multipliers in measuring economic impacts

7/27/2019 Multipliers in Measuring Economic Impacts

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California Economic Strategy Panel 2009

Using Multipliers to Measure Economic Impacts

Industry multipliers are valuable for measuring the broad impacts of economicdevelopment activity. Multipliers can be used to estimate, for example, how a newmanufacturing plant can create total jobs and income that exceed the plant payroll.

Conversely, they can also be used to estimate the job and income losses occurringthroughout a community as a result of a plant closure. Multipliers provide valuableinformation even when no expansions or closures occur, because the size of themultiplier indicates the relationship of an industry to the economy.

What is a Multiplier?

A multiplier shows the additional (or indirect) change to theeconomy resulting from each change in a selected industry. Forexample, the direct effect employment multiplier (benchmark

series) for the California construction industry is 2.3051. Thismeans that each construction industry job supports another 1.3051

jobs statewide. A multiplier is always greater than one, becausethe one represents the original level in the selected industry.Multipliers are available for the entire state, as shown in theattached table, or for sub-state areas such as counties.

What Affects the Size of a Multiplier?

Multipliers can vary widely by industry and area. Multipliers arehigher for regions with a diverse industry mix. Industries that

make extensive use of materials from within California have higher statewidemultipliers. Industries that buy most of their material from outside the state tend tohave lower multipliers. The same is true in the case of multipliers for counties or othersub-state areas.

Multipliers tend to be higher for industries located in large urban areas, because moreof the spending by the industry stays within the area. Smaller, rural areas generallyhave lower multipliers, because industries must use firms outside the area for suppliesand services. Multipliers for the entire state are larger than sub-state multipliers,because the initial gains (or losses) in an industry are magnified over a largergeographic area.

Limitations of Multipliers

Multipliers do not always measure indirect economic impacts correctly. This situation isthe result of assumptions about the flow of goods and services that are made when

multipliers are developed.

The most important assumption is that trading patterns are fixed. That is, each industrybuys supplies from local and outside industries in fixed proportions, and production bysuppliers automatically changes with production in the purchasing industry. It followsfrom this assumption that multipliers will estimate impacts realistically only if new firmsbuy from local industries in the same proportion as existing firms in the area. Moreover,local industries must be able to increase their production to supply the new firm. Theseconditions are rarely met completely. As a result, multipliers usually overstate indirectimpacts.

This briefing

paper discusses

the benefits andlimitations of

using industrymultipliers to

measure

economicimpacts. It is a

companion tothe attachedtables, which

provide RIMSIIMultipliers for

the State ofCalifornia.


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Using Multipliers to Measure Economic Impacts

California Economic Strategy Panel 2009

Multipliers should only be applied to projects that are a genuine source of net neweconomic activity in an area. Incoming firms are not always a net new source ofeconomic activity, because they can take business away from existing firms. New retailor entertainment developments create indirect economic impacts only if they capturespending that formerly left the area, or if they attract new spending from outside thearea. Multipliers should be used with particular caution in two cases: industries

processing local materials and plant closures.

Industries Processing Local Materials: There is not always a fixed relationshipbetween production and processing industries. For example, if a new food processingplant opens, agricultural production may not be able to automatically increase to supplythe plant. Similarly, farm production does not always fall when a food processing plantcloses. Previously processed fruits and vegetables may be purchased as fresh productsby consumers. Due to the often-varying relationship between industries, the indirecteconomic impacts indicated by multipliers may not occur.

Plant Closures: Multipliers usually overstate the impact of plant closures. Theassumption of fixed trading patterns implies that suppliers always cut production and

layoff workers in direct proportion to their loss in sales to the closed plant. In reality,businesses are always adapting to changing economic conditions. Suppliers may findnew markets, or growth within an area may create new opportunities for suppliers. As aresult, a multiplier may provide the upper limit on indirect impacts, rather than areasonable estimate of the impacts.

The Multipliers

The following tables contain regional input-output multipliers (RIMS II) for California.These multipliers were developed by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis andmeasure the economic impact of a change in final demand, in earnings, or inemployment on a regions economy. RIMS II multipliers are available in two series

one based on more recent but less detailed national annual input-output data, the otherbased on more detailed but less current national benchmark input-output data.

Table 1 contains California Annual Series (2006/2006) RIMS II multipliers forOutput, Earnings, Employment, and Value Added by Industry Aggregation for 60industry aggregations. The multipliers are based on 2006 national annual input-outputdata and 2006 regional data.

Table 2 contains California Benchmark Series (1997/2006) RIMS II multipliersfor 473 detailed industries. The multipliers are based on 1997 national benchmarkinput-output data and 2006 regional data.

Table 3 contains California Benchmark Series 1997/2006) RIMS II multipliers forthe same 60 aggregated industries that are provided in the annual series.

For more information on these multipliers, and a User Handbook, seewww.bea.gov/bea/regional/rims/.
http://www.bea.gov/glossary/glossary_a.htm#Annual_input_output_accountshttp://www.bea.gov/glossary/glossary_a.htm#Annual_input_output_accounts


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NOTE.--Multipliers are based on the 2006 Annual Input-Output Table for the Nation and 2006 regional data. Industry List B identifies the industries corresponding to theentries.SOURCE.--Regional Input-Output Modeling System (RIMS II), Regional Product Division, Bureau of Economic Analysis.

6. Each entry in column 6 represents the total change in number of jobs in all industries for each additional job in the industry corresponding to the entry.

5. Each entry in column 5 represents the total dollar change in earnings of households employed by all industries for each additional dollar of earnings paid directly tohouseholds employed by the industry corresponding to the entry.

4. Each entry in column 4 represents the total dollar change in value added that occurs in all industries for each additional dollar of output delivered to final demand bythe industry corresponding to the entry.

delivered to final demand by the industry corresponding to the entry. Because the employment multipliers are based on 2006 data, the output delivered to final demandshould be in 2006 dollars.

3. Each entry in column 3 represents the total change in number of jobs that occurs in all industries for each additional 1 million dollars of output

2. Each entry in column 2 represents the total dollar change in earnings of households employed by all industries for each additional dollar of output delivered to finaldemand by the industry corresponding to the entry.

1. Each entry in column 1 represents the total dollar change in output that occurs in all industries for each additional dollar of output delivered to final demand by theindustry corresponding to the entry.

*Includes Government enterprises.Region Definition: California

RIMS II Multipliers (2006/2006)Table 1 Total Multipliers for Output, Earnings, Employment, and Value Added by Industry Aggregation

California Annual (Type II)

INDUSTRY

Multiplier

Final Demand Direct Effect

Output/1/(dollars)

Earnings/2/(dollars)

Employment/3/(jobs)

Value-added/4/(dollars)


Employment/6/(jobs)

1. Crop and animal production 2.0309 0.4688 17.6643 0.9198 2.5357 1.8006

2. Forestry, fishing, and related activities 2.3323 0.9158 33.0030 1.1941 1.7186 1.4495

3. Oil and gas extraction 1.8605 0.4703 7.0889 1.1049 1.9665 4.1473

4. Mining, except oil and gas 1.8706 0.4785 9.0682 1.0715 1.9686 2.5688

5. Support activities for mining 2.0270 0.4597 9.0909 1.0831 2.7940 3.4971

6. Utilities* 1.7054 0.3163 4.9980 0.9999 2.3950 4.2710

7. Construction 2.4645 0.7983 19.0236 1.3053 2.0840 2.2267

8. Wood product manufacturing 2.1108 0.5309 14.0009 0.9381 2.5644 2.4798

9. Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing 2.1841 0.5486 11.6844 1.0841 2.4934 2.8993

