muscle physiology distinguish between the 3 types of muscles and describe the four main functions of...
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Muscle Physiology
Distinguish between the 3 types of muscles and describe the four main
functions of muscles
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Functions of Muscles1. Producing Movement- such as quick
movements, expressing emotion, circulating blood.
2. Maintaining Posture- Mainly through skeletal muscles which make tiny adjustments continuously.
3. Stabilizing Joints- through muscle tendons4. Generating Heat- skeletal muscle accounts for
40% of body mass and most responsible for heat generation through muscle contractions
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Skeletal Muscles
• Location: attached to bones or to skin (mainly facial muscles)
• Shape and appearance: single, very long, cylindrical, multinucleated cells with obvious striations.
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Skeletal Muscle: Can you see the striations and multiple nuclei???
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Skeletal Muscle continued……• Connective Tissue: Epimysium, perimysium,
and endomysium
• Regulation of contraction: Voluntary, via nervous system control
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Skeletal Continued….• Regulation of contraction: Voluntary via nervous
system controls
• Speed of contraction: Slow to fast
• Rhythmic Contraction: NO
Remember: Skeletal, Striated, and Voluntary
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Cardiac Muscles
• Body Location: Walls of the heart
• Cell shape and appearance:– Branching chains of cells; uninucleate, striations;
intercalated discs
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Cardiac Muscle Continued…
• Connective Tissue Components: Endomysium attached to the fibrous skeleton of the heart.
• Regulation of contraction: Involuntary; the heart has a pacemaker (keeps the rhythm); also nervous system controls; hormones
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Cardiac Muscle Continued…
• Speed of contraction: Slow
• Rhythmic Contraction: Yes
Remember: Cardiac, striated, and involuntary
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Smooth Muscle
• Body Location: Mostly in walls of hollow visceral organs (other then the heart)
• Cell shape and appearance: Single, fusiform, uninucleate; no striations
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Smooth Muscle Continued
• Connective Tissue Components: Endomysium
• Regulation of Contraction: Involuntary; nervous system controls; hormones; chemicals; stretch
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Smooth Muscle Continued….
• Speed of Contraction: Very Slow
If skeletal muscle was a speedy car then smooth muscle would be a heavy-duty construction vehicles (CAT)
• Rhythmic Contraction: Yes, in some
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Review1. How do cells of the 3 types of muscle tissue
differ from one another anatomically?2. Which muscle type has the most elaborate
connective tissue wrappings?3. What does striated mean relative to muscle
cells?4. How do movements promoted by skeletal
muscles differ from those of smooth muscle?