m.tech final viva voice
TRANSCRIPT
TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER FROM A PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS INDUSTRY BY FENTON PROCESS
Phase II - Viva Voice
Presented By
GOKUL.D (CE1320)
Under the Guidance of Dr. M.A.SIVASANKARAN, Professor
Department of Civil Engineering Pondicherry Engineering College
Puducherry – 605 014.
INTRODUCTION
• Industrial wastewaters are one of the major sources
of pollution.
• In India, approximately 13500 MLD of
wastewaters is generated by industries. (CPCB
ENVIS 2014)
• Only 60% of W/W is treated.
• It is a major concern for environment.
PERSONAL CARE PRODUCT INDUSTRY
• Personal care product industries comes under FMCG
industry.
• There are 20 top personal care products manufacturers
in India.
• Hindustan Unilever Limited is the largest personal care
product industry in India.
• HUL has a share of about 54% in personal care product
category.
SEGMENTAL BREAK-UP OF PERSONAL CARE MARKET
PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS SCENARIO IN INDIA
• Total market 23 million tons in volume.
• 7 million tons market for bathing soaps.
• 16 million tones market detergents soaps & bars.
• 30% detergent cakes.
• 70% detergent powder.
WASTEWATER GENERATION BY PCP’S INDUSTRY
• Personal care product industries contributes
around 8% to the total industrial wastewater
generation in India.
• Total wastewater generated by PCP’s industries in
India is around 1080 MLD. ( CPCB ENVIS 2014)
NEED FOR THE STUDY
• Presently the wastewater from a personal care
products industry is being treated by conventional
aerobic biological method.
• The process involves coagulation, sedimentation ,
aeration(ASP) and secondary settling tank.
• This process takes more time and energy to treat
the wastewater.
• Hence in order to economize the time and energy,
an attempt is planned to treat by Fenton process.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
• To study the characteristics of the wastewater
from personal care products industry.
• To study the existing treatment process and
effluent characteristics from the treatment plant.
• An attempt to modify the present process with
Fenton process.
• Comparison of the treatment efficiency and costs.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Title of paper Journal name
Published year
Author Description
Operating characteristics and kinetic studies of surfactant wastewater treatment by Fenton Oxidation process
Water research
1999 Sheng. H et al.,
Taiwan
• Raw wastewater contains LAS of 11 mg/l and ABS of 12 mg/l.
•Optimum conditions are pH = 3, FeSO4 = 90 mg/l , H2O2 = 60 mg/l, treatment time is 50 mins.
•Obtained 95% removal of ABS & LABS by Fenton process.
Treatment of wastewater from an alkaline cleaning solution by combined coagulation and photo-Fenton process
Separation &
purification technology
2014 Alejandro M. Sen et al.,
Argentina
•Effluent contains 400 mg/l of phosphorous & 35 g/l of COD.
•Optimum conditions are pH= 3, H2O2 = 63gm/l , FeSO4 = 11 gm/l . •Phosphorous reduced to 0.93 gm/l and COD reduced to 0.28 gm/l.
Title of paper Journal Name
Published year
Author Description
Reduction of COD & BOD By Oxidation: A CETP
Case Study
IJERA 2013 Prashant k. Lalwaniet al.,
India
•Raw Wastewater contains COD of 1700 mg/l and BOD of 420 mg/l.
•Optimum conditions for treatment of effluent is pH = 3.5, Fe2+= 1 mg/l ,H2O2= 4ml/l ,time = 60 mins.
•Removal of COD is 64.35% and BOD is 68.57%
Use of Fenton’s Reagent for removal of organics
from Ibn Al-Atheer PCP industry wastewater
in Mosul City
Water science techno-
logy
2013 Harbawi et al.,
Mosul
•Raw effluent characteristics pH = 5.77,COD = 6663 mg/l, BOD = 1500 mg/l.