10. Primary metal manufacturing 1.8250 0.3781 7.7721 0.7187 2.5239 3.1441

11. Fabricated metal product manufacturing 2.1044 0.5501 12.4204 1.0180 2.2515 2.3797

12. Machinery manufacturing 2.2373 0.5761 11.3730 1.0611 2.5258 3.3775

13. Computer and electronic product manufacturing 2.5177 0.7433 13.0324 1.1990 2.4750 4.3314

14. Electrical equipment and appliance manufacturing 2.1132 0.5375 11.2838 0.9905 2.4136 2.7809

15. Motor vehicle, body, trailer, and parts manufacturing 1.9864 0.4282 9.2048 0.7194 2.8109 3.3765

16. Other transportation equipment manufacturing 2.2606 0.7183 12.5708 1.1421 2.0212 3.0714

17. Furniture and related product manufacturing 2.2758 0.6086 15.5691 1.0647 2.4250 2.2497

18. Miscellaneous manufacturing 2.3200 0.7048 13.7326 1.1856 2.1504 2.8276

19. Food, beverage, and tobacco product manufacturing 2.4002 0.5202 12.3684 0.9765 3.7524 4.0669

20. Textile and textile product mills 2.1197 0.5345 14.0549 0.8838 2.4318 2.1851

21. Apparel, leather, and allied product manufacturing 2.3098 0.7331 20.7517 1.2257 2.0695 1.8877

22. Paper manufacturing 2.0024 0.4601 9.7972 0.8615 2.5965 3.0463

23. Printing and related support activities 2.2214 0.6731 15.3066 1.1411 2.0514 2.1787

24. Petroleum and coal products manufacturing 1.7388 0.3106 4.7243 0.5611 2.6014 5.7377

25. Chemical manufacturing 2.1850 0.4776 8.8763 0.9639 3.1683 5.4730

26. Plastics and rubber products manufacturing 1.9938 0.4413 10.1806 0.8717 2.5705 2.5464

27. Wholesale trade 2.1763 0.6684 13.8116 1.3260 2.0137 2.5341

28. Retail trade 2.2421 0.6821 22.1106 1.3356 2.0269 1.6312

29. Air transportation 2.3720 0.5949 12.6718 1.0630 2.8292 4.0910

30. Rail transportation 2.0361 0.5124 9.9782 1.1509 2.3790 3.4161

31. Water transportation 2.4870 0.5775 12.2706 1.1118 4.8026 7.5872

32. Truck transportation 2.3873 0.6970 16.7928 1.2219 2.2745 2.2837

33. Transit and ground passenger transportation* 2.4828 0.8052 29.5060 1.2754 2.0205 1.5060

34. Pipeline transportation 2.1374 0.4268 8.0141 0.9359 3.7238 6.7385

35. Other transportation and support activities* 2.2603 0.8569 18.7258 1.4777 1.7112 1.9416

36. Warehousing and storage 2.2346 0.8291 21.9884 1.4611 1.6619 1.6439

37. Publishing including software 2.3547 0.6485 13.1040 1.2959 2.5017 3.6778

38. Motion picture and sound recording industries 2.7054 0.7212 16.9571 1.3906 2.8931 3.0853

39. Broadcasting and telecommunications 2.4053 0.5151 10.3868 1.2148 3.6090 5.4637

40. Information and data processing services 2.5789 0.6140 13.8126 1.3179 3.6926 4.9107

41. Federal Reserve banks, credit intermediation and relatedservices 1.8917 0.5165 10.1409 1.2780 2.0241 2.6741

42. Securities, commodity contracts, investments 2.6777 0.9413 16.8852 1.4771 2.1336 3.1359

(Continued)


4/19

NOTE.--Multipliers are based on the 2006 Annual Input-Output Table for the Nation and 2006 regional data. Industry List B identifies the industries corresponding to theentries.SOURCE.--Regional Input-Output Modeling System (RIMS II), Regional Product Division, Bureau of Economic Analysis.

6. Each entry in column 6 represents the total change in number of jobs in all industries for each additional job in the industry corresponding to the entry.

5. Each entry in column 5 represents the total dollar change in earnings of households employed by all industries for each additional dollar of earnings paid directly tohouseholds employed by the industry corresponding to the entry.

4. Each entry in column 4 represents the total dollar change in value added that occurs in all industries for each additional dollar of output delivered to final demand bythe industry corresponding to the entry.

delivered to final demand by the industry corresponding to the entry. Because the employment multipliers are based on 2006 data, the output delivered to final demandshould be in 2006 dollars.


2. Each entry in column 2 represents the total dollar change in earnings of households employed by all industries for each additional dollar of output delivered to finaldemand by the industry corresponding to the entry.

1. Each entry in column 1 represents the total dollar change in output that occurs in all industries for each additional dollar of output delivered to final demand by theindustry corresponding to the entry.


RIMS II Multipliers (2006/2006)Table 1 Total Multipliers for Output, Earnings, Employment, and Value Added by Industry Aggregation

California Annual (Type II)

INDUSTRY

Multiplier


Output/1/(dollars)


Employment/3/(jobs)



Employment/6/(jobs)

43. Insurance carriers and related activities 2.6365 0.7329 14.3985 1.3188 2.6645 3.3831

44. Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles 3.0174 0.8741 15.1873 1.3608 4.2536 7.5506

45. Real estate 1.7152 0.2727 7.9849 1.1116 3.6844 2.6446

46. Rental and leasing services and lessors of intangibleassets 2.3688 0.5525 13.2182 1.1955 3.7565 3.8320

47. Professional, scientific, and technical services 2.4986 0.8871 18.3273 1.4769 1.9413 2.5108

48. Management of companies and enterprises 2.4675 0.8086 14.7589 1.4348 1.9853 2.9658

49. Administrative and support services 2.4139 0.8123 25.5214 1.4197 1.9885 1.6909

50. Waste management and remediation services 2.3112 0.6185 13.8197 1.1788 2.3517 2.6867

51. Educational services 2.5387 0.8726 27.5776 1.4649 1.9019 1.6470

52. Ambulatory health care services 2.4132 0.8665 18.6950 1.4679 1.8490 2.1962

53. Hospitals and nursing and residential care facilities 2.5776 0.8799 21.7163 1.4364 1.9892 2.0613

54. Social assistance 2.4537 0.8429 35.2776 1.4161 1.8905 1.4024

55. Performing arts, museums, and related activities 2.5183 0.9072 29.4181 1.5534 2.0111 1.7685

56. Amusements, gambling, and recreation 2.2230 0.6585 23.7123 1.3276 2.0294 1.5495

57. Accommodation 2.2289 0.6423 19.0580 1.3064 2.1456 1.8377

58. Food services and drinking places 2.3429 0.6409 27.1993 1.2195 2.1943 1.4797

59. Other services* 2.4281 0.6939 20.4144 1.2851 2.3563 1.9453

60. Households 1.6331 0.4561 12.2834 0.9190 0.0000 0.0000


5/19

NOTE.--Multipliers are based on the 1997 Benchmark Input-Output Table for the Nation and 2006 regional data. Industry List A identifies theindustries corresponding to the entries.SOURCE.--Regional Input-Output Modeling System (RIMS II), Regional Product Division, Bureau of Economic Analysis.

6. Each entry in column 6 represents the total change in number of jobs in all industries for each additional job in the industry corresponding tothe entry.

5. Each entry in column 5 represents the total dollar change in earnings of households employed by all industries for each additional dollar ofearnings paid directly to households employed by the industry corresponding to the entry.

4. Each entry in column 4 represents the total dollar change in value added that occurs in all industries for each additional dollar of outputdelivered to final demand by the industry corresponding to the entry.

delivered to final demand by the industry corresponding to the entry. Because the employment multipliers are based on 2006 data, the outputdelivered to final demand should be in 2006 dollars.


2. Each entry in column 2 represents the total dollar change in earnings of households employed by all industries for each additional dollar ofoutput delivered to final demand by the industry corresponding to the entry.

1. Each entry in column 1 represents the total dollar change in output that occurs in all industries for each additional dollar of output delivered tofinal demand by the industry corresponding to the entry.











RIMS II Multipliers (1997/2006)Table 2 Total Multipliers for Output, Earnings, Employment, and Value Added by Detailed Industry

California Benchmark (Type II)

INDUSTRY

Multiplier


Output/1/(dollars)


Employment/3/(jobs)



Employment/6/(jobs)

1111A0 Oilseed farming 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

1111B0 Grain farming 1.9427 0.3392 11.3099 0.9384 3.3391 2.2787

111200 Vegetable and melon farming 1.9246 0.4230 15.3917 1.1245 2.4270 1.8086

1113A0 Fruit farming 2.1294 0.5407 22.1110 1.1317 2.3673 1.6463

111335 Tree nut farming 2.1142 0.5581 20.8052 1.2019 2.2569 1.7286

111400 Greenhouse and nursery production 1.8512 0.5246 21.3346 1.2473 1.8224 1.4519

111910 Tobacco farming 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

111920 Cotton farming 2.3153 0.4983 17.6056 1.0791 3.6504 2.4676

1119A0 Sugarcane and sugar beet farming 2.2416 0.4844 17.3692 1.0510 2.9152 1.9583

1119B0 All other crop farming 1.9976 0.3555 12.2929 1.0022 3.3179 2.1801

112100 Cattle ranching and farming 2.6086 0.4467 15.2726 0.8829 4.3970 2.9277

112300 Poultry and egg production 2.1264 0.3615 10.5563 0.8192 3.5408 2.4077

112A00 Animal production, except cattle and poultry andeggs 2.4049 0.4118 13.4308 0.8095 4.0537 2.6296

113A00 Forest nurseries, forest products, and timber tracts 2.2170 0.4906 15.9869 1.1387 4.8639 4.9141

