1

Multi-Scale Control of Power

Electronics for Power Systems

NSF Workshop

IIT, Chicago, Illinois

2019

Sudip K. Mazumder, Fellow, IEEEDistinguished Lecturer, IEEE Power Electronics Society

Editor-at-Large, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics

Chair, IEEE PELS TC on Sustainable Energy Systems

Director, Lab for Energy and Switching-Electronics Systems (LESES)

Professor, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

University of Illinois at Chicago

President, NextWatt LLC

Acknowledgements: NSF,

ONR, ARPA-E, DOE

Power Electronics for Power Systems: Overview

2

Power Electronic

s for Power

Systems

Smart / Micro Grid

DERs / Energy Storage

Solid-State

Transformer

HVDC / MVDC

Electric Vehicles

Fault Isolation

and Protectio

n

Naval and

Aerospace Power Systems

Power Quality

Some Basic Background about Power-Electronic Systems (PES) Control

3

PES

{AC, DC} {AC, DC}

ChopperInverter

RectifierCyclocon

verter

PES

{AC, DC} {AC, DC}

What do we fundamentally control in a PES?

Semiconductor devices

Control

PES

{AC, DC} {AC, DC}

What about voltage, current, power, etc.?

They are control objectives

ControlObjectives

voltage,

current,

power, …..

Some Basic Background about Power-Electronic Systems (PES) Control

Control

PES

{AC, DC} {AC, DC}

Because the semiconductor devices

are switched under hard saturation

with near-impulse transition that

triggers almost broad-band response

Slow scale Fast scale

Fast scale accounts for

switching loss, EMI noise,

device dv/dt and di/dt

stress, edge-control

bandwidth

Multi-scale

Why is PES control multi-scale even

if the control objective(s) typically

evolve(s) on mono-scale?

Multi-scale Control Vision?

4

Multi-scale control of PES

Converter

Layer

(10 s – 1 ms)

Hardware

Layer

(0.05 s – 1 s )

Switching

Layer

(1 s – 10 s )

Multi-scale control of PE Network

Converter

Layer

(10 s – 1 ms)

Hardware

Layer

(50 ns – 1 s )

Switching

Layer

(1 s – 10 s )

System/Cyber

Layer

(> 1 s)

Application

Layer

(1 ms – 1 s )

Source:

https://microgridknowledge.

com/us-doe-sees-

enormous-benefit-in-

integrating-microgrids-

nationwide/

Spatial ScalabilityTemporal ScalabilityPEN Control

using Droop

(Gen 1.0)

PEN Control

using Self-

Synchronization

(Gen 2.0)

PEN Control

using Cyber-

Physical Interface

(Gen 3.0)

PEN Multi-scale

Control w/wo

Cyber-Physical

Interface

(Gen 4.0)

MPPT Regulation

Power Quality Load Sharing

Tracking Switching Loss EMI

Dv/dtProtection

THANK YOU!

5

Sudip K. Mazumder (mazumder@uic.edu; +1 312-355-1315)Fellow, IEEEDistinguished Lecturer, IEEE Power Electronics SocietyEditor-at-Large, IEEE Transactions on Power ElectronicsChair, IEEE PELS TC on Sustainable Energy Systems

Professor, Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringDirector, Laboratory for Energy and Switching-Electronic SystemsUniversity of Illinois at Chicago

President, NextWatt LLC

Multi-scale Control of Power-electronic / Solid-state Transformer

6

PV

Biofuel Utility

Connection

Standalone

Loads

Power Electronics Interface

Geo-thermal plants

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

x 10-4

0

50

100

150

Vd V

oltage (

V)

Time (Sec)

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

x 10-4

0

10

20

30

Id C

urr

ent

(A)

Time (Sec)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

x 10-3

0

50

100

150

Vd

Vol

tage

(V)

Time(Sec)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

x 10-3

0

10

20

30

Id C

urre

nt(A

)

Time(Sec)

State-of-the-art synchronous-frame control

Single-objective multi-scale control

(Switching) PES

Averaged Model of the PES

Continuous Control Modulation

Conventional PES Control Design Approach

Multi-scale with multiple

feasible switching sequences

Slow

scaleFixed switching sequence;

modulation not an integral part

(Switching)PES

Discontinuous Model of the PES

Switching-Sequence Generation

Multi-scale PES Control Design Approach

A. Tajfar and S.K. Mazumder, “Sequence-based control of an isolated

dc/ac matrix inverter”, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol.

31, no. 2, pp. 1757-1773, 2016.

Stability

Prediction of the

W/NBG-PES Feasible

Switching Sequences

WBG/NBG-PES

Power

Stage

WBG/NBG-PES

Discontinuous

Dynamical Model

Optimal

Performance

Control of the

WBG/NBG-PES

WBG/NBG-PES

Topological and

Switching Behaviors

Reachable

Switching

Sequences

Feasible

Switching

Sequences

State Prediction at

the end of the

Time Horizon

WBG/NBG-PES

Power

Stage Observer

(Optional)

Offline Optimal

Switching

Sequences

Sensor Output

Feedback and/or

Estimated Feedback

Online

WB

G/N

BG

: W

ide/

Na

rrow

Ban

dgap

VR: Voltage

regulation

VR+SLR: Voltage

regulation and

switching loss

reduction

Dual-objective

multi-scale control