Multi-modal Transport in

NORTH AMERICAPresented by: R. Nilaveni Reddy

Rajat Tyagi

Vikhyath Kumar

S Shravya

Rajat Agarwal

North America • It is bordered to the north by the Arctic

Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the west and south by the Pacific Ocean and to the southeast by South America and the Caribbean Sea.

• It has an area about 24,709,000 square kilometers.

• 23 countries 

• In 2013, its population was estimated at 565 million people in 23 independent states.

• The transportation shows :road : 60% rail:

10%pipeline: 18% sea: 8%air: 0.01%

United States : Roadways

• Roadway links with adjacent countries and non-contiguous parts of the United States

Canada - Yes.Mexico - Yes.Alaska - Yes, via Canada and the Alaska Marine Highway in Washington

• It combines two extensive road and highway networks of United States : Federal Interstate Highway and Regional US Highway Map.

• 6.58 million km in total length• 4.3 million km of paved roads and 2.3 of unpaved roads.

• It includes two other road-highway systems: State Highways and County Highways.

• The largest percentage of United States freight is carried by roadways ie. trucks (60%).

• The value of shipments through trucks within United States increased from $11,165 billion in 2002 to $13000 billion in 2013.

• The weight of shipments increased from 11,900 million tonnes in 2002 to 14,600 million tonnes in 2013.

United States: Railways (10%)

• 240,000 km of mainline track in the United States

• National bottleneck in Chicago and the Midwest

• List of major United States railroads Amtrak. BNSF Railway. Canadian National Railway. Canadian Pacific Railway. CSX Transportation. Kansas City Southern Railway. Norfolk Southern Railway. Union Pacific Railroad.

• Association of American Railroads 

• The value of shipments through rail within United States increased from $468 billion in 2002 to $645 billion in 2013.

• The weight of shipments increased from 1980 MT in 2002 to 2016 MT in 2013.

United States: Airways (0.1%)

• Perishables and premium express shipments.

• Transportation Security Administration

• The value of shipments within United States through air decreased from $372 billion in 2002 to $332 billion in 2013.

• The weight of shipments remained almost constant from 2002 to 2013 with 5MT annually.

• Major airports in terms of cargo traffic:John F Kennedy, Louisville, Memphis, Los Angeles, Indianapolis, Northern Kentucky, Fort

Worth

United States: Waterways• 12,000 miles of navigable

waterway • 230 lock sites that manage 275

lock stations• Mississippi System is the

primary inland waterway system

• Stretching from Minnesota to Louisiana, and capturing traffic from the Illinois, Missouri and Ohio River systems.

United States: Ports (8%)• The Ports of the United States handle more than 2 billion metric tons of domestic and

import/export cargo annually.• Commodities :  petroleum, grain, steel, automobiles, and containerized goods.• The value of shipments within United States through seaways increased from $113 billion in

2002 to $180 billion in 2013.• The weight of shipments decreased from 680 MT in 2002 to 570 MT in 2013.• Major ports in United States : Everglades, Tacoma, Charleston, Oakland, Houston, Norfolk,

Seattle, Savannah, New York, Los Angeles • Major container ports in United Nations : Los Angeles, Long Beach, New York/ New Jersey

• The ports are regulated under “American Association of Port Authorities”

United States: Pipeline (18%)• The United States has the largest network of energy pipelines in the world (2.4 million

miles )• There are approximately 72,000 miles of crude oil lines in the U.S. that connect regional

markets.

ALASKA: Roadways

• Alaska Highway : 1,420 miles of highway (Alaska-Canadian Highway, or ALCAN Highway) from Dawson Creek to Delta Nelson

Other state highways are listed below: • Dalton Highway : 414-mile (666 km) from Elliott

Highway to Deadhorse  • Elliott Highway : 152 miles (245 km) from Fox

to Manley Hot Springs. • Glenn Highway : 179 miles (288 km)

from Anchorage to Glennallen. • Haines Highway : 244 km (152 mi).

Connects Haines with Haines Junctions, Yukon, Canada.

• Klondike Highway : links the Alaskan coastal town of Skagway to Yukon's Dawson City.  

• Parks Highway : 323 miles (520 km) from the Glenn Highway to Fairbanks in the Alaska Interior.

• Richardson Highway: 368 miles (562 km) connecting Valdez to Fairbanks.

• Seward Highway : 125 miles (201 km) from Seward to Anchorage• Steese Highway : 161 miles (259 km) from Fairbanks to Circle• Sterling Highway: 138-mile-long (222 km) from the Seward Highway at

Tern Lake Junction, to Homer.• Taylor Highway: Alaska Route 5. 160 miles (258 km) from Tetlin

Junction to Eagle.• Tok Cut-Off : 125 miles (201 km) from Gakona Junction to Tok on

the Alaska Highway.