113300 Logging 1.7284 0.3690 10.1360 0.9278 2.1448 2.1466

114100 Fishing 2.2269 0.6253 23.5190 1.2610 2.2671 1.5740

114200 Hunting and trapping 1.9752 0.4084 20.5502 1.0358 4.0536 1.9798

115000 Agriculture and forestry support activities 2.3322 0.8056 28.4256 1.2894 1.8896 1.5477

211000 Oil and gas extraction 2.0455 0.4439 6.9147 1.0845 2.4777 5.3998

212100 Coal mining 1.9279 0.4796 11.1128 1.0069 2.3008 2.4361

212210 Iron ore mining 2.0517 0.5500 9.3424 0.9393 2.1972 3.6654

212230 Copper, nickel, lead, and zinc mining 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

2122A0 Gold, silver, and other metal ore mining 1.9859 0.5298 9.6400 1.0369 2.1524 3.3236

212310 Stone mining and quarrying 2.0710 0.5698 11.4551 1.1592 2.2163 2.9162

212320 Sand, gravel, clay, and refractory mining 2.0365 0.5689 10.9056 1.1855 2.0670 2.7683

212390 Other nonmetallic mineral mining 2.0222 0.4941 9.7034 1.0747 2.4312 3.2934

213111 Drilling oil and gas wells 2.3303 0.6235 12.6577 1.1880 2.9549 3.8605

213112 Support activities for oil and gas operations 2.4521 0.7722 15.1709 1.3174 2.4094 2.9867

21311A Support activities for other mining 2.4170 0.7213 16.5809 1.2280 2.6695 3.2557

2211A0 Power generation and supply 1.7824 0.4170 7.1909 1.0784 2.1641 4.2079

221200 Natural gas distribution 2.0203 0.3924 6.5618 0.8884 2.9720 5.9321

221300 Water, sewage and other systems 2.0846 0.5736 11.8520 1.2745 2.2950 3.1001

230000 Construction 2.5113 0.8152 19.5738 1.3139 2.1532 2.3179

311111 Dog and cat food manufacturing 1.9427 0.3406 7.1274 0.6819 3.3538 4.6692

311119 Other animal food manufacturing 2.1155 0.3786 8.4746 0.6871 3.7274 4.1126

311211 Flour milling 1.9921 0.3715 8.5655 0.7344 3.6574 4.1196

311212 Rice milling 2.0333 0.3828 9.0467 0.7352 3.7683 3.8894

311213 Malt manufacturing 1.9245 0.3560 8.3444 0.6915 3.5047 3.7391

311221 Wet corn milling 1.9550 0.3555 7.6897 0.7438 3.5003 4.9110

311222 Soybean processing 1.5257 0.2543 6.1145 0.3497 2.5037 2.4758(Continued)


6/19












INDUSTRY

Multiplier


Output/1/(dollars)


Employment/3/(jobs)



Employment/6/(jobs)

311223 Other oilseed processing 2.4196 0.4537 12.0084 0.8241 4.4665 6.4062

311225 Fats and oils refining and blending 1.9572 0.3348 7.3789 0.5700 3.2962 4.1347

311230 Breakfast cereal manufacturing 2.3770 0.4872 10.4420 0.9438 4.7963 6.6343

311310 Sugar manufacturing 2.1988 0.3956 9.2638 0.7691 3.8950 5.6714

311320 Confectionery manufacturing from cacao beans 2.1304 0.4067 9.5171 0.9407 3.5200 4.3519

311330 Confectionery manufacturing from purchasedchocolate 2.1226 0.4153 10.2524 1.0269 3.4626 3.2898

311340 Nonchocolate confectionery manufacturing 2.0232 0.4362 9.7706 1.0363 2.8283 3.0662

311410 Frozen food manufacturing 2.2459 0.4551 11.5695 1.0245 3.6377 3.4437

311420 Fruit and vegetable canning and drying 2.2694 0.4438 10.4662 1.0168 4.0028 4.4801

311511 Fluid milk manufacturing 2.5440 0.4355 11.1211 0.8304 4.2401 5.9972

311512 Creamery butter manufacturing 3.0141 0.5230 13.6299 0.8929 5.1490 4.7557

311513 Cheese manufacturing 2.8447 0.4844 12.5103 0.8547 4.7691 6.1034

311514 Dry, condensed, and evaporated dairy products 2.2292 0.3847 8.9287 0.9236 3.7876 5.6075

311520 Ice cream and frozen dessert manufacturing 2.3121 0.4425 10.2836 0.9609 3.6431 4.0232

311611 Animal, except poultry, slaughtering 2.2376 0.3620 10.5611 0.6152 3.5637 3.7187

311612 Meat processed from carcasses 2.0552 0.3780 9.3165 0.6896 3.3860 3.4128

311613 Rendering and meat byproduct processing 2.0122 0.3736 8.3417 0.8901 3.1633 3.5731

311615 Poultry processing 2.1576 0.4284 11.1009 0.7544 3.1305 2.7939

311700 Seafood product preparation and packaging 2.0403 0.4578 11.3407 0.7677 3.0836 2.8109

31181A Bread and bakery product, except frozen,manufacturing 2.0727 0.5541 14.7064 1.1486 2.1322 1.9528

311813 Frozen cakes and other pastries manufacturing 2.3631 0.5379 13.0127 1.0823 3.1266 2.8921

311821 Cookie and cracker manufacturing 2.0709 0.4521 10.9665 1.0725 2.8219 2.6163

311822 Mixes and dough made from purchased flour 2.0535 0.3737 8.0065 0.9175 3.4169 4.2772

311823 Dry pasta manufacturing 1.9661 0.3678 8.8791 0.9944 3.4155 3.0411

311830 Tortilla manufacturing 2.1303 0.5219 14.2221 1.0601 2.3685 2.0122

311911 Roasted nuts and peanut butter manufacturing 2.4824 0.4801 13.8475 1.0949 4.7267 5.3058

311919 Other snack food manufacturing 2.0584 0.4143 9.4828 1.0215 3.2733 3.7784311920 Coffee and tea manufacturing 2.5926 0.5419 13.3756 1.0236 5.3353 7.2747

311930 Flavoring syrup and concentrate manufacturing 1.5449 0.2487 4.9854 0.9544 2.4486 3.6154

311941 Mayonnaise, dressing, and sauce manufacturing 2.0988 0.3840 8.8159 0.9160 3.7811 3.8837

311942 Spice and extract manufacturing 2.1041 0.4286 9.8890 1.0956 3.4291 4.8636

311990 All other food manufacturing 2.2576 0.4738 11.8757 0.9569 3.2688 3.2825

312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing 2.1439 0.3886 8.0030 0.8610 3.7814 5.2555

312120 Breweries 1.9186 0.3450 6.6976 1.0256 3.3898 5.7700

312130 Wineries 2.2519 0.4444 10.7546 1.0195 4.1010 4.5692

312140 Distilleries 1.6830 0.2919 5.6142 1.0541 2.8681 4.4975

312210 Tobacco stemming and redrying 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

312221 Cigarette manufacturing 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

312229 Other tobacco product manufacturing 1.6031 0.2821 6.6949 0.9861 2.7716 2.5166

(Continued)


7/19












INDUSTRY

Multiplier


Output/1/(dollars)


Employment/3/(jobs)



Employment/6/(jobs)

313100 Fiber, yarn, and thread mills 2.0786 0.4388 13.1898 0.8000 2.9029 2.4152

313210 Broadwoven fabric mills 2.1156 0.4963 12.8913 0.8779 2.5713 2.5409

313220 Narrow fabric mills and schiffli embroidery 2.0286 0.5812 14.5961 1.0176 2.0754 2.0160

313230 Nonwoven fabric mills 1.9205 0.4107 9.4564 0.8258 2.5547 2.7393

313240 Knit fabric mills 1.9561 0.4488 12.7678 0.7879 2.4083 2.0444

313310 Textile and fabric finishing mills 2.1131 0.4629 12.6595 0.7880 2.8513 2.4289

313320 Fabric coating mills 2.0085 0.4535 9.9445 0.9373 2.5669 3.0580

314110 Carpet and rug mills 1.7331 0.3239 7.8763 0.6939 2.6518 2.7061

314120 Curtain and linen mills 1.9154 0.4236 11.7426 0.8601 2.4609 2.1376

314910 Textile bag and canvas mills 2.2537 0.6309 15.5689 1.0530 2.2257 2.2141

314992 Tire cord and tire fabric mills 1.6882 0.3464 8.8167 0.6856 2.3084 2.1695

31499A Other miscellaneous textile product mills 2.0941 0.5425 14.6923 0.9359 2.2994 2.0588

