I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e

Headquarters U.S. Air Force

Multi-Domain Command and Control

Brig Gen B. Chance “Salty” Saltzman Director Of Future Operations HAF/A3X

14 Mar 17

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Overview n  Background

n  CSAF’s 3rd “Big Rock” n  Multi-domain C2 is evolutionary rather than revolutionary (no clean slate) n  Complex and will require a broad and concerted effort to implement

n  Purpose n  Provide an assessment of the Air Force’s Multi-Domain C2 Core Mission n  Offer investment options to enhance our capabilities

n  Problem statement: Current C2 structures are inadequate to execute advanced Multi-Domain Operations (MDO) n  Multi-domain operations are being conducted today n  Conducted despite a system not designed for it n  MDO must be more than systems in one domain supporting ops in another domain, it is offense &

defense in all domains

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n  Competitors have invested heavily in A2AD (IADS, ASATs, CNA) and threaten our current military advantages in the air and space domains

n  To preserve our advantage in the future, we must advance our concept of multi-domain operations

Additive Domains

Coordinated Domains

Integrated Domains

Enhanced Effects

Synchronized Effects

Synergistic Effects

Challenge

3

Tough

C2 Capability

Advanced

Expanded

Ability to integrate domains to create multiple, complex dilemmas for an adversary, is dependent on our ability to design and implement an advanced MDC2 construct

Dilemma For

Adversary

Very Complex

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Problem n  Multi-domain operations are being conducted today

n  Manpower-intensive coordination for MDO surge n  Does little to account for contested space and cyber domains n  Substantial leadership involvement to force integration

n  Conducted despite a system not designed for it n  SA, collaboration and decision-support tools insufficient n  Multi-domain planning expertise limited n  Mission stakeholders/authorities are disbursed, disconnected and complicated n  Stovepiped mission data streams

n  MDO must be more than systems in one domain supporting ops in another domain, it is offense & defense in all domains

n  Problem statement: Current C2 structures are inadequate to execute advanced Multi-Domain Operations (MDO)

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Advanced Multi-Domain Operations

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n  MDO leverages seamless, dynamic and continuous integration of capabilities generating effects in all domains

n  Advanced multi-domain operations are high velocity, operationally agile operations that present multiple dilemmas for an adversary at an operational tempo they cannot match

n  As envisioned, advanced Multi-domain Operations are realized when: n  Coalition forces have the operational agility to seamlessly shift between levels of war,

geographic areas, missions, functions and warfighting domains. n  Coalition forces can dynamically create multiple dilemmas for an adversary at an operations

tempo they cannot match. n  Coalition forces have the support processes and resiliency to conduct sustainable, persistent

operations in spite of a contested battlespace.

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Mission Effects Framework Methodology

n  Kill Chain Mission Effects Chain Mission Effects Framework Target Prosecution Achieve Air Superiority Execute Command and Control

n  Mission Effects Framework consists of the fundamental elements, components, systems, tools, activities and processes need to conduct multi-domain C2

n  MEF will be used to assess contribution and capability of current C2 capabilities, systems, processes, etc…

n  MEF assessment will yield gaps, opportunities, challenges, issues that must be addressed in order to advance Multi-domain C2

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Mission Effects Framework

MDC2 Enabling Structures

Doctrine Multi-Layer

Security Technical Security

Compartments Multi-domain

plans COA Development

Authorities

Organization Regional Global

Functional Coalition

Force Posture Seams

Training Domain specific

Multi-domain Advanced C2 Specific TTPs

Red/Blue Flags Joint

Technology

Materiel Capability forecasting

Capability development

Multi-domain SA Tools

Leadership CC Authority Development Mission Type

Orders

Personnel Force Development Career progression Special Experience

Depth of Experience

AFSCs Administrators

Facilities AOC CRC OC

NAF AFFOR

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Scoping the Effort

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n  By Nov 2017, MDC2 ECCT will provide feasible, cost informed, materiel and non-materiel investment options that drive toward attainment of an advanced Multi-domain C2 capability. Specifically addressing: n  C2 Ops—recommend changes to org structures, authorities, C2 processes/

procedures, etc. n  C2 Systems—recommend attributes for desired systems, evaluate existing

programs (recommend changes), identify need for new programs/initiatives n  C2 Enabling Structure—recommend changes to training and education, policy,

support processes/procedures, etc. needed to support advanced MDC2 construct

Harnessing the multitude of C2 initiatives in support of a common vision

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ECCT Structure & Methodology

