Multifunctionality of pastoralism: develop models

to assess the multiple functions and values of

grassland systems

V.Blanfort, Cirad S.Forman, Worldbank-LGA B.Hubert, Inra-Agropolis A.Ickowicz, Cirad J.Lasseur, Inra C.Marguerat, Swiss Govt-GASL J-F Tourrand, Cirad G.VelascoGil, FAO-PKH L.Wederburn, Agresearch

Pastoral Knowledge Hub Partner Meeting, Rome, April 3rd, 2017

Multifunctionality of pastoralism

• Where does it come from?

• New livestock partnerships

• Why multifunctionality?

• What expectations?

Where does it come from ?

• LIvestock Farming and LOcal Development (LIFLOD) : International research network

• IRCs Workshops :

• Global Agenda for Sustainable Livestock

• Pastoral Knowledge Hub

- Hohhot : Functional Integrity 2008 - Rosario : Livestock Farming and Local Devpt 2011 - Saskatoon : Multifunctionality of Pastoralism local/global 2016

New Livestock Partnership

• Global Agenda for Sustainable Livestock (GASL)

Multi-StakeHolder Partnership initiated by FAO in 2011

Action Network : « Restoring Value to Grassland »

http://www.livestockdialogue.org

• Large International Project initiatives (LGA)

Sahel and Horn Africa/World Bank; OIE; FAO; IFAD; LatAm

http://www.livestockglobalalliance.org

• Pastoral Knowledge Hub

Share knowledge among pastoralists and partners. 2015

http://www.fao.org/pastoralist-knowledge-hub

Why Multifunctionality of pastoralism?

• Multifunctionality of agriculture not a new concept

….but fostered by Sustainable Development framework

and present context (SDGs)

• Not so much implemented in Pastoral development project or research programs

• Underestimation of the roles of pastoralism

(ex : kg product/animal; kg GHG/kg product)

• Need for more hollistic analytical framework and tools

• Link and coordination between local and global level and between stakeholders >> GASL AN2 « Grasssland »

Why Multifunctionality of pastoralism?

• Multifunctionality of agriculture not a new concept

….but fostered by Sustainable Development framework

and present context (SDGs)

• Not so much implemented in Pastoral development project or research programs

• Underestimation of the roles of pastoralism

(ex : kg product/animal; kg GHG/kg product)

• Need for more hollistic analytical framework and tools

• Link and coordination between local and global level and between stakeholders >> GASL AN2 « Grasssland »

GASL Action Network 2 :

“Restoring value to grassland”

o Primary objective : “To maintain, restore and enhance environmental and economic value of grasslands, while promoting their social and cultural functions globally”. o 3 main outputs:

• Share information on pastoral development experiences • Tools to assess functions and values of grasslands • Capacity building for stakeholders

Social point of view

Local development point of view

Production point of view

Ecosystem services point of view Pastoral systems

4 dimensions

Multifunctionality of pastoralism

Synergies and trade-offs?

Social Local development

Production

Ecosystem services

Conceptual Model: Detailed components and processes for each value set

Conceptual Model: Contribution of livestock to the values (synergies and trade-offs)

