multi-agent based flexible deployment of context ...picard/publications/sorici15paams-pres.pdf ·...
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Multi-Agent Based Flexible Deployment of ContextManagement in Ambient Intelligence Applications
Alexandru Sorici1,2 Gauthier Picard1 Olivier Boissier1 AdinaMagda Florea2
1Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR CNRS 5516, Institut Henri Fayol, MINES Saint-Etienne,France [email protected]
2University Politehnica of Bucharest, Department of Computer Science, 313 SplaiulIndependentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
13th International Conference on Practical Applications of Agents andMulti-Agent Systems, Salamanca, 2015
Sorici et al. (UPB, EMSE) Context Mgmt. Deployment in AmI PAAMS 2015 1 / 26
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Outline
1 IntroductionProblemMotivational ScenarioObjectives
2 Context Provisioning DeploymentCONSERT Middleware ArchitectureDeployment PrinciplesDeployment Engineering
3 Conclusions and Future Work
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Outline
1 IntroductionProblemMotivational ScenarioObjectives
2 Context Provisioning DeploymentCONSERT Middleware ArchitectureDeployment PrinciplesDeployment Engineering
3 Conclusions and Future Work
Sorici et al. (UPB, EMSE) Context Mgmt. Deployment in AmI PAAMS 2015 3 / 26
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Introduction: Problem
The Ambient Intelligence vision considers very broad scenarios (e.g.ISTAG Scenarios [Ducatel et al., 2001])
User can have short-lived, context-aware interactions with manyunrelated and heterogeneous applications and services
Insufficient work on means to effectively structure and dynamicallydeploy the multitude of context management services required byan application
Sorici et al. (UPB, EMSE) Context Mgmt. Deployment in AmI PAAMS 2015 4 / 26
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Introduction: Problem
The Ambient Intelligence vision considers very broad scenarios (e.g.ISTAG Scenarios [Ducatel et al., 2001])
User can have short-lived, context-aware interactions with manyunrelated and heterogeneous applications and services
Insufficient work on means to effectively structure and dynamicallydeploy the multitude of context management services required byan application
Sorici et al. (UPB, EMSE) Context Mgmt. Deployment in AmI PAAMS 2015 4 / 26
![Page 6: Multi-Agent Based Flexible Deployment of Context ...picard/publications/sorici15paams-pres.pdf · Multi-Agent Based Flexible Deployment of Context Management in Ambient Intelligence](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022041100/5ed7e40dbe7cd466191cf6c7/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Introduction: Problem
The Ambient Intelligence vision considers very broad scenarios (e.g.ISTAG Scenarios [Ducatel et al., 2001])
User can have short-lived, context-aware interactions with manyunrelated and heterogeneous applications and services
Insufficient work on means to effectively structure and dynamicallydeploy the multitude of context management services required byan application
Sorici et al. (UPB, EMSE) Context Mgmt. Deployment in AmI PAAMS 2015 4 / 26
![Page 7: Multi-Agent Based Flexible Deployment of Context ...picard/publications/sorici15paams-pres.pdf · Multi-Agent Based Flexible Deployment of Context Management in Ambient Intelligence](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022041100/5ed7e40dbe7cd466191cf6c7/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Introduction: Context Management
Network
Middleware
User Interface
ApplicationSmart Offices Smart Communication
Context-aware web services ...
Service discovery
Communication
Context
Management
Definition of Context (Dey, 2001)Any information that can be used to
characterize the situation of entities (i.e.,
whether a person, place or object) that are
considered relevant to the interaction between
a user and an application, including the user
and the application themselves.
Context representation and reasoning
Context provisioning
acquisition, coordination
dissemination, usage
Context Management Solution Deployment
Context Management
Sorici et al. (UPB, EMSE) Context Mgmt. Deployment in AmI PAAMS 2015 5 / 26
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Introduction: Context Management
Network
Middleware
User Interface
ApplicationSmart Offices Smart Communication
Context-aware web services ...
Service discovery
Communication
Context
Management
Definition of Context (Dey, 2001)Any information that can be used to
characterize the situation of entities (i.e.,
whether a person, place or object) that are
considered relevant to the interaction between
a user and an application, including the user
and the application themselves.