315111 Sheer hosiery mills 1.8789 0.4788 14.4787 0.8432 2.1327 1.7363

315119 Other hosiery and sock mills 1.9491 0.5054 11.7787 0.8684 2.1737 2.2947

315190 Other apparel knitting mills 2.0905 0.5065 13.2637 0.8760 2.3832 2.2984

315200 Cut and sew apparel manufacturing 2.2404 0.5232 14.4462 1.0161 2.7959 2.4396

315900 Accessories and other apparel manufacturing 2.1825 0.5660 14.6470 1.0402 2.3825 2.2519

316100 Leather and hide tanning and finishing 1.9489 0.3642 8.0759 0.6802 2.8061 3.3375

316200 Footwear manufacturing 2.2314 0.5642 14.7394 0.9820 2.6419 2.2671

316900 Other leather product manufacturing 1.9325 0.4689 12.7123 1.0207 2.2592 1.9584

321113 Sawmills 1.9095 0.3755 9.4617 0.7452 2.7416 2.7894

321114 Wood preservation 2.0955 0.3844 9.9526 0.6829 3.7886 3.1302

32121A Veneer and plywood manufacturing 1.9409 0.4321 11.5096 0.7990 2.4375 2.2204

32121B Engineered wood member and truss manufacturing 2.0605 0.4932 12.7255 0.9443 2.3915 2.2459

321219 Reconstituted wood product manufacturing 1.9162 0.4016 9.2897 0.8630 2.5172 2.6849

321911 Wood windows and door manufacturing 2.1510 0.5250 13.1311 0.9846 2.4847 2.4000

321912 Cut stock, resawing lumber, and planing 2.0773 0.4443 11.7643 0.8175 2.7677 2.4335

321918 Other millwork, including flooring 2.1844 0.5193 13.2044 0.9120 2.5646 2.4159

321920 Wood container and pallet manufacturing 2.1183 0.5285 15.1194 0.9478 2.3347 1.9777

321991 Manufactured home, mobile home, manufacturing 2.0838 0.4779 11.8647 0.9271 2.5737 2.4766

321992 Prefabricated wood building manufacturing 2.2318 0.5400 13.3815 0.9551 2.6534 2.5737

321999 Miscellaneous wood product manufacturing 2.1404 0.5647 15.3221 1.0282 2.2731 2.0280

322110 Pulp mills 2.1260 0.4776 9.7494 0.8945 2.7803 4.0097

3221A0 Paper and paperboard mills 1.9430 0.4004 8.2715 0.8729 2.8371 3.7384

322210 Paperboard container manufacturing 1.8719 0.4325 9.0879 0.7785 2.3502 2.7664

32222A Coated and laminated paper and packaging materials 1.9411 0.4000 8.5421 0.8775 2.9165 3.4441

32222B Coated and uncoated paper bag manufacturing 2.0231 0.4723 10.7166 0.8705 2.6434 2.7011

322225 Flexible packaging foil manufacturing 2.1781 0.4436 10.2409 0.8552 3.1397 3.1750

322226 Surface-coated paperboard manufacturing 1.9909 0.3934 8.9727 0.7094 3.4312 3.4536

322231 Die-cut paper office supplies manufacturing 2.0315 0.4695 10.4686 0.8773 2.7503 2.8972

322232 Envelope manufacturing 2.1711 0.5734 12.4979 0.9716 2.4373 2.6895

(Continued)


8/19












INDUSTRY

Multiplier


Output/1/(dollars)


Employment/3/(jobs)



Employment/6/(jobs)

322233 Stationery and related product manufacturing 1.8909 0.3893 9.5982 0.8374 2.9147 2.5572

322291 Sanitary paper product manufacturing 1.8913 0.3489 7.1819 0.8104 3.3094 4.6701

322299 All other converted paper product manufacturing 1.9794 0.4766 10.8284 0.9877 2.4965 2.5788

32311A Commercial printing 2.1585 0.6092 13.9105 1.0791 2.1987 2.3380

323116 Manifold business forms printing 1.8629 0.4327 9.8183 0.9608 2.3189 2.5280

323117 Books printing 2.0775 0.5933 13.3324 1.0780 2.0942 2.2750

323118 Blankbook and looseleaf binder manufacturing 2.0979 0.5274 13.8929 0.9932 2.4778 2.2248

323121 Tradebinding and related work 2.2936 0.7713 21.8613 1.3243 1.9393 1.7294

323122 Prepress services 2.3093 0.8053 16.4232 1.3798 1.9317 2.3703

324110 Petroleum refineries 1.9811 0.3509 5.8101 0.6199 3.4558 9.0343

324121 Asphalt paving mixture and block manufacturing 2.6772 0.5627 10.1102 0.9845 4.1352 7.6941

324122 Asphalt shingle and coating materials manufacturing 2.5133 0.6771 12.4619 1.1372 2.4790 3.7749

324191 Petroleum lubricating oil and grease manufacturing 2.6489 0.6156 11.2268 1.0338 3.1530 5.0682

324199 All other petroleum and coal products manufacturing 2.3332 0.5887 12.2110 1.0253 2.4309 2.6612

325110 Petrochemical manufacturing 2.2887 0.4357 8.2982 0.8478 4.3122 7.1751

325120 Industrial gas manufacturing 1.9577 0.4142 7.3464 1.1293 3.1287 5.9852

325130 Synthetic dye and pigment manufacturing 2.0679 0.4622 9.2349 0.9550 3.0982 3.8931

325180 Other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing 2.1052 0.4710 8.6727 1.0635 3.1794 5.5467

325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing 2.1704 0.4299 8.1936 0.8407 3.9599 6.7410

325211 Plastics material and resin manufacturing 2.0204 0.3735 7.3242 0.7588 3.6970 5.1585

325212 Synthetic rubber manufacturing 2.0143 0.4051 8.5991 0.8862 3.2628 3.4554

325221 Cellulosic organic fiber manufacturing 2.0624 0.5076 11.0197 1.0133 2.6806 2.8803

325222 Noncellulosic organic fiber manufacturing 2.0745 0.4628 10.4950 0.9202 3.2170 2.9999

325311 Nitrogenous fertilizer manufacturing 2.1733 0.4098 8.4010 0.9126 4.0561 4.3085

325312 Phosphatic fertilizer manufacturing 2.3816 0.4772 9.7069 0.8891 4.7234 6.9713

325314 Fertilizer, mixing only, manufacturing 2.0963 0.3923 8.2463 0.8507 3.8829 4.4847

325320 Pesticide and other agricultural chemicalmanufacturing 1.8118 0.3324 6.5134 0.9122 3.2900 4.9654

325400 Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing 2.2211 0.4681 8.3133 1.1212 3.4753 7.0052

325510 Paint and coating manufacturing 1.9480 0.4010 8.0943 0.8476 2.9822 3.8660

325520 Adhesive manufacturing 2.0711 0.4385 8.3712 0.9251 3.1306 4.9136

325611 Soap and other detergent manufacturing 2.0547 0.3918 7.5941 0.9794 3.8779 6.3421

325612 Polish and other sanitation good manufacturing 2.0142 0.3965 7.7390 1.0403 3.5079 5.3810

325613 Surface active agent manufacturing 2.2698 0.4497 8.2370 0.8667 3.7791 7.2337

325620 Toilet preparation manufacturing 1.9516 0.3749 7.9368 1.0320 3.5091 4.2476

325910 Printing ink manufacturing 2.0701 0.4454 8.5928 0.8814 3.0266 4.3047

325920 Explosives manufacturing 2.1466 0.6025 11.9095 1.1685 2.0717 2.7017

325991 Custom compounding of purchased resins 1.9359 0.4051 8.9209 0.7856 2.6872 2.9382

325992 Photographic film and chemical manufacturing 1.8929 0.4283 8.7575 0.9780 2.4979 3.2157

325998 Other miscellaneous chemical product manufacturing 2.1558 0.4643 9.3485 0.9455 3.2954 4.3879

326110 Plastics packaging materials, film and sheet 1.9455 0.4150 9.4308 0.8580 2.6340 2.7494(Continued)


9/19












INDUSTRY

Multiplier


Output/1/(dollars)


Employment/3/(jobs)



Employment/6/(jobs)

326120 Plastics pipe, fittings, and profile shapes 1.9793 0.4301 9.5183 0.8476 2.6517 2.8770

326130 Laminated plastics plate, sheet, and shapes 2.0481 0.4833 10.6146 0.9708 2.5764 2.8393

3261A0 Foam product manufacturing 1.9718 0.4243 10.3598 0.8761 2.6091 2.4579

326160 Plastics bottle manufacturing 1.9387 0.4105 9.6368 0.8819 2.5697 2.6323

326192 Resilient floor covering manufacturing 1.7722 0.3709 7.3490 0.9632 2.4492 3.3406

32619A Plastics plumbing fixtures and all other plasticsproducts 2.0447 0.5161 12.2868 0.9934 2.2626 2.2708