•Optimum conditions arepH=3, Fe2+ = 600mg/l, H2O2=700 mg/l. •Removal of COD is 93% & BOD is 80%
Title of paper Journal Name
Published Year
Author Description
Applications of Advanced Oxidation for Wastewater Treatment
JBERG 2006 Bergendahlet al.,
USA
•Raw wastewater contains COD of around 8000 mg/l.
•Optimum conditions for Fenton treatment are pH = 3.5 , H2O2 = 12 ml/l, FeSO4 = 800 mg/l.
•COD removal is around 96%
Pre-Oxidation of an extremely polluted industrial wastewater by the Fenton’s reagent
Journal of Hazardous materials
2003 Sebastian et al.,
Spain
•Raw COD of 362,000 mg/l.
•Optimum conditions are pH = 3.5,H2O2 = 30 ml/l , FeSO4 = 3000 mg/l and temperature is 520C.
•COD removal efficiency is around 56.4%.
Title of paper Journal Name
Published Year
Author Description
Fenton Oxidation Process for PCP’s Wastewater Treatment
Korean J. Chem.
Eng
2004 Kim et al.,
South Korea
•Raw wastewater contains COD of 8640 mg/l.
•Optimum conditions for max. COD removal efficiency is pH = 3, H2O2 = 2500mg/l , FeSO4 = 600 mg/l .
•COD removal efficiency is around 83%.
Treatment of cosmetic wastewater using physiochemical and chemical methods
Chemik 2011 Bogacki. Jet al.,
Poland
•Raw wastewater contains COD of 11423 mg/l and surfactants of 3148 mg/l.
•Optimum conditions obtained are pH = 3, H2O2 = 1000 mg/l , Fe2+ = 125 mg/l.
•Removal of COD is around 80% and surfactants is around 98%
Time Line Phase 1Work/Month
July August September October November December
LiteratureCollection
Sample collection & Testing
Reportpreparation
MATERIALS & METHODS
17
Experimental Scheme
Experimental Scheme
Phase 1 Phase 2
Collection of Effluent
Modification of ETP
Fenton treatment Process
Evaluating COD removal
efficiency
Combined Fenton & ASP
Cost benefit analysis
EXISTING PROCESS OF TREATMENT AT PRESENT
SAMPLE COLLECTION
• The raw sample is collected from the
equalization tank of the ETP.
• It is preserved in a deep freezer to maintain the
characteristics.
• Samples are brought to the laboratory and
analyzed for its characteristics.
CHARACTERISTICS OF RAW EFFLUENT
PARAMETERS RANGE OF VALUES
pH 5 – 6.5
EC 10.32 – 10.68 ms
TDS 1200 – 2600 mg/l
COD 4800 – 6600 mg/l
BOD 1260 – 1480 mg/l
NOTE : Average values for 12 samples
EXPERIMENTAL METHOD
• The reactor consists of a two litres capacity
glass container.
• One litre of sample is taken for treatment by
Fenton process.
• Fenton’s reagent namely H2O2 & Fe2+ are
used.
• The pH of the sample is reduced to the acidic
condition around 3-4.
• Different proportions of Fenton’s reagent are
added to the sample.
• The treated effluent parameters are analyzed.