Concept & Doctrine

Interoperability

Enabling Technologies

Acquisition & Logistics

Force Development

C2 OPS

SYSTEMS

ENABLING STRUCTURES

Industry Engagement Think Tank Engagement

Dec 16 Jan 17 Feb 17 Mar 17 Apr 17 May 17 Jun 17 Jul 17 Aug 17 Sep 17 Oct 17

Workshop #1

C2 Summit

Workshop #2

C2 Experiment

CORONA SOUTH

CORONA TOP

CORONA FALL

Strategic Planning Choices TTX #1

COA Selection

TTX #2 Write Conference

Tri- Chair Vector

Tri- Chair Vector

Tri- Chair Vector

Tri- Chair Vector

C2 Concepts

Roundtable

WORKING GROUPS LOEs

Force Dev Roundtable

Explore/Discover Concepts Devmnt Wargaming/Analysis Assess

Roundtables (engage Industry and Think Tanks to learn) Workshops (develop concepts with SMEs) Table Top Exercises (assess concept with contextualized tests) Experiments (designed to collect data to evaluate our assertions) Ops Analysis (collect data via modeling and simulation) Demos/Tech Evaluations (work with industry & labs to assess technologies)

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MDC2 Gap Assessment n  ECCT Working Groups assessing Gaps & Opportunities in current C2 structures

n  Internal ECCT Gap Assessment Debrief – 3 Feb

n  Summary of Findings •  Ops in Multiple Domains, not MDO •  Command relationships and organizations not designed for MDO •  C2 Ops not designed for MDO •  No common infrastructure •  Limited C2 Tools •  Ad hoc approach to C2 expertise •  No effort to build MDO experts •  Ineffective sustainment structures

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Draft MDC2 Goals & Objectives n  Integrate Air, Space & Cyber capabilities into an AF Combined Effects construct

n  Presentation of forces to optimize integration n  Enable planning and execution of “Multi-domain effects packages”

n  Develop, field & sustain technologies that enhance SA and accelerate decision-making n  Implement cloud-based data structure (data freed from algorithms & software) n  Leverage common infrastructure to enable rapid integration of new C2 mission apps n  Revamp AQ & Testing processes that allow extremely rapid tech refresh n  Field enhanced SA and decision support tools (C2 mission apps)

n  Build and sustain MDO & C2 expertise n  Train operators in multiple domains at squadron level n  Enhance C2 training for all domains (not ad hoc, not OJT) n  Build career track for operational level C2 n  Build multi-domain operational training infrastructure (LVC, Ranges, etc.)

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Elements of Effective MDC2

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C2

Ope

ratio

ns

C2

& M

DO

Exp

erts

C2

Infr

astr

uctu

re

C2

Tool

s

Multi-Domain C2

Multi-Domain Ops

Sustainment

Rapid Tech Refresh Cycle C2 Exercises & Experiments Training, Education & Experience Force Development

Effective Command Relationships Collaborative Planning Synchronized Battle Rhythms

Enhanced C2 Training Substantial C2 experience JOPP expertise Operators with experience in

all domains

Data Storage Common Interface Open service-oriented architecture

Algorithms separated from data Mission specific applications Multi-node collaboration Decision support

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Way Ahead

n  Mission Effects Framework Gap Assessment (Jan-Feb)

n  Collaborate to address key challenges & opportunities n  Industry Days (Feb and March) n  Think Tank Engagements (February) n  Field SMEs Roundtables (March)

n  Concepts Development (March-April)

n  TTX and Experimentation (April-May)

n  Evaluation (June-August)

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BACKUP

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C2 Functions n  Situational Awareness—the appropriate C2 personnel has the ability to:

n  Access all relevant data n  Discern decision-quality information in operationally-relevant context n  Rapidly observe and orient to dynamic intelligence n  Determine blue force availability in realtime

n  Leverage integration of relevant open source information

n  Operational Decision-Making—the appropriate C2 personnel has the ability to: n  Rapidly account for constraints and restraints n  Delegate decisions to the lowest operationally-competent level n  Make decisions in support of the desired ops tempo n  Understand and account for impacts across operational seams n  Plan effectively for force packages n  Ensure Unity of Effort for force packages

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C2 Functions (cont.) n  Force Direction—the appropriate commander has the ability to:

n  Provide clear guidance to force packages n  Communicate securely to all elements of force packages n  Effectively direct attached forces n  Dynamically clarify ROE

n  Effectively assess and manage operational risk to forces n  Dynamically allocate and reallocate missions

n  Battle Management—the appropriate C2 personnel has the ability to: n  Identify, assess and address changes to threat environment in realtime n  Dynamically adjust missions to changes in force packages n  Effectively make Go/No-Go decisions n  Execute CC Intent in absence of direction/communication n  Communicate securely with tactical force packages

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