mumbai and the mmr (rajiv misra)
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
Mumbai
and
the Metropolitan Region
• Historically a city of 7 islands with fishing villages. Land owned by the Sultan of Gujarat, who succumbed to the Portuguese in 1534
• Portuguese presented it as dowry to the British in 1662
• The most important trading centre for the British in India
• Reclaimed land to form the urban agglomeration - Greater Mumbai
• 1863 - development of the largest Port in India for cotton trade - handles 40% of India’s total foreign trade today
• Developed as one of the biggest industrial complex on mainland Asia - textiles, chemicals etc
• Financial Capital of India
MUMBAI : BACKGROUND
Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Plan (1996 – 2011)
• First Regional Plan for the Mumbai Metropolitan Region was published in 1973
• MMRDA undertook revision of the Regional Plan taking into account the changes occurring in the population, economy and physical developments
• The existing land use survey was carried out using remote sensing techniques
• Multi-purpose Household Survey, which also included houseless and institutional population, provides valuable data on household profiles and living conditions of the people. All the spatial and attribute data were organised under a GIS
RAILWAY CORRIDORS:
• Western Railway
• Central Railway
• Harbour line
TRANSPORT and EMPLOYMENT
FORT/CBD
BANDRA-KURLA COMPLEX
NAVI
MUMBAI
EMPLOYMENT CENTRES
• Fort (formal sector employment – 55.7% in 1990 a decline from 71.8% in 1980)
• Bandra Kurla Complex
• Navi Mumbai
• Informal sector - 68% of total employment in the city
TRANSPORT: PROPOSED METRO RAIL NETWORK - MUMBAI
TRANSPORT: PROPOSED METRO RAIL NETWORK - MMR
MMRDA PROPOSA
L 2031
CAPITAL PRODUCTION/
LABOUR MARKETGLOBALISATION URBANISATION
1. ECONOMIC RESTRUCTURING
2. PRESSURE FOR INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE
3. NEW MARKET DEMANDS – IMPORTS & EXPORTS
1. POPULATION INCREASE
2. PRESSURE FROM MIGRATION
3. NEW DEMANDS FOR SERVICES AND INFRASTRUCTURE
INTERNATIONAL - DEVELOPMENT FOCUS ON URBAN AREAS
NATIONAL / CENTRAL -
• ECONOMIC RESTRUCTURING
• SHIFT FROM RURAL TO URBAN
STATE AND CITY -
• GLOBAL PROFESSIONALS / ELITES - HOUSING, TRANSPORT, SERVICES, LIFESTYLE
• POLITICAL / CULTURAL IDEOLOGY
POLICY ENVIRONMENT
URBAN POVERTY
From Other States -
• Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh for film industry, construction labourers
• South India for jewellery making / restaurant business
• Gujarat for stock broking / trade
• Skilled workers
International -
• Professionals
• Refugees / asylum seekers from neighbouring countries
URBANISATION AND MUMBAI
MIGRATION PATTERNS
From Hinterland - • coastal regions of Maharashtra for mechanisation of production
1996 MMRDA PLAN:
• Abolished the bulk land acquisition policy
• Recommended market capitalising land and taxation policies
The MMRDA in its Draft Regional Plan for 1996-2011 stated:
"Mumbai will have to respond to the changing circumstances to achieve its own economic recovery. Mumbai can also act as the focal point in the process of the globalisation of the Indian economy…. develop Mumbai into a finance and business node for international level of operations."