Social Local development

Production

Ecosystem services

Assess Social values

LGSystem

Society

Group Actor Relationship

LocalNetworking

SocialIntegration

SocialEntity

FamilyTribe

Capacity

SkillExperience Knowledge

Leadership HealthCare

OrganizationInstitutionInstitutionType

formal

unformal

Identity

Category

+ nom : string

Attribute

Role

Farmer

NGO/CSO

PolicyMaker Investor

ServiceProvider

Consumer

BasicService

VetService

FinancialService

Breeder

SocialFunction

Age Gender

SocialAttribute

Education Profession

Religion

SenseOfBelonging

Ritual

History

Rule

PastoralIdentity Ethnicity

Territory

Ecosystem

LandAccess GrazingRight SocialPositionAccess

1

from

1

1 to 1

*

*

access

1..* 1

qualifies

3..**

*

capacities

*

implements

1 *1

institutionType

1

*

defines1

1attributes

*

11

socialFunction

attributes

*

1

Training

Nb services

Nb credit

Farmer

Assess Production values LGSystem

+ efficiency : double

+ resilience : string+ vulnerability : string

Breeder

RangeLand

+ biomass : double+ surface : double

Product

+ name : string

Market

+ price : double

+ availability : double

Milk Meat

Leather

Wool

Manure

Operation

+ duration : double

+ cost : double+ labourForce : double

Transformation

Income

History

+ variability : double+ average : double

Stock

+ quantity : string

Herd

+ sanitaryStatus : string+ sexRatio : double

Animal

+ breed : string

QualityNorm

Quality

Storage

Marketing

Transportation Purchase

Institution

Breeding

Objective

AdvisoryService

FeedStuff

1

income

1

operations

1

*

*

position1

of

*

1

1

good

1

good

1

1

from

1

*

*

1

to

*

inputs

+

*

qualities

1

*

*

norms

1

*

1stocks

*

outputs

*

0..1objectives

*

*

0..1

availableServices

Liters/day

Kg Feed

$ / day

Farmer

Assess local development impact

LGSystem

Actor

LocalGovernment

Income

Competence

Activity

+ percentage : double

Strategy

Zoning

+ %grassland : double

Tax

NationalGovernment

Policy

Sector

Trade Agriculture IndustryService

Infrastructure

WaterInfrastructure TrailGrazingPath

FarmerMarket AnimalFarming

SlaughterHouse

+ volume : double

VetService AgriTourism

LiveStock

Suprastate

Role

Value Chain

Processor Consumer Producer Distributor Supplier

Agroindustry

Financial

StoreSubsidy

Breeder

Road

ServiceType

public

private

*

competences1

1 *

activities

0..1

*

roles

strategies1

*

* 1

requiredCompetences

1

*

sector

1

*policies

1

type

1

1on

1..*

1

*

breeds

roles

1

income

1

organization1 *

LGSystem

+ efficiency : double

+ resilience : string+ vulnerability : string

Breeder

RangeLand

+ biomass : double+ surface : double

Product

+ name : string

Market

+ price : double

+ availability : double

Milk Meat

Leather

Wool

Manure

Operation

+ duration : double

+ cost : double+ labourForce : double

Transformation

Income

History

+ variability : double+ average : double

Stock

+ quantity : string

Herd

+ sanitaryStatus : string+ sexRatio : double

Animal

+ breed : string

QualityNorm

Quality

Storage

Marketing

Transportation Purchase

Institution

Breeding

Objective

AdvisoryService

FeedStuff

1

income

1

operations

1

*

*

position1

of

*

1

1

good

1

good

1

1

from

1

*

*

1

to

*

inputs

+

*

qualities

1

*

*

norms

1

*

1stocks

*

outputs

*

0..1objectives

*

*

0..1

availableServices

Nb Livestock employment

GDP

Nb factories

Farmer

Assess ecosystem values

LGSystem

Actor Air

Plot

+ porosité : double

+ CEC : double

HydrographicElement

Breeder

WaterContainer

+ quantity : double

Gate

+ flux : double

LiveStock

+ quantity : integer

Strategy

MineralSoilFertilization

ManureStrategy

IrrigationStrategy

AccessStrategy

MobilityStrategy

HerdManagement

WaterUseStrategy

AnimalWaterAccessStrategy

Biomass

MineralCompositionOrganicComposition

Granulometry

BiomassActivity

Degradation

PhotoSynthesis

Respiration

Growth

GazComposition

Source SinkLiveStockActivity

Digestion

Excretion

Trampling

Grazing

LandUse

agroforestry

nativePasture

annualPasture

perennialPasture

pluriannualPasture

crop

ChemicalPollution

+ concentrationThreshold : string

OrganicPollution

+ C threshold : double

AirPollution

+ GHGThreshold : double

Biodiversity

Climate

+ temperature : double+ precipitation : double

PhysicalElement

Context

Activity

SoilPreparation

RegulationService

FirstIntervention

Specie

+ name : string

+ quantity : double

ForageSpecie

Lixiviation

Mineralization

*

1 1

1

1

strategies

1..*

1

biomass

1

1 1

texture

activities 11..*

1

gazComposition

*

1

1

organicComposition

1

*

position

1

1..*

activities 1

landuse

1

1

1basedOn

1

basedOn 1 basedOn 1

1

1

in

*

1

*

out

basedOn

*

1

*

1

mineralComposition

*

*connections

1

activity

1

1 1

context

1..*

1

activities

1basedOn

*

1populations*

1

activity

1

1

activity

1

Kg/ha

KgOM/ha

LU/ha

Biodiversity Nb sp /ha

Climate kgCO2Eq/ha

Farmer

Next steps

• Finalise a first version of the Multifunctionality Conceptual Model for Grassland Systems

• Test actions and options on ground that needs to manage synergies and trade-offs between functions

• From this MCM, Develop operational models for various stakeholders

(Policy makers; Development projects; Research programs)