Context representation and reasoning
Context provisioning
acquisition, coordination
dissemination, usage
Context Management Solution Deployment
Context Management
Sorici et al. (UPB, EMSE) Context Mgmt. Deployment in AmI PAAMS 2015 5 / 26
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Introduction: Motivational Scenario
Alice
Alice sends
information
on her estimated
delay
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Introduction: Motivational Scenario
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Introduction: Motivational Scenario
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Introduction: Issues
Alice’s smartphone interacts with many different context-aware services:Tram, University Course Activity Service, AmI-Lab Management Server, herown local profile
Information obtained from one service can both influence (e.g. tram speedwith class delay time) and be independent of (e.g. AmI-Lab interactions) another service
What is a good selection of fundamental units for context management?
What is a good set of abstractions for structuring the use of variouscontext management services in an AmI application, depending onchanging relevancy of context?
Sorici et al. (UPB, EMSE) Context Mgmt. Deployment in AmI PAAMS 2015 7 / 26
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Introduction: Issues
Alice’s smartphone interacts with many different context-aware services:Tram, University Course Activity Service, AmI-Lab Management Server, herown local profile
Information obtained from one service can both influence (e.g. tram speedwith class delay time) and be independent of (e.g. AmI-Lab interactions) another service
What is a good selection of fundamental units for context management?
What is a good set of abstractions for structuring the use of variouscontext management services in an AmI application, depending onchanging relevancy of context?
Sorici et al. (UPB, EMSE) Context Mgmt. Deployment in AmI PAAMS 2015 7 / 26
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Introduction: Main Goals
Develop a Context Management Middleware (CMM) based on designprinciples from the Multi-Agent Systems, Semantic Web andSoftware Service Component fields.
Focus on flexible provisioning, ease of deployment/configuration
Why these objectives?
Sorici et al. (UPB, EMSE) Context Mgmt. Deployment in AmI PAAMS 2015 8 / 26
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Introduction: Main Goals
Develop a Context Management Middleware (CMM) based on designprinciples from the Multi-Agent Systems, Semantic Web andSoftware Service Component fields.
Focus on flexible provisioning, ease of deployment/configuration
Why these objectives?
Sorici et al. (UPB, EMSE) Context Mgmt. Deployment in AmI PAAMS 2015 8 / 26
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Outline
1 IntroductionProblemMotivational ScenarioObjectives
2 Context Provisioning DeploymentCONSERT Middleware ArchitectureDeployment PrinciplesDeployment Engineering
3 Conclusions and Future Work
Sorici et al. (UPB, EMSE) Context Mgmt. Deployment in AmI PAAMS 2015 9 / 26
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CONSERT Middleware Architecture
CONSERT = CONtext asSERTion [Sorici et al., 2015]
Multi-Agent Based Architecture: use MAS design principles as agood fit for this engineering problem
Why Agents?Conceive the provisioning units as: autonomous, reactive, proactiveand socially interacting entitiesExploit research into message-based, communicative-act centricinteraction protocols to address communication infrastructure concerns
⇒Good encapsulation of the logic for each provisioning aspects withpotential for increased provisioning autonomyMessage based communication with complete handling of successand failure cases
Sorici et al. (UPB, EMSE) Context Mgmt. Deployment in AmI PAAMS 2015 10 / 26
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CONSERT Middleware Architecture
CONSERT = CONtext asSERTion [Sorici et al., 2015]
Multi-Agent Based Architecture: use MAS design principles as agood fit for this engineering problem
Why Agents?Conceive the provisioning units as: autonomous, reactive, proactiveand socially interacting entitiesExploit research into message-based, communicative-act centricinteraction protocols to address communication infrastructure concerns
⇒Good encapsulation of the logic for each provisioning aspects withpotential for increased provisioning autonomyMessage based communication with complete handling of successand failure cases
Sorici et al. (UPB, EMSE) Context Mgmt. Deployment in AmI PAAMS 2015 10 / 26
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CONSERT Middleware Architecture
3rd Party Sensor Middleware
Application
Client Adaptor
send query send sensed/pro led
updates
organize
commands
queries
Context-Aware Application
Application
Control Adaptor
manages
CONSERT Agent Management Logicimplements implements
issue queries/
subscriptions
send pro led updates
control pro led
updates
adjust context
provisioning
implements
OrgMgr
CtxCoord
CtxSensor
commands / translates from
ContextAssertion
Adaptors
CONSERT Engine- Store Context Information
- Check Continuity
- Check Constraint Integrity
- Perform Ontology Reasoning
- Perform Derivation Rule
Reasoning
- Compute Context Usage
Statistics
CtxUser
CtxQuery
Handler
Context
Domain
Ontology
extends
loads
CORE
CONSTRAINT
ANNOTATION
CONSERT
Meta-Model
Ontology
JVM
OS
Gi Fram
ew
ork
Ap
ach
e J
en
a+
SP
INJA
DE F
ram
ew
ork
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CONSERT Middleware Agents
Multi-Agent Based Architecture: 4 provisioning agents + 1management agent
Provisioning Agents
CtxSensor Agent: manage interactions with sensors (based onsensing policies), communicate with CtxCoord to send updates andreceive provisioning tasking commands
CtxCoord Agent: coordinate processing of context information
Create and control CONSERT EngineUse coordination policies to determine what sensor updates andinferences are active and how (e.g. with which frequency) updatesmust be sent
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CONSERT Middleware Agents
Provisioning Agents
CtxQueryHandler Agent: disseminate context information, answerto queries and subscriptions. Can work in local or federated mode.