• The Alaska Railroad operates for 547 miles of track.

Coastal classic routeDenali star routeGlacier discovery routeHurricane turn route• Freight transportation is Alaska

Railroad's core business, accounting for nearly 80 percent of total revenue.

• Bulk items like oil, coal, military equipment etc. is transported through rail.

ALASKA : Railways

ALASKA : Airways• International Air Transport Association (IATA)• The major airlines that operate from this airport include: Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport (Anchorage). Fairbanks International Airport (Fairbanks), Juneau International Airport (Juneau) and Ketchikan International Airport (Ketchikan).• In 2015, Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport was ranked as the fourth busiest airport

in the world by cargo traffic. • Air Cargo value of shipments grew from 19 billion dollars in 2002 to more than 24 billion

dollars in 2013.

• Inside Passage : Coastal route for oceangoing vessels along a network of passages which weave through the islands on the Pacific coast of North America.

• Starts in Puget Sound in Washington and then extends north, first along the British Columbia Coast and then the Alaska Panhandle.

• The area encompasses 1,000 islands, 15,000 miles (24,000 km) of shoreline and thousands of coves and bays.

ALASKA : Waterways

•  Alaska Marine Highway is Alaska's well-developed state-owned ferry system which serves the cities of southeast, the Gulf Coast and the Alaska Peninsula.

• Operates along the south-central coast of the state, the eastern Aleutian Islands and the Inside Passage of Alaska and British Columbia, Canada.

• The route length if of 3,500 miles (5,600 km)

ALASKA : Ports• Total 64 Ports • 3 major ports : Port of Anchorage Port of Valdez Port of Ketchikan• Port of Anchorage is one of the major

transshipment facilities in the state• It moves more than 4 million tons of freight

every year.• Ocean shipping is Alaska's main link to the rest

of the world.

Alaska : Pipeline

• The Alaska gas pipeline is a project to develop a natural gas pipeline under the Alaska Gas Inducement Act.

• Length : 1,715 mi (2,760 km)• From Alaska North Slope to Calgary, Alberta

MEXICO

Roadways

• Most widely used transport.• National network consists of 50,000 km roads

of federal jurisdiction with nearly 9000km toll roads with approximately 80,000 km of state highways, 170,000 km rural roads and 70,000 km improved gaps.

•  The roadway network in Mexico has an extent of 370,000 km (227,481 mi), of which 116,802 km (72,577 mi) are paved, making it the largest paved-roadway network in Latin America.

• Mexico's Federal Highway 85 connects Mexico City with the U.S. border at Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipa. Length: 1,213 km

MEXICO : RailwaysMexican state authorities started to privatize railway system in 1995: Railway Terminal del

Valle de Mexico Total route length 26,767 km.They carry 28% of freight moving inside Mexico, with import and export movements

accounting for 50% of rail cargo.Incorporated modern systems for bidirectional use of roads, new operating patios,

communications with high technology and devices AEI for dynamic train location. The transverse rail corridors link major seaports that have rail connectivity.Growth of 3.6 % in Mexican rail freight volumes in 2014 (118,248mn tonnes)

The major Class I freight railroads in Mexico include:Ferromex (FXE) Kansas City Southern de México (KCSM)

Short line railroads include:Ferrocarril y Terminal del Valle de México (Ferrovalle)Linea Coahuila Durango (LFCD)Ferrosur (FSRR)Baja California Railroad (BJRR)Ferrocarril Transistmico

MEXICO : WaterwaysMexico consists of 11,500 km of coastline around 117 different ports out of which 68 are

container ports.40% of cargo that came through the country’s port infrastructure was hydrocarbons

followed by bulk products.Maximum frequencies of service are the ports of Manzanillo and Lázaro Cárdenas on the

Pacific coast, and Veracruz and Altamira on the Gulf coast. Mexico maintains international maritime trade relations with countries on 5 continents,

while contributing over 95% of the tonnage of containerized cargo moving in Mexican ports.

PORTS• Cargo handled in ports increased from 241

million tones in 2009 to 289 million tones in 2014.

Port Total Cargo (Metric Tons) - 2013

Lazaro Cardenas 30,781,903Manzanillo 25,923,821Veracruz 20,530,234Altamira 15,333,440Isla de Cedros 15,234,436Punta Venado 9,064,845Guerrero Negro 7,573,513Coatzacoalcos 7,052,059Guaymas 5,832,015

MEXICO : AirwaysMexican airport system consists of 85 airports.