326210 Tire manufacturing 1.9376 0.4588 11.2759 0.8614 2.3143 2.2348

326220 Rubber and plastics hose and belting manufacturing 1.9847 0.4744 10.6785 0.9692 2.3878 2.6018

326290 Other rubber product manufacturing 2.0641 0.5187 12.9431 0.9892 2.3317 2.2241

327111 Vitreous china plumbing fixture manufacturing 2.0619 0.5870 13.8060 1.1982 2.0883 2.1201

327112 Vitreous china and earthenware articlesmanufacturing 2.2346 0.6895 18.0549 1.2450 2.1064 1.9135

327113 Porcelain electrical supply manufacturing 2.2763 0.6634 13.7454 1.2260 2.2829 2.8268

327121 Brick and structural clay tile manufacturing 2.1977 0.6190 13.8533 1.2020 2.2178 2.3758

327122 Ceramic wall and floor tile manufacturing 2.2293 0.6232 15.5779 1.1684 2.2783 2.1096

32712A Clay refractory and other structural clay products 2.2096 0.5462 11.8125 1.0656 2.6767 3.0623

327125 Nonclay refractory manufacturing 1.9871 0.4982 9.6452 1.0554 2.3214 3.2823

327213 Glass container manufacturing 2.1029 0.5223 10.3763 1.0826 2.4283 3.2965

32721A Glass and glass products, except glass containers 2.0320 0.5004 10.8500 1.0786 2.3954 2.7196

327310 Cement manufacturing 1.9043 0.3684 7.1596 1.0303 3.0032 4.4555

327320 Ready-mix concrete manufacturing 2.2273 0.5185 10.7514 1.0713 2.7718 3.4267

327331 Concrete block and brick manufacturing 2.2699 0.5933 12.8744 1.1811 2.4902 2.8387

327332 Concrete pipe manufacturing 2.1742 0.5666 12.0385 1.1221 2.3675 2.8326

327390 Other concrete product manufacturing 2.2177 0.6182 13.7744 1.1828 2.2540 2.4580

327410 Lime manufacturing 2.1293 0.4858 9.5515 1.0150 2.6662 3.6297

327420 Gypsum product manufacturing 1.8870 0.3670 7.6528 0.8598 2.9605 3.7682

327910 Abrasive product manufacturing 1.8943 0.4351 9.8570 1.0090 2.4042 2.6152

327991 Cut stone and stone product manufacturing 2.1969 0.6524 15.7823 1.1527 2.1547 2.1510327992 Ground or treated minerals and earths manufacturing 1.7267 0.3687 7.6614 1.0554 2.2661 2.8185

327993 Mineral wool manufacturing 1.9541 0.4634 9.7006 1.0461 2.3275 2.8269

327999 Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products 2.0411 0.4869 11.1575 1.1063 2.4475 2.5254

331111 Iron and steel mills 1.9488 0.4121 8.1212 0.7765 2.8650 4.2656

331112 Ferroalloy and related product manufacturing 1.7917 0.3646 8.6008 0.8687 2.5290 2.4834

331210 Iron, steel pipe and tube from purchased steel 1.8060 0.3726 7.0895 0.7958 2.5008 3.7553

331221 Rolled steel shape manufacturing 1.9572 0.3673 7.3705 0.7021 3.3266 4.8121

331222 Steel wire drawing 1.8723 0.4105 8.5880 0.8554 2.4605 2.9667

331311 Alumina refining 1.9838 0.4100 9.5407 0.7421 2.8458 2.7882

331312 Primary aluminum production 1.8382 0.3527 7.5880 0.6695 2.7802 3.0708

331314 Secondary smelting and alloying of aluminum 1.9668 0.3787 7.7764 0.6711 3.7208 5.4261

331315 Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil manufacturing 1.9245 0.3448 7.3580 0.6328 3.3876 4.1249

(Continued)


10/19












INDUSTRY

Multiplier


Output/1/(dollars)


Employment/3/(jobs)



Employment/6/(jobs)

331316 Aluminum extruded product manufacturing 1.9479 0.4214 8.9445 0.7356 2.4970 2.9479

331319 Other aluminum rolling and drawing 1.7741 0.3013 5.8851 0.5976 2.9598 4.5215

331411 Primary smelting and refining of copper 1.4409 0.2273 5.5063 0.3207 2.2328 2.2405

331419 Primary nonferrous metal, except copper andaluminum 1.7912 0.3537 7.1115 0.6123 2.7361 3.6491

331421 Copper rolling, drawing, and extruding 1.6538 0.3041 6.3063 0.5423 2.6368 3.3575

331422 Copper wire, except mechanical, drawing 2.0096 0.4200 8.9298 0.7348 2.9636 3.5703

331423 Secondary processing of copper 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

331491 Nonferrous metal, except copper and aluminum,shaping 1.9540 0.4187 9.0968 0.7464 2.7704 3.1980

331492 Secondary processing of other nonferrous 1.9827 0.4341 8.7324 0.7674 2.8987 4.0951

331510 Ferrous metal foundries 2.1223 0.6252 13.4816 1.0796 2.0939 2.3801

33152A Aluminum foundries 2.1652 0.6054 14.1412 0.9954 2.1867 2.2482

33152B Nonferrous foundries, except aluminum 2.1962 0.6227 13.9036 1.0785 2.2021 2.4338

332111 Iron and steel forging 1.9816 0.4924 10.8038 0.9872 2.2594 2.5392

332112 Nonferrous forging 1.9213 0.4580 9.3504 0.9879 2.2336 2.8425

332114 Custom roll forming 1.9686 0.4372 9.5313 0.8585 2.5398 2.8933

33211A All other forging and stamping 2.0766 0.5667 13.4390 1.0476 2.1534 2.2003

332211 Cutlery and flatware, except precious, manufacturing 1.8513 0.4152 8.6823 1.0853 2.4400 3.0044

332212 Hand and edge tool manufacturing 2.0766 0.5854 13.3908 1.1398 2.1353 2.2665

332213 Saw blade and handsaw manufacturing 2.0027 0.5264 12.4014 1.0937 2.1782 2.2396

332214 Kitchen utensil, pot, and pan manufacturing 2.0265 0.4707 10.5102 0.9258 2.5698 2.8888

332311 Prefabricated metal buildings and components 2.1327 0.5141 12.0013 0.9037 2.5549 2.5788

332312 Fabricated structural metal manufacturing 1.9661 0.4673 10.2848 0.9753 2.3236 2.6183

332313 Plate work manufacturing 2.0369 0.5886 13.8970 1.1027 1.9939 2.0620

332321 Metal window and door manufacturing 2.0044 0.4831 11.7403 0.9814 2.3449 2.2743

332322 Sheet metal work manufacturing 2.0766 0.5712 13.1914 1.0980 2.1100 2.2242

332323 Ornamental and architectural metal workmanufacturing 2.0420 0.5494 12.6628 1.0490 2.1366 2.2503

332410 Power boiler and heat exchanger manufacturing 1.9667 0.5349 11.5606 1.0616 2.0495 2.3543

332420 Metal tank, heavy gauge, manufacturing 2.0168 0.5390 11.9960 1.0347 2.1376 2.3620

332430 Metal can, box, and other container manufacturing 2.0458 0.3868 8.2973 0.7448 3.2016 3.8199

33299A Ammunition manufacturing 2.2734 0.6286 13.7872 1.1224 2.4044 2.6354

332994 Small arms manufacturing 2.0138 0.5501 12.1519 1.1298 2.1988 2.4253

332995 Other ordnance and accessories manufacturing 1.9510 0.6018 12.1640 1.2629 1.8736 2.2635

332500 Hardware manufacturing 1.9727 0.5007 11.2138 1.0281 2.2243 2.4514

332600 Spring and wire product manufacturing 1.9812 0.5199 12.7376 1.0231 2.1212 2.1016

332710 Machine shops 2.3636 0.7774 17.5590 1.2956 2.0973 2.2575

332720 Turned product and screw, nut, and boltmanufacturing 2.0833 0.6069 13.6897 1.1519 2.0494 2.2561

332811 Metal heat treating 2.1180 0.5534 12.0839 1.1374 2.3072 2.5392

332812 Metal coating and nonprecious engraving 1.9711 0.4655 11.7997 0.9948 2.3099 2.1338(Continued)


11/19












INDUSTRY

Multiplier


Output/1/(dollars)


Employment/3/(jobs)



Employment/6/(jobs)

