lateral Thigh

• Piriformis Syndrome:

A condition in which the piriformis muscle tightens causing compression on the sciatic nerve, mimicking sciatica. This pain will be noticed along the posterior thigh region, and can radiate to the posterior knee.

Hip Flexors• Psoas Major and Iliacus (Iliopsoas)Psoas major and iliacus usually referred to as “iliopsoas”

because of their common insertion and action.Deep abdominal muscle- known to butcher as

“tenderloin” or “filet mignon”O: psoas-lumbar vertebrae T12-L5

Iliacus- iliac fossaI: lessor trochanter of femurA: Flex. And Lat. Rot. Of femur at hip joint if thigh is

fixed, flex. Of trunk at hip joint.

Bones of the foot pg 83• Calcaneus• Talus• Navicular• Cuboid• Cuneiform I, II, III• Metatarsals 1-5 (medial to lateral)• Phalanges: proximal, middle, distal (great toe has no

middle, only proximal and distal.• Tarsals: calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuboid, cuneiform

I,II,III

Anterior Leg MusclesDorsiflexion of the Foot

• Tibialis ant.

• Extensor digitorum longus

• Extensor hallicus longus

Anterior Leg Muscles

• Tibialis anterior

O: lateral shaft of tibia (lat. Condyle, interossous membrane)

I: base of 1st metatarsal (plantar surface)

base of 1st cuneiform (plantar surface)

A: dorsiflexion of foot at ankle joint

inversion (of foot at tarsal joints)

Ant. Leg muscles

• Extensor digitorum longus

O: lat. Condyle of tibia, proximal ant. Shaft of fibula

I: middle and distal phalanges of 4 lat. Toes

(front of leg to phalanges)

A: ext. of 4 lat. Toes

assists dorsiflexion of ankle

Ant. Leg muscles

• Extensor hallucis longus

O: middle ant. Shaft of fibula, interosseous membrane

I: base of distal phalanx of great toe

(front of leg to great toe)

A: ext. of great toe

assists dorsiflexion of ankle

Ant. Leg muscles

• Peroneus Tertius

O: ant. Distal fibula (with extensor Digitorum longus)

I: base of 5th metatarsal

A: eversion of foot

assists dorsiflexion

Lateral Leg MusclesEversion of the Foot

• Peroneus longus

• Peroneus brevis

• Extensor digitorum longus

Lateral leg muscles

• Peroneus Longus

O: head of proximal lateral shaft of fibula

I: base of 1st metatarsal (lat. Side); plantar surface of 1st cuneiform

A: eversion of foot at tarsal joints

assists plantar flexion of ankle

Peroneus longus and Tibialis anterior meet up at insertion points– forms a stirrup for the foot.

Lat. Leg muscles

• Peroneus Brevis

O: lat. Shaft of fibula (distal 2/3)

I: base of 5th metatarsal

A: eversion of foot

assists plantar flexion of ankle

Posterior Leg MusclesPlantarflexion of the Foot

• Gastroncnemius• Soleus

• Tibialis post.• Peroneus longus (assists)• Peroneus brevis (assists)• Flexor digitorum longus• Flexor hallicus longus

• Plantaris

Posterior Leg Muscles

• Gastrocnemius

O: med. And lat. Condyles of femur

I: calcaneus via achilles tendon

A: plantar flexion of foot at ankle joint

Can act on knee or ankle, but not simultaneously

Post. Leg muscles

• SoleusSoleus is latin for sole, a flat fish…it’s a flat

broad muscle.O: soleal line of tibia, post. Head and upper

shaft of fibulaI: calcaneus via achilles tendonA: plantar flexion of foot at ankle jointSoleus is the strongest plantar flexor

Post. Leg muscles

Gastronemius and soleus together form the “triceps surae”

Plantaris

O: lateral epicondyle of femur

I: calcaneus via achilles tendon

A: assists plantar flexion of foot at ankle

Post. Leg muscles• PopliteusInitiates knee flexion by medial rotation of tibia to “unlock”

the extended knee“the key that unlocks the knee”

Tibialis PosteriorO: post. Tibia, post. Fibula, interosseous membran.I: navicular and adjacent metatarsals on plantar surface (back

of leg to navicular & metatarsals)A: inversion of foot

assists plantarflexion of ankle

Post. Leg muscles

• Flexor Digitorum longus

O: post. Tibia

I: distal phalanges of 4 lat. Toes on plantar surface (back of leg to 4 lat. Toes)

A: flexion of 4 lat. Toes

assists plantar flexion of ankle

Post. Leg muscles

• Flexor Hallucis longus

O: post. Fibula

I: distal phalanx of great toe (plantar surface)

(back of leg to great toe)

A: flexion of great toe, assists plantarflexion of ankle

Post. Leg muscles

“Tom, Dick and Harry”

Tibialis posterior

Flexor Digitorum longus

Flexor Hallucis longus

deep post. Calf muscles whose tendons go around medial malleolus in this order of ant. Superficial to post. Deep.