CtxUser Agent: connection with application logic
Send queries and subscriptionsAct as prosumer: provide static or profiled ContextAssertions
Management Agent
OrgMgr Agent:
Control deployment and life cycle of provisioning agents (i.e. create,start, stop, destroy provisioning agents)Maintain overview of distributed deployment (if the case) + managequery/updates routing
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Context Management Unit (CMU)
Element of control encapsulation
Instances of context provisioning agents are grouped intomangement units that are assigned to handle a specific provisioningaspect (acquisition, coordination, context consumption)
E.g.:
CtxSensor + CtxUser agents can be grouped and deployed on aprosumer machine (e.g. Alice’s smartphone)
CtxCoord + CtxQueryHandler - grouped and deployed on acoordination machine (e.g. the AmI-Lab management server)
Sorici et al. (UPB, EMSE) Context Mgmt. Deployment in AmI PAAMS 2015 14 / 26
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Context Management Unit (CMU)
Element of control encapsulation
Instances of context provisioning agents are grouped intomangement units that are assigned to handle a specific provisioningaspect (acquisition, coordination, context consumption)
E.g.:
CtxSensor + CtxUser agents can be grouped and deployed on aprosumer machine (e.g. Alice’s smartphone)
CtxCoord + CtxQueryHandler - grouped and deployed on acoordination machine (e.g. the AmI-Lab management server)
Sorici et al. (UPB, EMSE) Context Mgmt. Deployment in AmI PAAMS 2015 14 / 26
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Context Management Unit (CMU)
Element of control encapsulation
Instances of context provisioning agents are grouped intomangement units that are assigned to handle a specific provisioningaspect (acquisition, coordination, context consumption)
E.g.:
CtxSensor + CtxUser agents can be grouped and deployed on aprosumer machine (e.g. Alice’s smartphone)
CtxCoord + CtxQueryHandler - grouped and deployed on acoordination machine (e.g. the AmI-Lab management server)
Sorici et al. (UPB, EMSE) Context Mgmt. Deployment in AmI PAAMS 2015 14 / 26
![Page 25: Multi-Agent Based Flexible Deployment of Context ...picard/publications/sorici15paams-pres.pdf · Multi-Agent Based Flexible Deployment of Context Management in Ambient Intelligence](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022041100/5ed7e40dbe7cd466191cf6c7/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Context Management Unit (CMU)
Element of control encapsulation
Instances of context provisioning agents are grouped intomangement units that are assigned to handle a specific provisioningaspect (acquisition, coordination, context consumption)
E.g.:
CtxSensor + CtxUser agents can be grouped and deployed on aprosumer machine (e.g. Alice’s smartphone)
CtxCoord + CtxQueryHandler - grouped and deployed on acoordination machine (e.g. the AmI-Lab management server)
Sorici et al. (UPB, EMSE) Context Mgmt. Deployment in AmI PAAMS 2015 14 / 26
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Deployment Structuring Elements
Idea: create link between multi-dimensionality of contextinformation and CMU assigned to service it
ContextDimension: a privileged direction (e.g spatial,activity-related, relational) along which an application structures itscontext provisioning process.
Alternatively: the context information type whose instances are mostlikely to cause a shift in relevant contextE.g.: locatedIn(Person, UniversitySpace), engagedIn(Person,CourseActivity)
ContextDomain: a logical partition of the global application contextmodel along a chosen ContextDimension
E.g.: Tram, AmI-Lab, CS Lecture
one-to-one mapping from a ContextDimension + ContextDomainpair to a CMU assigned to its management
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Deployment Structuring Elements
Idea: create link between multi-dimensionality of contextinformation and CMU assigned to service it
ContextDimension: a privileged direction (e.g spatial,activity-related, relational) along which an application structures itscontext provisioning process.
