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Multicast Support in Ad hoc Wireless Extensions to Fixed IP Networks:
The MIND Approach
Multicast Support in Ad hoc Wireless Extensions to Fixed IP Networks:
The MIND Approach
Pedro M. Ruiz, Agora Systems S.A.Antonio Gómez-Skarmeta, Univ. of Murcia
Wireless Going IP International Project SummitLeganés, 14th November 2002
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OutlineOutline
• Introduction to MIND• Introduction and problem definition• Multicast requirements and interoperation issues• Proposed multicast architecture• Operation of the MMARP protocol• Conclusions and future work
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MIND Project StructureMIND Project Structure• RTD project of the IST
Programme of the EU• Duration: Jun 01 - Nov 02• Website: http://www.ist-mind.org
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MIND VisionMIND Vision
AAL2Switching
Cloud
IP-based micro-mobility
ISSL QoS
IP backboneDiffServIP - macro mobility management
Global Internet
Billing SIP Proxy Server
SP Server Farm
AAA
ADSL
GGSN Gateway
BRAINAccess Routers
MIND Wireless Routers
MIND Mobile Routers
Hiperlan/2
Hiperlan/802.11
Bluetooth
UMTSVerticalHandover
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The IP Multicast modelThe IP Multicast model
Hosts
Routers
Protocols between Hosts and Routers (IGMP)
Multicast Routing Protocols (PIM, DVMRP, CBT,...)
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RequirementsRequirements
• Compatibility with IP multicast protocols• Unchanged terminal APIs• RPF-Check compatible address management• Efficient routing inside the ad hoc fringe• Scalability• Low signalling overhead• Resilience• Robustness• Interdomain multicast routing compatibility
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MIND Multicast Scenario and problemsMIND Multicast Scenario and problems
IP access network
Local mobilityISSLL QoS
CoreCore IPIPNetworkNetwork
BRAIN
MIND Access Router
MIND Wireless Routers
MIND Mobile
Routers
MIND
• TTL and shared medium issues of IGMP
• Responsiveness ofIGMP
• Support of a multi-homed AHF
• Uplink and downlink multicast support
• Having a single group management protocol
• Multicast routing protocol for fixed networks are not suitable for ad hoc networks
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Proposed architectureProposed architecture
MSDP/MBGP RP BARBMG
BB
D D
Ad Hoc extension BAN Core network for AS
No tunnel carrying all IGMP and data packets is needed for every end node. A real m ulticast support is provided.
Additional signalling between FHMR and RP
Multicast traffic to/from external dom ains
CC
FHMR for the Internet
FHMR for nodes
Upper layersTCP/UDP
IPL2/PHY
IGMP
Upper layersTCP/UDP
IPL2/PHY
IGMPMMARP
MMARP.- Multicast MAnet Routing Protocol
IPL2/PHY
IGMPIP
L2/PHY
PIM-SM
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Example of AHF multicastingExample of AHF multicasting
MMARP Join
MMARP Join
IGMP Report
BARRPD D D C
IGMP ReportPIM Join
Data Data
Data Data
Data
MIG
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Functional Model for the Mcast ArchFunctional Model for the Mcast Arch
Global MobilityManagement
Local MobilityManagement
MobilityManagement
Router Part IGMP
AddressManagement
AddressManagement
MSDPPeering
MBGPPeering
Rendez-VousPoint
PIMJoining
PIMRegistration
RouteManagement
IGMP Generation
IGMP Translation
IGMP Processing
Route Management
TrafficManagement
Host PartIGMP
TrafficManagement
Core Network Access Network Ad hoc Fringe Std IP node
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Escalability and Max. BandwidthEscalability and Max. Bandwidth
Stored Entries vs. number of receivers (n=100)
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
# of receivers
Entr
ies
TunnelAd hoc p ro t
Max Bandwidth vs. number of receivers (n=100)
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
# of receivers
Kbp
s TunnelAd hoc p ro t
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Escalability (100 groups)Escalability (100 groups)Bandwidth consumption (n=100)
0
1000000000
2000000000
3000000000
4000000000
5000000000
6000000000
7000000000
8000000000
1 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50# of receivers
Kbp
s
Tunnel K=0Tunnel K=0.5Tunnel K=1Ad ho c K=0Ad ho c K=0.5Ad ho c K=1
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The MMARP ProtocolThe MMARP Protocol
• Specially designed for Mobile Ad hoc network extensions• Completely compatible with the standard IP multicast
model• Introduces the concept of MIG (Multicast Internet
Gateways)• MMARP Nodes are challenged with IGMP processing
capabilities• Compatible with any IP Multicast routing protocol in the
fixed network• Routes to the fixed network are kept proactively while the
ad hoc ones are learnt “on-demand”.• Preserves the efficiency of ad hoc multicast routing and
offers support of standard IP nodes.
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MMARP MessagesMMARP Messages
• MMARP_Source– Used by sources to initiate backward learning
• MMARP_Join– Used by receivers to create multicast paths
• MMARP_Dfl_Route– Used by MIGs to advertise Internet connections
• MMARP_ACK– Active acknowledgement of MMARP_Joins
• MMARP_NACK– Link break recovery during the joining process
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MMARP State diagramMMARP State diagram
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MMARP OverheadMMARP Overhead
Flooding
ODMRP
MMARP
Tot
al B
W (
b/s)
Flooding
ODMRP
MMARP
Tot
al B
W (
b/s)
Flooding
ODMRP
MMARP
Tot
al B
W (
b/s)
Flooding
ODMRP
MMARP T
otal
BW
(b/
s)
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ConclusionsConclusions
• We’ve analysed the problem multicasting in ad hoc extensions to fixed IP networks
• We’ve designed an architecture which we demonstrated to be very efficient and scalable
• MMARP becomes a key piece for our multicast solution. • To preserve compatibility, ad hoc multicast routing
protocols should be challenged with new functionalities as in the case of MMARP
• Overhead analysis and trials demonstrate a good scalability and performance compared with well-known multicast ad hoc routing protocols, like ODMRP.
• Other IST-projects have expressed their interest in this protocol
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AcknowledgementsAcknowledgementsThis work has been performed in the framework of the IST project IST-2000-28584 MIND, which is partly funded by the European Union. The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions of their colleagues from Siemens AG, British Telecommunications PLC, Agora Systems S.A., Ericsson Radio Systems AB, France Télécom S.A., King's College London, Nokia Corporation, NTT DoCoMo Inc, Sony International (Europe) GmbH, T-Systems Nova GmbH, University of Madrid, and Infineon Technologies AG.