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Muckrakers Muckraker Book Reforms Related Reform Jacob Riis Upton Sinclair Lincoln Steffens Shame of the Cities (1902) Articles in McClure’s magazine Steffens exposed the corruption of political machines in big cities such as New York and Philadelphia Secret ballots Anti-graft campaigns in some cities cracked down on police corruption. Ida Tarbell A History of Standard Oil (1905) Originally published in McClure’s magazine Exposed the unscrupulous business practices used by John D. Rockefeller’s Standard Oil Co. Rockefeller used “rebates” and other unethical practices to put competitors out of business. Documented how Standard Oil over-charged consumers becoming a near monopoly. Resulted in anti-trust prosecution of Standard Oil. Generally contributed to the passage of the Clayton Anti-Trust Act.

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Muckrakers Muckraker Book Reforms Related Reform

Jacob Riis

Upton Sinclair

Lincoln Steffens

Shame of the Cities (1902)

Articles in McClure’s magazine

Steffens exposed the corruption of political machines in big cities

such as New York and Philadelphia

Secret ballots Anti-graft campaigns in

some cities cracked down on police corruption.

Ida Tarbell

A History of Standard Oil

(1905) Originally

published in McClure’s magazine

Exposed the unscrupulous business practices used by John D. Rockefeller’s Standard Oil Co. Rockefeller used “rebates” and other unethical practices to put

competitors out of business. Documented how Standard Oil

over-charged consumers becoming a near monopoly.

Resulted in anti-trust

prosecution of Standard Oil.

Generally contributed to the passage of the Clayton

Anti-Trust Act.