Alternatively: the context information type whose instances are mostlikely to cause a shift in relevant contextE.g.: locatedIn(Person, UniversitySpace), engagedIn(Person,CourseActivity)
ContextDomain: a logical partition of the global application contextmodel along a chosen ContextDimension
E.g.: Tram, AmI-Lab, CS Lecture
one-to-one mapping from a ContextDimension + ContextDomainpair to a CMU assigned to its management
Sorici et al. (UPB, EMSE) Context Mgmt. Deployment in AmI PAAMS 2015 15 / 26
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Deployment Structuring Elements
Idea: create link between multi-dimensionality of contextinformation and CMU assigned to service it
ContextDimension: a privileged direction (e.g spatial,activity-related, relational) along which an application structures itscontext provisioning process.
Alternatively: the context information type whose instances are mostlikely to cause a shift in relevant contextE.g.: locatedIn(Person, UniversitySpace), engagedIn(Person,CourseActivity)
ContextDomain: a logical partition of the global application contextmodel along a chosen ContextDimension
E.g.: Tram, AmI-Lab, CS Lecture
one-to-one mapping from a ContextDimension + ContextDomainpair to a CMU assigned to its management
Sorici et al. (UPB, EMSE) Context Mgmt. Deployment in AmI PAAMS 2015 15 / 26
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Deployment Structuring Elements
Idea: create link between multi-dimensionality of contextinformation and CMU assigned to service it
ContextDimension: a privileged direction (e.g spatial,activity-related, relational) along which an application structures itscontext provisioning process.
Alternatively: the context information type whose instances are mostlikely to cause a shift in relevant contextE.g.: locatedIn(Person, UniversitySpace), engagedIn(Person,CourseActivity)
ContextDomain: a logical partition of the global application contextmodel along a chosen ContextDimension
E.g.: Tram, AmI-Lab, CS Lecture
one-to-one mapping from a ContextDimension + ContextDomainpair to a CMU assigned to its management
Sorici et al. (UPB, EMSE) Context Mgmt. Deployment in AmI PAAMS 2015 15 / 26
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Deployment Structuring Elements
Idea: create link between multi-dimensionality of contextinformation and CMU assigned to service it
ContextDimension: a privileged direction (e.g spatial,activity-related, relational) along which an application structures itscontext provisioning process.
Alternatively: the context information type whose instances are mostlikely to cause a shift in relevant contextE.g.: locatedIn(Person, UniversitySpace), engagedIn(Person,CourseActivity)
ContextDomain: a logical partition of the global application contextmodel along a chosen ContextDimension
E.g.: Tram, AmI-Lab, CS Lecture
one-to-one mapping from a ContextDimension + ContextDomainpair to a CMU assigned to its management
Sorici et al. (UPB, EMSE) Context Mgmt. Deployment in AmI PAAMS 2015 15 / 26
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Deployment Structuring Example
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Deployment Structuring Example
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Deployment Schemes
ContextDimensions + ContextDomains + CMUs allow us to considertwo deployment schemes:
Centralized:
a single (default) ContextDomaina single CMU handling context provisioning
Decentralized:
one or more ContextDimensions and ContextDomainsContextDomains can be organized in a flat or hierarchical mannerComprises both fixed and mobile nodes ⇒ multiple CMUs
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Hierarchical Deployment Example
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Deployment Policies
Set of parameters that specify deployment configurations
Platform Config: JADE Container setup which hosts one or moreCMUs
Context Domain Config: information about the ContextDomainstructure and the context model partition it contains
Agent Config: information about the provisioning agents thatcompose the CMU assigned to service the ContextDomain
Parameter vocabulary implemented as an ontology
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Deployment Policy Examples
Platform Config:Container_AmILab
a orgconf:AgentContainer ;
orgconf:containerHost "localhost";
orgconf:containerPort 1099;
orgconf:hasMTPHost "localhost";
orgconf:hasMTPPort 7778 ;
orgconf:platformName "EF210".
Agent Config:CtxCoord_AmILab
a orgconf:CtxCoordSpec ;
orgconf:hasAgentAddress :CtxCoord_AmILab_Address ;
orgconf:hasControlPolicy [
a orgconf:AgentPolicy ;
orgconf:hasPolicyDocument [
a orgconf:ContentDocument ;
orgconf:documentPath "etc/cmm/coordconfig.ttl"
]
] .