332813 Electroplating, anodizing, and coloring metal 2.2556 0.7236 18.3068 1.2798 1.9831 1.9256

332910 Metal valve manufacturing 1.9306 0.4785 9.9342 1.0572 2.2501 2.8003

332991 Ball and roller bearing manufacturing 2.0451 0.5515 12.1407 1.0763 2.3315 2.5294

332996 Fabricated pipe and pipe fitting manufacturing 1.9492 0.4918 11.5037 1.0016 2.1880 2.2518

332997 Industrial pattern manufacturing 2.2978 0.8382 20.8802 1.4000 1.8629 1.8379

332998 Enameled iron and metal sanitary ware manufacturing 1.8158 0.4125 9.1804 1.0568 2.2605 2.4873

332999 Miscellaneous fabricated metal productmanufacturing 2.1226 0.5547 12.8838 1.0663 2.3367 2.4666

333111 Farm machinery and equipment manufacturing 1.9218 0.4255 9.0765 0.9191 2.7143 3.1835

333112 Lawn and garden equipment manufacturing 1.8717 0.3602 8.6444 0.7839 3.2887 2.9908

333120 Construction machinery manufacturing 2.0218 0.4431 9.6344 0.8568 2.9428 3.2594

333131 Mining machinery and equipment manufacturing 1.9857 0.4797 10.1151 0.9703 2.4864 2.9363

333132 Oil and gas field machinery and equipment 2.2822 0.5561 11.3342 1.0477 2.8803 3.7576

333210 Sawmill and woodworking machinery 2.2062 0.6077 13.7454 1.0701 2.3778 2.5023

333220 Plastics and rubber industry machinery 2.0129 0.5191 11.7532 1.0921 2.3294 2.4539

333291 Paper industry machinery manufacturing 2.0924 0.5644 11.5183 0.9690 2.3126 2.8934

333292 Textile machinery manufacturing 2.1401 0.6082 17.0884 1.1250 2.2232 1.8697

333293 Printing machinery and equipment manufacturing 2.3378 0.6498 12.9904 1.1320 2.4758 3.2597

333294 Food product machinery manufacturing 2.1550 0.6009 13.1777 1.1124 2.2885 2.5479

333295 Semiconductor machinery manufacturing 2.2092 0.5126 9.5087 1.0387 3.1933 6.5871

333298 All other industrial machinery manufacturing 2.2262 0.6107 12.1253 1.0981 2.3888 3.1952

33331A Automatic vending, commercial laundry anddrycleaning machinery 2.1044 0.5075 12.0794 0.9894 2.6133 2.5094

333313 Office machinery manufacturing 2.2194 0.4921 9.4911 1.0160 3.1414 4.8218

333314 Optical instrument and lens manufacturing 2.2461 0.6339 11.5592 1.1845 2.3181 3.6736

333315 Photographic and photocopying equipmentmanufacturing 2.1926 0.4772 10.0192 1.0438 3.2106 3.9202

333319 Other commercial and service industry machinerymanufacturing 2.3333 0.5961 12.1870 1.0638 2.6030 3.2312

333411 Air purification equipment manufacturing 2.0549 0.5384 12.8938 1.0518 2.3160 2.2611

333412 Industrial and commercial fan and blowermanufacturing 2.0378 0.5424 11.4627 1.0458 2.2442 2.6379

333414 Heating equipment, except warm air furnaces 1.9568 0.4879 10.7051 1.0848 2.2677 2.5407

333415 AC, refrigeration, and forced air heating 2.1175 0.4947 10.5569 0.9131 2.8584 3.3704

333511 Industrial mold manufacturing 2.3191 0.8156 18.4300 1.3305 1.9129 2.0766

333512 Metal cutting machine tool manufacturing 2.2106 0.6199 12.3806 1.1352 2.3909 3.1105

333513 Metal forming machine tool manufacturing 2.1435 0.6243 13.5087 1.1732 2.1786 2.4368

333514 Special tool, die, jig, and fixture manufacturing 2.3536 0.8088 17.4166 1.3108 1.9931 2.2602

333515 Cutting tool and machine tool accessorymanufacturing 2.2334 0.6891 16.3427 1.2127 2.1137 2.1198

33351A Rolling mill and other metalworking machinery 2.1183 0.5921 13.8131 1.0882 2.2497 2.2746

333611 Turbine and turbine generator set unitsmanufacturing 1.8881 0.4288 7.8794 0.9981 2.4936 4.2871

(Continued)


12/19












INDUSTRY

Multiplier


Output/1/(dollars)


Employment/3/(jobs)



Employment/6/(jobs)

33361A Speed changers and mechanical power transmissionequipment 2.0215 0.5548 11.0757 1.0716 2.1599 2.7753

333618 Other engine equipment manufacturing 1.8873 0.3912 8.2549 0.8174 2.9211 3.5810

333911 Pump and pumping equipment manufacturing 2.0842 0.5386 10.9732 1.0287 2.4034 3.0592

333912 Air and gas compressor manufacturing 2.0073 0.4807 10.1581 1.0138 2.5607 3.0487

333913 Measuring and dispensing pump manufacturing 2.2750 0.5690 11.4659 1.0733 2.8432 3.8319

333921 Elevator and moving stairway manufacturing 2.1653 0.5573 12.8115 0.9720 2.5044 2.5364

333922 Conveyor and conveying equipment manufacturing 2.1208 0.5895 13.2020 1.0754 2.2231 2.3940

333923 Overhead cranes, hoists, and monorail systems 2.0815 0.4982 10.9541 0.9827 2.6184 2.8458

333924 Industrial truck, trailer, and stacker manufacturing 2.1794 0.5167 11.8651 0.8896 2.9106 2.8651

333991 Power-driven handtool manufacturing 1.9829 0.4456 8.9574 1.0128 2.7736 4.0062

333992 Welding and soldering equipment manufacturing 2.0499 0.5166 10.3181 0.9700 2.3777 3.1170

333993 Packaging machinery manufacturing 2.1419 0.6167 12.8333 1.1447 2.1900 2.6155

333994 Industrial process furnace and oven manufacturing 2.0701 0.5560 11.0577 1.0958 2.2735 2.9323

333995 Fluid power cylinder and actuator manufacturing 2.1170 0.5973 11.9067 1.1390 2.2227 2.8969

333996 Fluid power pump and motor manufacturing 2.1706 0.5901 11.1912 1.1125 2.4304 3.5929

33399A Scales, balances, and miscellaneous general purposemachinery 2.1316 0.5879 12.0869 1.1017 2.2712 2.7997

334111 Electronic computer manufacturing 2.4749 0.5093 9.1388 0.9491 5.0235 13.2387

334112 Computer storage device manufacturing 2.1381 0.4717 8.2593 0.9809 3.0975 6.0345

334113 Computer terminal manufacturing 2.4269 0.5925 10.6847 1.0199 3.1285 5.7895

334119 Other computer peripheral equipment manufacturing 2.4901 0.6199 11.5888 1.0949 3.0827 4.9257

334210 Telephone apparatus manufacturing 2.1489 0.4639 8.1855 1.0782 3.0499 6.0285

334220 Broadcast and wireless communications equipment 2.2926 0.5511 9.8087 1.1160 2.7461 4.6560

334290 Other communications equipment manufacturing 2.3305 0.6212 11.6057 1.1798 2.5695 3.9112

334300 Audio and video equipment manufacturing 2.4234 0.5221 10.3577 0.9208 4.1145 6.1036

334411 Electron tube manufacturing 2.2046 0.5554 9.8546 0.9756 2.6616 5.2914

334413 Semiconductors and related device manufacturing 1.8422 0.3900 6.6997 1.1162 2.7614 6.0992

33441A All other electronic component manufacturing 2.3534 0.5988 12.8039 1.0918 2.6926 2.9639334510 Electromedical apparatus manufacturing 2.2167 0.6070 10.9087 1.0693 2.3742 4.0430

334511 Search, detection, and navigation instruments 2.3196 0.7155 12.1027 1.2741 2.1261 3.7451

334512 Automatic environmental control manufacturing 2.1872 0.6014 12.4082 1.1682 2.3663 2.8420

334513 Industrial process variable instruments 2.3236 0.6706 13.2648 1.2025 2.3632 3.2236

334514 Totalizing fluid meters and counting devices 2.1915 0.5347 11.1948 1.0172 2.6966 3.2543

334515 Electricity and signal testing instruments 2.1559 0.5670 10.3730 1.1754 2.3795 3.6391

334516 Analytical laboratory instrument manufacturing 2.4527 0.7095 13.6568 1.1928 2.4869 3.9977

334517 Irradiation apparatus manufacturing 2.2523 0.5491 10.5473 1.0045 2.8213 4.3120

33451A Watch, clock, and other measuring and controllingdevice manufacturing 2.3177 0.6720 13.3669 1.1850 2.3299 2.9699

334611 Software reproducing 1.9357 0.5247 9.5670 1.1393 1.9350 2.7601

334612 Audio and video media reproduction 1.9669 0.4947 11.0161 1.1105 2.2780 2.4283

334613 Magnetic and optical recording media manufacturing 2.2887 0.5637 11.1260 0.9827 2.9512 5.7446

(Continued)