1973 PLAN
• Employment benefits and infrastructure provision reaching a larger section of society
• Bulk land acquisition policy was designed to control speculative development and offer resources for the provision of infrastructure
SHIFTING PRIORITIES
SPATIAL RESTRUCTURING
• Shift in orientation of policies -
• Move from bulk land acquisition to market capitalising land and taxation policies
• Relaxation of land zoning regulations
• Transport infrastructure - MUTP project, highways, expressways etc
• Business districts - Bandra-Kurla complex, Navi Mumbai - software park etc
• Housing projects - redevelopment of Parel - the derelict Textile mill land, slum upgrading, resettlement etc
• Lifestyles for the elites - shopping malls, recreation parks, bowling clubs etc
GLOBALISATION URBANISATION
Urban turned Global
Fundamentally Global
Urban declinedRe-emerging as Global
Urban unaffected by Global
THEMATIC TYPES OF DEVELOPMENT
• Powai• Seawoods
• Mill Lands• Resettlement
• Slums / Gaothan• Chawls
TYPES OF DEVELOPMENT ENCLAVES
Fundamentally Global
• Global professionals living in self-sufficient mixed use complex
Urban turnedGlobal
• Migrants resettled in a neighbourhood facilitated for the World Bank-MUTP project
Urban declinedRe-emerging
as Global
• Exodus of Mill workers; decline in textile manufacturing; closing down of mills in 1980’s; the derelict land is sold to developers for luxury housing and up-market entertainment complexes
Urban unaffected by Global
• The gaothans and squatter settlements have been the melting pot for every kind of migrant coming to Mumbai. They are also a base for informal sector production.
Since 2005, global effects have ordered new patterns – SEZs, Redevelopment, Special Townships etc
POWAI COMPLEX
SEAWOODS COMPLEX
MUMBAI’S ECONOMY
• International - Imports / exports, transnational networks - leather, gold, films
• National - Contribution to India’s GDP -
• 33% of income tax, 60% of custom duties, 20% of central excise duties
• City port handles 40% of foreign trade
• 20% of total employment in India’s organised industry
• Textile industry accounts for 31% of India’s looms
• Regional - 40% of State Domestic product (SDP)
• Transport networks - freight, railways, airways
• Classification by industry and services
• Manufacturing: textiles, synthetic fibre, rubber, plastics, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, fertilisers
• Banking, Insurance, Business & financial services
• New ventures - Call centres, off shore banking centers, software development for overseas companies - competing with Bangalore and Hyderabad for the IT sector
PAREL - MILL LANDS
Table 8: Sectoral Employment in Mumbai
Employed in 1980 1990 Trade, finance, services 52.1 64.3 Manufacturing sector 36.0 28.5 Others 11.9 7.2 The Island city 71.8 55.7
S o u rce : T IF R , 1 9 9 9
The inner circle for the Island City, the remainder for the rest of Greater Mumbai S o u rce : T IF R , 1 9 9 9
SECTORAL EMPLOYMENT IN MUMBAI
Informal sector accounts for 68% of employment in the city
BANDRA-KURLA COMPLEX
DHARAVI REDEVELOPMENT
MANORI GORAI UTTAN
CENTRAL PARK KHARGAR
RECREATION
INFRASTRUCTURE MUMBAI AIRPORT
NEW MUMBAI AIRPORT
REWAS PORT
MTHL
ICONS
Mumbai Metropolitan Region: Area and Population
•AREA (Sq. Km.) 468 4355
• Population (in million) 11.90 4.468 (Census 2001 )
• Villages (1991) Nil 982
• Municipal Corporations 16 (December 2001)
• Municipal Councils Nil 13 (December 2001)
• Factories in June 1997 7,153 4,267
• Factories Employment
in 1997 (in '000) 401 196
•Industrial Value Added
1996-97 (Rs. in million) 69,390 77,748
Gr. Mumbai Rest MMRIsland City + Suburban
Minimum INFORMATION provided by any Developer in Mumbai for a Project:
1 VISION STATEMENT
2 BASE MAP DRAWING (Dwg format and print)
3 GOVERNMENT RESOLUTION (GR) for Special Townships in MMR
4 MUMBAI METROPOLITAN REGION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 1996-2001
5 Notifications of MoEF (Delhi) for CRZ and EIA
6 UDPFI Guidelines – part
7 National Building Code 2005 – part
8 Area calculation of site extents for Concept Master Plan