muscle anatomy and physiology lab

Pearl River Community College

Muscle Anatomy and Physiology Lab

Jana CauseyChris Christen

Amanda Parker

http://www.prcc.edu/


Part I: Identification of Muscles and their ActionsStudent Learning Goals

1. Identify various muscles in the human body using images and human muscle models.

2. Identify the action, origin and, insertion of each muscle identified.

3. Identify prime movers (agonists), antagonistic muscles, synergistic muscles, and fixators/stabilizers of each muscle action.


Review: Planes of the Body


Terminology

• Origin – point at which a muscle attaches to a bone and is static

• Insertion – point at which a muscle attaches to a bone and moves that bone upon contraction


Terminology

• Prime mover (Agonist) – primary muscle completing the action

• Antagonist – relaxes to allow the agonist to contract; contraction results in an opposite movement

• Synergist(s) – hold the body in the correct position to complete the action

• Fixator/Stabilizer – special synergist that stabilizes the bone of the prime movers origin


Corrugatorsupercilii Orbicularis oculiLevator labiisuperiorisZygomaticusminor and majorBuccinator

Orbicularis orisMentalisDepressorlabii inferiorisDepressor anguli oris

Frontal bellyOccipitalbelly

Temporalis

MasseterSternocleidomastoidTrapezius

Epicranius


Transversus abdominisInternal obliqueExternal oblique

Pectoralis major

Rectusabdominis

Serratus anterior


SubclaviusClavicle

SubscapularisPectoralis minor

Coracobrachialis

Serratus anterior

Humerus

Sternocleido-mastoid

DeltoidPectoralismajor Sternum

Biceps brachii

Trapezius

LevatorscapulaeSupraspinatusClavicleSpine ofscapula InfraspinatusTeres minor

Humerus

Deltoid

Teres major

Latissimusdorsi

RhomboidminorRhomboidmajor


Clavicle

Deltoid

Pectoralis major

Lateral headLong headMedial head

CoracobrachialisTriceps brachii:

Biceps brachiiBrachialisBrachioradialis

(a) Anterior view

Supraspinatus*Spine of scapula

(b) Posterior view

Deltoid (cut)Greater tubercleof humerusInfraspinatus*Teres minor*Teres majorTriceps brachii:

Latissimus dorsi

HumerusOlecranon processof ulna

Lateral head Long head

Anconeus

* Rotator cuff muscles


Flexor carpiulnaris

Extensor carpiulnaris

Extensor digitiminimi

Extensor indicis

Extensor digitorum

Extensor carpiradialis brevisExtensor carpiradialis longus

Biceps brachii

Pronator teres

Brachioradialis

Pronator quadratus

Flexor carpi radialisPalmaris longusFlexor carpi ulnaris

Flexor digitorumsuperficialis


Psoas minor

Psoas majorIliopsoas Iliacus

Tensor fasciae lataePectineusSartoriusQuadriceps femoris• Rectus femoris • Vastus lateralis• Vastus medialis

Adductor magnus

Adductor longusGracilis


Gluteus medius

Gluteus maximus

Adductor magnusGracilis

Long head

SemitendinosusSemimembranosus

Short headBicepsfemoris Hamstrings


GastrocnemiusSoleusFibularis longusExtensor digitorum longusTibialis anteriorExtensor hallucis longus

Fibularis brevisFlexor hallucis longus

Extensor digitorum brevisExtensor hallucis brevis

Fibularis longusGastrocnemiusTibia

Tibialis anteriorExtensor digitorum longus

SoleusExtensor hallucis longus

Fibularis tertius


Part II: Incorporation of Exercise and Muscle ActionStudent Learning Goals

• Review various muscle groups on muscle models

• Identify prime movers (agonists), antagonistic muscles, synergistic muscles, and fixators/stabilizers of the muscles used in the assigned exercise


Movements of the Abdominal Muscles:Sit-up


Movements of the Back:Superman


Movements of the Back:Reverse Butterfly


Movements of the Chest:Butterfly


Movements of the Chest and Arms:Downward Motion of a Push-up


Movements of the Chest and Arms:Upward Motion of a Push-up


Movements of the Arms: Bicep Curl


Movements of the Arms: Lateral Shoulder Raise


Movements of the Arms:Rotating Bicep Curl


Movements of the Arms:Forearm Curl


Movements of the Legs:Lateral Leg Raises


Movements of the Legs:Forward Leg Raises


Movements of the Legs:Backward Leg Raises


Movements of the Legs:Lunges


Movements of the Legs:Squats


Movements of the Legs:Calf Raises


Movements of the Legs:Flexing the Foot


Assignment Options

1. Complete the assignment during lab using the handout provided– Addition of synergist/fixators to list

2. Assign different muscle groups to students and require students to choreograph muscle movements that use the muscle groups– Addition of light weights and/or bands

3. Online adaptations

muscle anatomy and physiology lab

Documents

muscle attaches

muscle action

human muscle models

physiology lab muscle

identification of muscles

human body

synergistic muscles

antagonistic muscles