FENTON PROCESS EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
TREATED & RAW SAMPLES
CHARACTERISTICS OF RAW SAMPLE & TREATED SAMPLESi
no pH Fenton
reagent(Fe2+: H2O2) gm : gm
Raw TDS mg/l
Treated TDSmg/l
Raw CODmg/l
Treated CODmg/l
% of COD removal
efficiency
1 5.82 – 5.93 1:1.02 1389-1403 2936-2957 4358-4369 2217-2238 47.93-48.7%
2 6.15 – 6.43 1:2.04 1308-1321 2869-2879 5387-5408 2784-2806 48.14-48.2%
3 7.23 – 7.5 1:3.06 1228-1242 3151-3173 6396-6427 4797-4813 24.81-25%
4 3.78 – 4.05 1:4.08 1866-1893 3947-3986 5189-5213 800-829 83.5-84.62%
5 2.63 – 3.5 1:5.10 1976-1994 4178-4190 6623-6671 388-413 90.8-93.9%
6 4.12 – 4.5 1:6.12 2034-2049 3892-3907 5847-5869 1268-1282 78.15-78.3%
7 4.89 – 5.5 1:7.14 2163-2187 3974-4012 5716-5784 2824-2853 49.5-50.05%
NOTE : Average values of treated samples
COD Removal efficiency Vs pHX AXIS Y AXIS
COD Removal efficiency pH
93.9 % 3.5
84.61 % 4.05
78.21 % 4.5
48.7 % 5.5
48.14 % 5.87
25 % 6.5
COD removal efficiency Vs pH
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
COD removal efficiency Vs pH
COD removal efficiency
% of COD removal
pH
COD Removal Vs Fenton’s ratio
X AXIS Y AXIS
Fenton’s ratioFe2+: H2O2
(gm : gm)
COD Removal Efficiency
1:1.02 25%
1:2.04 48.14%
1:3.06 48.7%
1:4.08 84.61%
1:5.10 93.9%
1:6.12 78.21%
1:7.14 50.05 %
COD removal efficiency Vs Fenton’s ratio
1.02 2.04 3.06 4.08 5.1 6.12 7.140
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
COD REMOVAL EFFICIENCY %
H2O2 (gm)
CO
D r
emov
al e
ffic
ienc
y (%
)
Fe2+ is 1 gm constant
pH Vs TDS for different Fenton’s ratio
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 81000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
pH Vs TDS
01:01
01:03
01:05
01:07
pH
TDS
(mg/
L)
FUTURE WORK
• The cost estimation for the experimental work will be
carried out in phase 2.
• Methods will be adopted for reduction in TDS level.
PHASE II• In first phase of work Fenton’s process was carried out
in batch mode.
• Optimum conditions obtained at pH 3.5 , Fenton’s ratio
is 1:5.10 (1 gm of Fe2+ : 5.10 gm of H2O2) and 60 mins
of treatment time.
• In this phase, we modified the obtained optimum
conditions by changing the concentrations of Fenton’s
reagent at pH 3.5.
Modifications of the optimum conditions at pH 3.5
Fenton’s Ratio(Fe2+:H2O2)( gm: gm)
COD Removal efficiency % TDS increase %
1:5.10 93.9% 52.7%
1:4.845 91.3% 52.65%
1:4.59 90.8% 52.12%
1:4.335 88.6% 51.5%
1:408 84.2% 51.5%
1:5.355 92.1% 52.72%
HUL Requirements
• According to the HUL suggestions, the pH of the raw
effluent will be kept constant at the incoming pH 5.
• Only the concentrations of the Fenton’s reagent will be
varied to get the optimum COD removal at pH 5.
• The optimum Fenton’s reagent and COD removal
efficiency is calculated at pH 5.
Modifications of the optimum conditions at pH 5
Fenton’s Ratio(Fe2+:H2O2)( gm: gm )
COD Removal efficiency % TDS increase %
1:5.10 62.4% 22.7%
1:4.845 60.5% 22.1%
1:4.59 59% 20.7%
1:4.335 57% 20%
1:408 54.3% 19.8%
1:5.355 61.8% 23.4%
WORK TO BE DONE IN PHASE II
• According to the HUL industry requirements, we are
modifying the treatment process.
• Carried out the Fenton process with the raw effluent of pH 5
to find out the optimum concentrations of Fenton’s reagent .
• After Fenton process, it is planned to treat the effluent by
Activated Sludge Process and study the efficiency of COD
removal.
COMBINED FENTON & ASP PROCESS
• The pH of the incoming effluent is kept constant at 5.
• Fenton’s reagent are added in optimized proportions
(1 gm of Fe2+: 5.10 gm of H2O2) .
• After treatment with Fenton process the COD removal
efficiency is around 60%.
• The sludge settled in the Fenton process are taken to
Sludge Drying Beds.
• The Fenton treated wastewater is transferred into
Activated Sludge Process (ASP) for further stabilizing
the wastewater concentration.