12 assigned to Pacific Airport Group (GAP) 13 at Central-North Airport Group (OMA) 9 to Southeast Airport Group (ASUR) 24 are managed by ASA and 27 by the secretaries of National Defense and the Navy, as well as various state

and municipal governments. It has most advanced infrastructure.Third largest number of airports by country in the world.BMI forecast shows growth of 3.8% in air freight sector in 2014.

Mexico : Pipeline• PEMEX operates a pipeline network in Mexico, connecting major production centers with

domestic refineries and export terminals. • PEMEX pipeline network measured approximately 68,693 km in length. 53,772 km are

currently operational and 14,921 km are out of operation.

2014 : +365 km

2016 : + 1,944 km 2017 : +1,021 km

• Approximately 8,573 km : crude oil, • 8,461 km: petroleum products and

petrochemicals• 13,877 km: natural gas, • 1,538 km : LPG, • 1,350 km: basic and secondary petrochemicals,

CANADA : Roadways• More than 1.3 million two-lane equivalent lane-kilometres of public road.

34 per cent of the road network is paved, while 66 per cent is unpaved.

• National Highway System (NHS) included over 38,000 lane-kilometres of which: • 73 per cent was classified as Core

routes; • 12 per cent as Feeder routes; and • 15 per cent as Northern and Remote

routes. • Trucking transportation is the primary activity.

• The value of trucking traffic between Canada and the U.S. totalled $371 billion in 2014 (automotive products, machinery and electrical equipment, other manufactured products, and agricultural products).

CANADA : Railways• The Canadian Rail System currently has 45,742 route-kilometres (km) of track:

Canadian National (CN) owns 49.2 per cent (22,517 km); Canadian Pacific (CP) owns, 26.1 per cent (11,927 km); and Other railways own 24.7 per cent (11,298 km).

• Total rail freight carried in 2014 was estimated at 320.2 million tonnes, most of which consisted of bulk commodities.

• There was 174,000 carload movements crude oil and 350,000 carload movements of grain in 2014.

CANADA : Airways

• 10 major international airports, 300 smaller airports.

• In 2014, Canadian and foreign air carriers at Canadian airports loaded and unloaded an estimated 1.1 million tonnes of freight.

• The value of Canada’s international air cargo trade in 2014 increased by 4.4% from 2013. ($116.4 billion)

• High-value commodities (machinery and electronic equipment, aircraft material, precious minerals/stone, and pharmaceutical products)

Canada : Pipeline• The TransCanada pipeline is a system of natural gas pipelines, up to 121.92 centimetres (48

Inches) in diameter, that carries gas through Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec.

• It is maintained by TransCanada PipeLines, LP.

• It is the longest pipeline in Canada.(4250 km)

CANADA: Waterways

• The Port of Vancouver is the busiest port in Canada.

• In 2014, Port Metro Vancouver was Canada’s busiest port, handling 123.5 million tonnes of freight, followed by Montréal, which handled an estimated 30.4 million tonnes.

• Inland waterways comprise 3,000 km including the St. Lawrence Seaway. Transport Canada enforces acts and regulations governing water transportation and safety.

• 18 ports are independently managed Canada Port Authorities (CPAs).

ST. LAWRENCE SEA WAY• Most important sea way in North America• Shared by USA and Canada• The seaway is currently mostly used for shipping bulk

cargo.• The seaway handles 40 to 50 million annual tons of cargo.• It serves 15 major international ports

and 50 regional ports that connect to more than 40 provincial or interstate highways and 30 railway lines.

CANADA : Strategic Gateways and Trade corridors• The Asia-Pacific Gateway and Corridor Initiative (APGCI) is an integrated set of strategic

transportation infrastructure investments and policy measures facilitating trade between North America and Asia. In 2014, $99 billion worth of exports were shipped through Canada’s Asia-Pacific Gateway.

• The Atlantic Gateway and Trade Corridor Strategy is a collaborative partnership between the Government of Canada and the four Atlantic provinces - Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland and Labrador. It promotes the movement of international trade to North America from Asian markets via the Suez Canal, Europe, the Caribbean and Latin America. Almost $30 billion worth of merchandise was shipped through Atlantic Canada in 2014.

• The Ontario-Quebec Continental Gateway and Trade Corridor is an initiative of the Governments of Canada, Ontario and Quebec. In 2014, the value of merchandise shipments moved through Ontario and Quebec totaled $290 billion.

• Artificial 48-mile (77 km) waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean.

• A Panamax cargo ship typically has a DWT of 65,000–80,000 tonnes.• After Expansion, the allowed dimensions of the ships using these locks increased by 25% in

length, 51% in beam, and 26% in draft, as defined by New Panamax metrics.

PANAMA CANAL

ISSUES LEADING TO EXPANSION:

• Efficiency and maintenance• Capacity• Competition• Water issues

• Tolls for the canal are set by the Panama Canal Authority.

Thank You