ContextDomain Config:AmILab_Domain
a orgconf:ContextDomain ;
orgconf:hasDomainDimension person:locatedIn ;
orgconf:hasDomainRangeEntity amilab:LaboratoryRoom ;
orgconf:hasDomainRangeValue amilab:AmI-Lab ;
orgconf:hasDomainHierarchyProperty
space:spatiallySubsumedBy ;
orgconf:hasDomainHierarchyDocument
[ a orgconf:ContentDocument ;
orgconf:documentPath
"etc/cmm/domain-hierarchy-config.ttl"
] ;
orgconf:hasContextModel :AmILab_ContextModel .
:AmILab_ContextModel
a orgconf:ContextModelDefinition ;
orgconf:hasModelCoreDocument [
a orgconf:ContentDocument ;
orgconf:documentURI
"http://purl.org/net/amilab/core"
] ;
...
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Deployment Configuration
CMU Instance can be: installed, started, stopped, uninstalled
Life cycle state depends on the assertion of corresponding ContextDimension+ ContextDomain
Interaction between Platform Service and OrgMgr agent
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Outline
1 IntroductionProblemMotivational ScenarioObjectives
2 Context Provisioning DeploymentCONSERT Middleware ArchitectureDeployment PrinciplesDeployment Engineering
3 Conclusions and Future Work
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Conclusions
Introduce explicit, model dependent elements to supportstructuring of context management according to dynamic use ofhandled context information
Focus on:
Flexibility of deployment schemeEase of development / configuration through use of declarativepolicies and service component based design
Implementation: use of Semantic Web, MAS and OSGi technologiesas a good engineering fit for middleware goals
Sorici et al. (UPB, EMSE) Context Mgmt. Deployment in AmI PAAMS 2015 23 / 26
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Conclusions
Introduce explicit, model dependent elements to supportstructuring of context management according to dynamic use ofhandled context information
Focus on:
Flexibility of deployment schemeEase of development / configuration through use of declarativepolicies and service component based design
Implementation: use of Semantic Web, MAS and OSGi technologiesas a good engineering fit for middleware goals
Sorici et al. (UPB, EMSE) Context Mgmt. Deployment in AmI PAAMS 2015 23 / 26
![Page 41: Multi-Agent Based Flexible Deployment of Context ...picard/publications/sorici15paams-pres.pdf · Multi-Agent Based Flexible Deployment of Context Management in Ambient Intelligence](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022041100/5ed7e40dbe7cd466191cf6c7/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Future Work
From experience implementing the scenario ⇒ need for tooling (e.g.an IDE) to ease effort of defining deployment configuration.
Exploit multi-agent potential for autonomy by introducing ContextLevel Agreements (CLAs)
CtxCoord, CtxSensor agents have individual goals (e.g. reduceworkload, save energy) which are valued against request characteristics(e.g. required accuracy, needed freshness) from a CtxUserEstablished CLAs influence where and when CMUs are deployed
Sorici et al. (UPB, EMSE) Context Mgmt. Deployment in AmI PAAMS 2015 24 / 26
![Page 42: Multi-Agent Based Flexible Deployment of Context ...picard/publications/sorici15paams-pres.pdf · Multi-Agent Based Flexible Deployment of Context Management in Ambient Intelligence](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022041100/5ed7e40dbe7cd466191cf6c7/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Future Work
From experience implementing the scenario ⇒ need for tooling (e.g.an IDE) to ease effort of defining deployment configuration.
Exploit multi-agent potential for autonomy by introducing ContextLevel Agreements (CLAs)
CtxCoord, CtxSensor agents have individual goals (e.g. reduceworkload, save energy) which are valued against request characteristics(e.g. required accuracy, needed freshness) from a CtxUserEstablished CLAs influence where and when CMUs are deployed
Sorici et al. (UPB, EMSE) Context Mgmt. Deployment in AmI PAAMS 2015 24 / 26
![Page 43: Multi-Agent Based Flexible Deployment of Context ...picard/publications/sorici15paams-pres.pdf · Multi-Agent Based Flexible Deployment of Context Management in Ambient Intelligence](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022041100/5ed7e40dbe7cd466191cf6c7/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
References I
Ducatel, K., Bogdanowicz, M., Scapolo, F., Leijten, J., andBurgelman, J.-C. (2001).Scenarios for ambient intelligence in 2010.Office for official publications of the European Communities.
Sorici, A., Picard, G., Boissier, O., Zimmermann, A., and Florea, A.(2015).Consert: Applying semantic web technologies to context modeling inambient intelligence.Computers & Electrical Engineering.
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THANK YOU!
Questions?
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