• In aeration process, detention time is maintained
around 6 hrs.
• Various MLSS concentrations are added and COD
removal efficiency is calculated.
ASP EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
MODIFIED ETP PROCESS
CHARACTERISTICS OF RAW & TREATED SAMPLE Raw COD
mg/lCOD after
Fenton Treatment
mg/l
Fenton COD removal
efficiency
MLSS concentrations
mg/l
COD after ASP treatment
mg/l
ASP COD removal
efficiency
6286 – 6327 2496 – 2531 59.4 – 60.1% 820 – 850 512 – 534 78.1 – 78.9%
6769 – 6831 2617 – 2664 60.7 – 61% 985 – 1000 497 – 527 79.6 – 80.2%
5853 – 5972 2309 – 2365 59.8% - 60.4% 1187 – 1200 406 – 429 81.3 – 81.8%
6078 – 6187 2397 – 2426 60.2 – 60.8% 1367 – 1400 378 – 402 82.7 – 83.4%
6507 – 6578 2573 – 2631 59.3 – 60% 1562 – 1600 307 – 336 86.4 – 87.2 %
5946 – 6017 2284 – 2346 60.7 – 61.1% 1738 – 1800 214 – 239 89.4 – 89.8%
6386 – 6452 2317 - 2355 60 – 60.8% 1966 - 2000 197 - 219 91.3 – 91.7%
MLSS Vs COD REMOVAL
X AXIS Y AXIS
MLSS mg/l COD mg/l
850 512
1000 497
1200 406
1400 378
1600 307
1800 214
2000 167
MLSS Vs COD REMOVAL
0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 24000
100
200
300
400
500
600
MLSS CONCENTRATION mg/L
COD
mg/
L
MLSS Vs COD REMOVAL EFFICIENCY %
X AXIS Y AXIS
MLSS mg/l COD REMOVAL EFFICIENCY %
850 78.1%
1000 79.6%
1200 81.5%
1400 82.9%
1600 86.7%
1800 89.6%
2000 91.7%
MLSS Vs COD REMOVAL EFFICIENCY %
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 22000
20
40
60
80
100
MLSS Concentration mg/l
COD
Rem
oval
effi
cien
cy %
COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS
• The total operating cost of the conventional Effluent
treatment plant for personal care products industry is
considered to be around Rs. 24,00,000 annually.
• At present, from the research findings of this project
( Fenton Process) is proposed the operating cost of the
Effluent treatment plant for personal care products
industry is considered to be around Rs. 16,00,000
annually.
• As said above, the Fenton process required additional
facilitation to treat the effluent with maximal
efficiency in a boundary of minimal operating cost as
it required from the industry, we suggest the
combined Fenton and Activated Sludge Process for
PCP’s treatment.
• As it modified, the operating cost of combined
Fenton and Activated Sludge Process is around
Rs 14,50,000 annually.
• It is concluded and suggested from the findings of
this project that the cost of the conventional treatment
process is more when compared with the Fenton
Process.
CONCLUSIONS
• In first phase of work a batch study was conducted.
• For maximum COD removal efficiency the optimum
conditions are pH 3.5 , Fenton’s ratio 1:5 (1 gm of
Fe2+ : 5 ml of H2O2) and 60 mins of treatment time.
• Max COD removal efficiency is 93.9%.
• The increase in TDS level in batch mode process is
identified and it is a drawback in this system.
• To overcome the above drawback in the Second
Phase of work, without altering the influent pH 5,
Fenton process was carried out and the COD removal
removal efficiency was found to be around 60%.
• At the request of the industry, we carried out the
combined Fenton and Activated sludge Process (ASP)
at the influent pH 5 and COD removal efficiency was
calculated.
• The overall COD removal efficiency of the combined
treatment process was found to be around 98%
• The operating costs of the proposed treatment process
is less when compared to the existing treatment
process by 40%.
Time Line Phase IIWork/ Month
January February March April May
LiteratureCollection
Sample collection & Testing
Reportpreparation
THANK YOU