13/19












INDUSTRY

Multiplier


Output/1/(dollars)


Employment/3/(jobs)



Employment/6/(jobs)

335110 Electric lamp bulb and part manufacturing 2.0476 0.4923 10.8850 1.0568 2.5597 2.8093

335120 Lighting fixture manufacturing 2.2478 0.5545 12.3206 1.0575 2.8826 3.1384

335211 Electric housewares and household fanmanufacturing 2.0930 0.4561 11.0065 0.9671 3.1967 2.8689

335212 Household vacuum cleaner manufacturing 2.0916 0.4766 12.5228 0.9982 2.9791 2.4151

335221 Household cooking appliance manufacturing 2.1685 0.4821 10.7431 0.9531 3.2704 3.5073

335222 Household refrigerator and home freezermanufacturing 2.1673 0.5080 11.5055 0.9065 2.8685 2.9941

335224 Household laundry equipment manufacturing 2.1230 0.4637 9.5222 0.8560 3.2747 4.8465

335228 Other major household appliance manufacturing 2.1969 0.4745 10.5443 0.9798 3.4023 3.7966

335311 Electric power and specialty transformermanufacturing 2.1531 0.5223 11.0860 1.0029 2.7835 3.2558

335312 Motor and generator manufacturing 2.0612 0.5060 11.0413 0.9722 2.5666 2.8476

335313 Switchgear and switchboard apparatusmanufacturing 2.0123 0.5066 10.7664 1.0679 2.4155 2.7876

335314 Relay and industrial control manufacturing 2.3589 0.6263 12.9884 1.0997 2.6547 3.1896

335911 Storage battery manufacturing 2.0064 0.4850 10.1924 0.9090 2.5245 3.0250

335912 Primary battery manufacturing 1.9298 0.3939 7.9573 0.9843 3.0813 4.4172

335921 Fiber optic cable manufacturing 1.9864 0.4138 8.0953 0.9405 2.9183 4.6078

335929 Other communication and energy wire manufacturing 1.8847 0.3762 8.6725 0.7948 2.8075 2.8648

335930 Wiring device manufacturing 2.0316 0.5222 10.9109 1.0826 2.3999 2.8614

335991 Carbon and graphite product manufacturing 1.9465 0.4635 9.6674 1.0803 2.4038 2.8887

335999 Miscellaneous electrical equipment manufacturing 2.3616 0.6236 12.4815 1.0657 2.6689 3.4864

336110 Automobile and light truck manufacturing 1.8565 0.3433 7.0398 0.6323 3.3813 6.4540

336120 Heavy duty truck manufacturing 1.7570 0.3140 6.5265 0.5874 3.0923 4.0160

336211 Motor vehicle body manufacturing 2.1894 0.4946 11.2106 0.8386 3.1426 3.2907

336212 Truck trailer manufacturing 2.0683 0.4692 10.2207 0.8091 2.7160 3.1647

336213 Motor home manufacturing 2.0550 0.4404 10.3638 0.7482 3.0804 2.9570

336214 Travel trailer and camper manufacturing 2.1096 0.5070 12.4631 0.8949 2.5272 2.4337

336300 Motor vehicle parts manufacturing 2.1280 0.5197 11.5599 0.9235 2.6392 2.8529

336411 Aircraft manufacturing 2.4318 0.6273 11.3128 1.0367 2.9680 5.0388

336412 Aircraft engine and engine parts manufacturing 1.9056 0.4723 8.5027 0.9544 2.2866 3.6685

336413 Other aircraft parts and equipment 2.3294 0.6990 13.4937 1.2049 2.2717 3.1087

336414 Guided missile and space vehicle manufacturing 2.3892 0.6318 10.7097 1.2286 2.8533 5.8735

33641A Propulsion units and parts for space vehicles andguided missiles 2.5218 0.8179 14.3021 1.3827 2.2670 3.5338

336500 Railroad rolling stock manufacturing 2.0417 0.4720 9.2190 0.8317 2.7342 3.9217

336611 Ship building and repairing 2.3280 0.7202 14.6749 1.2061 2.0855 2.5903

336612 Boat building 1.9617 0.4731 10.6551 0.9455 2.3080 2.4831

336991 Motorcycle, bicycle, and parts manufacturing 2.2392 0.5496 12.1956 0.9318 2.8529 3.0417

336992 Military armored vehicles and tank partsmanufacturing 2.4258 0.6519 11.6538 1.1319 2.7316 5.5209

336999 All other transportation equipment manufacturing 1.8600 0.3742 8.0501 0.8482 3.0169 3.4886

(Continued)


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INDUSTRY

Multiplier


Output/1/(dollars)


Employment/3/(jobs)



Employment/6/(jobs)

337110 Wood kitchen cabinet and countertop manufacturing 2.1151 0.5753 14.8188 1.0614 2.1571 2.0658

337121 Upholstered household furniture manufacturing 2.3698 0.6256 17.3250 1.0289 2.4756 2.1590

337122 Nonupholstered wood household furnituremanufacturing 2.1626 0.5858 16.4345 1.0702 2.2578 1.9454

337124 Metal household furniture manufacturing 2.0848 0.5305 13.7392 1.0682 2.3322 2.1390

337127 Institutional furniture manufacturing 2.0604 0.5440 13.2547 1.0843 2.2211 2.2229

33712A Other household and institutional furniture 2.1124 0.5436 13.9801 0.9809 2.2905 2.1153

337211 Wood office furniture manufacturing 2.1537 0.5901 15.0226 1.0961 2.2306 2.1255

337212 Custom architectural woodwork and millwork 2.1321 0.6718 15.6556 1.2239 1.9165 2.0479

337214 Office furniture, except wood, manufacturing 2.0376 0.4997 11.9442 1.0471 2.3769 2.4372

337215 Showcases, partitions, shelving, and lockers 2.0970 0.5857 14.5929 1.1112 2.0885 2.0592

337910 Mattress manufacturing 2.1473 0.4791 11.8884 0.9689 2.9062 2.7902

337920 Blind and shade manufacturing 2.0649 0.4966 13.3905 0.9976 2.4540 2.1416

339111 Laboratory apparatus and furniture manufacturing 2.4255 0.7309 13.3621 1.2300 2.3151 3.7439

339112 Surgical and medical instrument manufacturing 2.1840 0.5939 10.7227 1.2199 2.3886 3.9895

339113 Surgical appliance and supplies manufacturing 2.1028 0.5405 10.1591 1.1468 2.4482 3.6593

339114 Dental equipment and supplies manufacturing 2.1556 0.5993 11.2641 1.1602 2.3089 3.3229

339115 Ophthalmic goods manufacturing 2.1130 0.5873 11.4171 1.2008 2.2958 3.2000

339116 Dental laboratories 2.3725 0.7585 16.5181 1.2978 2.0582 2.2716

339910 Jewelry and silverware manufacturing 2.0698 0.5080 11.8770 0.9386 2.5541 2.6150

339920 Sporting and athletic goods manufacturing 2.3394 0.5735 12.1811 1.0593 2.9581 3.7672

339930 Doll, toy, and game manufacturing 2.0977 0.5036 10.1646 1.0537 2.5570 3.5875

339940 Office supplies, except paper, manufacturing 1.9468 0.4661 10.1993 1.0647 2.3421 2.6471

339950 Sign manufacturing 2.3393 0.6946 15.4067 1.1613 2.1537 2.4412

339991 Gasket, packing, and sealing device manufacturing 2.0535 0.5669 11.9392 1.0694 2.0731 2.4694

339992 Musical instrument manufacturing 2.3898 0.6941 15.5084 1.2400 2.3616 2.5974

339994 Broom, brush, and mop manufacturing 2.0608 0.5343 11.6060 1.0595 2.2784 2.6546

339995 Burial casket manufacturing 1.7695 0.3948 9.8301 1.0301 2.2057 2.1267

33999A Buttons, pins, and all other miscellaneousmanufacturing 2.1716 0.5701 12.5944 1.0930 2.3504 2.6660

420000 Wholesale trade 2.1526 0.6612 13.9140 1.3259 2.0708 2.6536

4A0000 Retail trade 2.2840 0.7163 23.0723 1.3584 2.1208 1.6961

481000 Air transportation 2.5677 0.7111 15.5073 1.2335 2.8562 4.2281

482000 Rail transportation 2.1772 0.6014 11.7339 1.2305 2.3108 3.3245

483000 Water transportation 2.5779 0.6240 12.9149 1.1469 4.5624 7.0206

484000 Truck transportation 2.3169 0.6480 15.7204 1.2269 2.4118 2.4384

485A00 Transit and ground passenger transportation 2.5192 0.8350 30.4693 1.3371 2.0952 1.5551

