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Muscle Matters

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Page 1: Muscle Matters. I. Muscle types A. Skeletal – 1. voluntary – 2. striated – 3. structure B. Visceral – 1. involuntary – 2. smooth – 3. structure C. Cardiac

Muscle Matters

Page 2: Muscle Matters. I. Muscle types A. Skeletal – 1. voluntary – 2. striated – 3. structure B. Visceral – 1. involuntary – 2. smooth – 3. structure C. Cardiac

I. Muscle types

• A. Skeletal– 1. voluntary– 2. striated– 3. structure

• B. Visceral– 1. involuntary– 2. smooth– 3. structure

• C. Cardiac– 1. location– 2. structure

Page 3: Muscle Matters. I. Muscle types A. Skeletal – 1. voluntary – 2. striated – 3. structure B. Visceral – 1. involuntary – 2. smooth – 3. structure C. Cardiac

II. Muscle function

• A. Producing movement– 1. skeletal– 2. peristalsis – 3. blood movement

• B. Maintaining posture and position• C. Stabilizing joints

– 1. some joints have relatively poorly fitting articular surfaces– 2. knee joint

• D. Producing heat• E. Additional functions

– 1. protection– 2. sphincters– 3. arrector pili

Page 4: Muscle Matters. I. Muscle types A. Skeletal – 1. voluntary – 2. striated – 3. structure B. Visceral – 1. involuntary – 2. smooth – 3. structure C. Cardiac

III. Organization of skeletal muscle

• A. Fasicle• B. Epimysium• C. Perimsyium• D. Endomysium• E. Tendon• F. Sarcoplasmic

reticulum• G. Myofibrils

– 1. actin– 2. myosin

Page 5: Muscle Matters. I. Muscle types A. Skeletal – 1. voluntary – 2. striated – 3. structure B. Visceral – 1. involuntary – 2. smooth – 3. structure C. Cardiac

IV. Microscopic structure of voluntary muscle

• A. Sarcoplasmic reticulum– 1. structure

– 2. function

Page 6: Muscle Matters. I. Muscle types A. Skeletal – 1. voluntary – 2. striated – 3. structure B. Visceral – 1. involuntary – 2. smooth – 3. structure C. Cardiac

B. Structure of sarcomere

• 1. sarcomere

• 2. Z lines3. I bands– Light bands– actin

• 4. A bands– Dark bands– myosin

Page 7: Muscle Matters. I. Muscle types A. Skeletal – 1. voluntary – 2. striated – 3. structure B. Visceral – 1. involuntary – 2. smooth – 3. structure C. Cardiac

Another View of a Sarcomere• A. Myosin

– 1. thick myofilament– 2. cross bridges– 3. ATPase enzymes

• B. Actin– 1. receptor sites– 2. regulatory

proteins

Page 8: Muscle Matters. I. Muscle types A. Skeletal – 1. voluntary – 2. striated – 3. structure B. Visceral – 1. involuntary – 2. smooth – 3. structure C. Cardiac

V. Muscle-Nerve Connection

• A. Motor unit– 1. Definition

– 2. Size

Page 9: Muscle Matters. I. Muscle types A. Skeletal – 1. voluntary – 2. striated – 3. structure B. Visceral – 1. involuntary – 2. smooth – 3. structure C. Cardiac

B. Myoneural junction• 1. neuromuscular junction• 2. neurotransmitter-acetycholine• 3. synaptic cleft• 4. subneural folds

Page 10: Muscle Matters. I. Muscle types A. Skeletal – 1. voluntary – 2. striated – 3. structure B. Visceral – 1. involuntary – 2. smooth – 3. structure C. Cardiac

VI. Events at myoneural junction• A. Impulse arrives• B. Ca ion channels

open• C. Rupture of

synaptic vesicles• D. Ach diffuses• E. Ach attaches to

receptor sites• F. Action potential

generated on sarcolemma

• G. Cholinesterase

Page 11: Muscle Matters. I. Muscle types A. Skeletal – 1. voluntary – 2. striated – 3. structure B. Visceral – 1. involuntary – 2. smooth – 3. structure C. Cardiac

VII. Sliding filament theory• A. Ca ions

released from SR• B. Receptor sites

on actin opened• C. Cross bridges

on myosin attach to actin

• D. Power stroke pulling actin toward middle of sarcomere

• E. Ca ions reabsorbed at end of nerve stimulation

Page 12: Muscle Matters. I. Muscle types A. Skeletal – 1. voluntary – 2. striated – 3. structure B. Visceral – 1. involuntary – 2. smooth – 3. structure C. Cardiac

VIII. Contraction of whole muscleA. Muscle twitch

• 1. motor unit responds with all or none response

• 2. either occurs or it doesn’t

• 3. why don’t we move in jerky fashion

Page 13: Muscle Matters. I. Muscle types A. Skeletal – 1. voluntary – 2. striated – 3. structure B. Visceral – 1. involuntary – 2. smooth – 3. structure C. Cardiac

B. Muscle summation

• 1. simple twitch• 2. staircase• 3. wave

summation• 4. tetanus

Page 14: Muscle Matters. I. Muscle types A. Skeletal – 1. voluntary – 2. striated – 3. structure B. Visceral – 1. involuntary – 2. smooth – 3. structure C. Cardiac

C. Motor unit recruitment• 1. definition of

motor unit• 2. all operate on

an all-or-none fashion

• 3. low threshold• 4. mid threshold• 5. high

threshold

Page 15: Muscle Matters. I. Muscle types A. Skeletal – 1. voluntary – 2. striated – 3. structure B. Visceral – 1. involuntary – 2. smooth – 3. structure C. Cardiac

D. Isotonic vs. isometric contraction• 1. isotonic contraction

• 2. isometric contraction

Page 16: Muscle Matters. I. Muscle types A. Skeletal – 1. voluntary – 2. striated – 3. structure B. Visceral – 1. involuntary – 2. smooth – 3. structure C. Cardiac

IX. Selected gross anatomyA. Head and neck

• 1. frontalis• 2. orbicularis oculi• 3. orbicularis oris• 4. zygomaticus• 5. buccinator• 6. masseter• 7. temporalis• 8. sternocleidomastod• 9. trapezius

Page 17: Muscle Matters. I. Muscle types A. Skeletal – 1. voluntary – 2. striated – 3. structure B. Visceral – 1. involuntary – 2. smooth – 3. structure C. Cardiac

B. Anterior Trunk Muscles

• 1. pectoralis major• 2. deltoid• 3. external obliques• 4. rectus abdominis

Page 18: Muscle Matters. I. Muscle types A. Skeletal – 1. voluntary – 2. striated – 3. structure B. Visceral – 1. involuntary – 2. smooth – 3. structure C. Cardiac

C. Posterior trunk muscles-latissimus dorsi

• 1. arm pulling down as in striking a blow

Page 19: Muscle Matters. I. Muscle types A. Skeletal – 1. voluntary – 2. striated – 3. structure B. Visceral – 1. involuntary – 2. smooth – 3. structure C. Cardiac

D. Leg muscles posterior

• 1. gluteus maximus

• 2. gluteus medius

• 3. hamstrings• 4. gastrocnemius

Page 20: Muscle Matters. I. Muscle types A. Skeletal – 1. voluntary – 2. striated – 3. structure B. Visceral – 1. involuntary – 2. smooth – 3. structure C. Cardiac

E. Leg muscles anterior

• 1. quadriceps• 2. tibialis anterior


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