486000 Pipeline transportation 2.5361 0.6691 13.1879 1.1740 2.9780 5.6564

48A000 Scenic and sightseeing transportation and supportactivities for transportation 2.5730 0.8481 17.8116 1.4196 2.2782 2.8349

492000 Couriers and messengers 2.2593 0.7329 20.3929 1.3756 1.9592 1.8307

493000 Warehousing and storage 2.2788 0.8176 21.8625 1.4446 1.7593 1.7546

(Continued)


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INDUSTRY

Multiplier


Output/1/(dollars)


Employment/3/(jobs)



Employment/6/(jobs)

511110 Newspaper publishers 2.1317 0.7061 16.6340 1.3040 1.9172 1.9866

511120 Periodical publishers 2.1209 0.5767 11.7973 1.2077 2.2517 2.8581

511130 Book publishers 2.0989 0.5192 10.8616 1.1164 2.5273 3.1998

5111A0 Database, directory, and other publishers 1.9061 0.4684 9.8968 1.1844 2.2053 2.6521

511200 Software publishers 2.1882 0.7143 12.6920 1.3726 1.9755 3.5828

512100 Motion picture and video industries 2.9416 0.8025 19.1150 1.4115 3.1125 3.3479

512200 Sound recording industries 2.0178 0.4244 9.6973 1.1928 2.9653 3.4705

513100 Radio and television broadcasting 3.1694 0.9255 18.3543 1.5068 3.1527 5.7743

513200 Cable networks and program distribution 2.5558 0.6529 13.4615 1.3385 2.9101 4.1291

513300 Telecommunications 2.1445 0.5468 10.7507 1.2354 2.4726 3.5794

514100 Information services 2.5629 0.9932 21.6924 1.5149 1.8424 2.2146

514200 Data processing services 2.3378 0.8658 16.7867 1.4520 1.8417 2.6323

52A000 Monetary authorities and depository creditintermediation 1.8980 0.4919 10.5871 1.2661 2.2224 2.7829

522A00 Nondepository credit intermediation and relatedactivities 1.9682 0.5179 10.2795 1.2598 2.3269 3.6412

523000 Securities, commodity contracts, investments 2.6277 0.9844 17.9481 1.5237 2.0755 3.1006

524100 Insurance carriers 2.5560 0.7136 14.0213 1.3740 2.8520 3.8175

524200 Insurance agencies, brokerages, and related 1.9801 0.6194 12.7731 1.3622 1.8706 2.3208

525000 Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles 3.1589 0.8855 16.1605 1.3572 7.6616 14.2854

531000 Real estate 1.7494 0.3154 9.9050 1.1495 3.1043 2.3897

S00800 Owner-occupied dwellings 1.3227 0.0902 2.1879 0.9933 0.0000 0.0000

532100 Automotive equipment rental and leasing 1.8466 0.4087 10.4902 1.1817 2.5539 2.6066

532A00 General and consumer goods rental except videotapes and discs 2.0808 0.6216 16.5172 1.3292 2.0310 2.0085

532230 Video tape and disc rental 2.1055 0.5025 20.0809 1.3261 2.2709 1.5397

532400 Machinery and equipment rental and leasing 1.8126 0.4309 9.2161 1.2223 2.2402 3.0517

533000 Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets 1.1973 0.1585 2.3700 1.0813 1.5622 2.8368

541100 Legal services 2.4040 0.9539 17.0289 1.5649 1.7581 2.7578

541200 Accounting and bookkeeping services 2.3720 0.9395 23.8022 1.5504 1.7409 1.8092

541300 Architectural and engineering services 2.2897 0.8379 18.4293 1.4865 1.8767 2.3101

541400 Specialized design services 2.2686 0.7676 23.5694 1.4126 1.9780 1.7418

541511 Custom computer programming services 2.3544 0.9325 17.7118 1.5126 1.7448 2.5467

541512 Computer systems design services 2.4079 0.9554 18.4399 1.5360 1.7877 2.6045

54151A Other computer related services, including facilitiesmanagement 2.1549 0.6206 13.0965 1.2826 2.2515 3.1537

541610 Management consulting services 2.3346 0.8929 21.4952 1.5026 1.7891 2.0171

5416A0 Environmental and other technical consultingservices 2.1315 0.7404 20.0161 1.4146 1.8390 1.8376

541700 Scientific research and development services 2.3954 0.8879 16.4394 1.4603 1.8479 2.8316

541800 Advertising and related services 2.3199 0.7541 16.2336 1.4123 2.0694 2.7403

541920 Photographic services 2.2459 0.7362 15.8781 1.3809 1.9409 2.4725

(Continued)


16/19












INDUSTRY

Multiplier


Output/1/(dollars)


Employment/3/(jobs)



Employment/6/(jobs)

541940 Veterinary services 2.6181 0.8690 17.0178 1.4258 2.0942 3.0091

5419A0 All other miscellaneous professional and technicalservices 1.7160 0.3928 7.1813 1.2128 2.2247 4.6963

550000 Management of companies and enterprises 2.3602 0.8841 15.8707 1.5046 1.8030 2.6491

561300 Employment services 2.0523 0.8493 30.2953 1.5258 1.5685 1.3712

561500 Travel arrangement and reservation services 2.4820 0.8312 21.2580 1.4258 2.1783 2.1044

561100 Office administrative services 2.2819 0.8499 18.1459 1.4920 1.8460 2.3753

561200 Facilities support services 2.1374 0.8029 19.6864 1.4700 1.7339 1.8740

561400 Business support services 2.1204 0.6786 19.7475 1.3682 1.9514 1.7888

561600 Investigation and security services 2.2365 0.9053 31.9822 1.5346 1.6718 1.4322

561700 Services to buildings and dwellings 2.3535 0.7663 29.4265 1.3892 2.0791 1.5960

561900 Other support services 2.0223 0.5968 16.4090 1.3006 2.0125 1.9190

562000 Waste management and remediation services 2.3291 0.6750 15.2658 1.2843 2.2938 2.6522

611100 Elementary and secondary schools 2.6099 0.9157 31.6791 1.5049 1.9217 1.5955

611A00 Colleges, universities, and junior colleges 2.5698 0.9078 27.0359 1.4844 1.8836 1.7556

611B00 Other educational services 2.2354 0.6590 24.9332 1.3365 2.2198 1.6204

621A00 Offices of physicians, dentists, and other healthpractitioners 2.3628 0.9356 19.4380 1.5450 1.7420 2.1732

621600 Home health care services 2.4000 0.9508 28.5638 1.5389 1.7526 1.6063

621B00 Other ambulatory health care services 2.5360 0.8757 20.3899 1.4311 2.0674 2.3265

622000 Hospitals 2.5265 0.8950 20.4436 1.4536 1.9677 2.2751

623000 Nursing and residential care facilities 2.5223 0.9628 31.1335 1.5184 1.8181 1.6383

624400 Child day care services 2.3401 0.7262 34.8677 1.3385 2.0269 1.3871

624A00 Social assistance, except child day care services 2.5194 0.8790 34.4690 1.4237 1.9636 1.4826

711100 Performing arts companies 2.7654 0.9324 42.8041 1.5253 2.2897 1.5112

711200 Spectator sports 2.5413 1.0041 29.2000 1.5895 1.8867 1.8223

711A00 Promoters of performing arts and sports and agentsfor public figures 2.5076 0.7967 34.2205 1.4576 2.2951 1.6098

711500 Independent artists, writers, and performers 2.6964 0.8496 24.1733 1.4520 2.4108 2.7481

712000 Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks 2.5767 0.8171 20.3440 1.3984 2.2301 2.5464

713940 Fitness and recreational sports centers 2.4944 0.8172 37.5693 1.4320 2.0066 1.3934

713950 Bowling centers 2.2993 0.7477 36.2138 1.3631 1.9472 1.3454

713A00 Other amusement, gambling, and recreationindustries 2.2607 0.7578 25.9070 1.3923 1.8967 1.5650

7211A0 Hotels and motels, including casino hotels 2.1505 0.6874 20.7874 1.3535 1.9137 1.6885

721A00 Other accommodations 2.0695 0.5333 18.1770 1.2130 2.3111 1.7399

722000 Food services and drinking places 2.4449 0.7732 34.7273 1.2977 1.9660 1.4031

8111A0 Automotive repair and maintenance, except carwashes 2.1118 0.6226 19.4849 1.1347 2.0512 1.7455

811192 Car washes 2.0495 0.6324 29.5434 1.3366 1.9255 1.3606

811200 Electronic equipment repair and maintenance 2.2687 0.7923 19.9078 1.3554 1.8206 1.8524

811300 Commercial machinery repair and maintenance 2.0774 0.6926 17.9390 1.3055 1.8023 1.8043

(Continued)


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INDUSTRY

Multiplier


Output/1/(dollars)


Emp

multipliers in measuring economic impacts

Documents