mte matrix wrw new - · pdf filelow-voltage system classification and distortion limits ......
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1Matrix Filters© 2009 MTE Corporation
Adjustable Frequency DrivesInput Harmonic Mitigation
Matrix Filtersand
IEEE – 519120 V - 69,000 V
Wayne Walcott
March 5, 2009
2Matrix Filters© 2009 MTE Corporation
Harmonic Current Formula
(Ih)2
x 100%
hΣ
8
I1
h = 2THID =
Where:• Ih = magnitude of individual harmonic
content (RMS amps)• h = harmonic order• I1 = fundamental current (RMS amps)
3Matrix Filters© 2009 MTE Corporation
What are Harmonics
4Matrix Filters© 2009 MTE Corporation
Harmonic voltage distortion from nonlinear Harmonic current loads
5Matrix Filters© 2009 MTE Corporation
Results of Harmonic currents
6Matrix Filters© 2009 MTE Corporation
Where do harmonics come from
7Matrix Filters© 2009 MTE Corporation
3 phase six pulse bridge bus supply
8Matrix Filters© 2009 MTE Corporation
Why does a 6 pulse bridge produce odd harmonics?
9Matrix Filters© 2009 MTE Corporation
Displacement power factor:
10Matrix Filters© 2009 MTE Corporation
True power factor watts
11Matrix Filters© 2009 MTE Corporation
THID: Total Harmonic (I) current Distortion
12Matrix Filters© 2009 MTE Corporation
THVD: Total Harmonic Voltage Distortion
13Matrix Filters© 2009 MTE Corporation
14Matrix Filters© 2009 MTE Corporation
TDD: Total Demand Distortion(IEEE-519:1992)
15Matrix Filters© 2009 MTE Corporation
IEEE-519 Current Distortion (THID) limits forGeneral Distribution Systems120 V – 6900 V (Table 10.3 under “Recommended
Practices for Individual Consumers”)
ISC/IL <11 11≤h<17 17≤h<23 23≤h<35 35≤h TDD
<20 4.0 2.0 1.5 0.6 0.3 5.0
20<50 7.0 3.5 2.5 1.0 0.5 8.0
50<100 10.0 4.5 4.0 1.5 0.7 12.0
100<1000 12.0 5.5 5.0 2.0 1.0 15.0
>1000 15.0 7.0 6.0 2.5 1.4 20.0
I = maximum short circuit current at PCC
I = maximum fundamental load current at PCCSC
L
TDD = THID for more than 15 min. or 30 min.
*
* Limit for all power generation equipment
16Matrix Filters© 2009 MTE Corporation
IEEE-519• PCC
– At point of metering– Point where nonlinear load meets linear loads
• TDD– THID for 15 or 30 minutes
• THD– Instantaneous value of harmonic distortion– THVD Instantaneous value of harmonic Voltage
distortion– THID Instantaneous value of harmonic current
distortion
17Matrix Filters© 2009 MTE Corporation
Techniques to reduce VFD Harmonics
18Matrix Filters© 2009 MTE Corporation
MatrixTM Harmonic Filters
The High Performance Low Cost Alternative
to 12-pulse and 18-pulse Drives
19Matrix Filters© 2009 MTE Corporation
Matrix Harmonic Filters• A Matrix Harmonic Filter feeding a 6-pulse drive
provides better performance than 12-pulse and 18-pulse drives – Lower cost– Smaller size
• Help VFDs meet international power quality standards for harmonic distortion– IEEE- 519, G5/4, AS2279– EN 61000-3-2, EN 61000-3-4
20Matrix Filters© 2009 MTE Corporation
Matrix Filters Offer …
• Guaranteed THID levels of 5%
• High Efficiency
• Superior harmonic mitigation performance– Better than 12-pulse drives – Better than 18–pulse drives– Better than tuned harmonic trap filters
• No power system resonance problems
• No extensive harmonic studies
• IEEE – 519 compliance
21Matrix Filters© 2009 MTE Corporation
Matrix Filter Suitability• Diode or SCR front end
– Including phase control– Including SCR pre-charge circuits
• AC or DC drives
• VFD w/ DC link choke or AC line reactor
• Constant or Variable Torque
Application Notes available for special applications
22Matrix Filters© 2009 MTE Corporation
Matrix Filters Achieve the Cleanest Input Power
VFD
Standard6-pulse
Without Matrix Filter
With Matrix Filter
150HP, 12% Matrix Filter at Rated Output Current
-350
-300
-250
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04 0.045 0.05
Time [seconds]
Mag
nitu
de [A
mpe
res]
Output33.86%THiD
Matrix – They’re LOW PASS harmonic filters
so they filter all harmonic frequencies
23Matrix Filters© 2009 MTE Corporation
Matrix Filter Circuit Configuration
InputPower
6-pulseVFD
< 8% THID@ FULL LOAD
Standard Matrix Filter
24Matrix Filters© 2009 MTE Corporation
5% Matrix Filters reduce input current Harmonic Distortion even better than 18-pulse drives
Input current
VFD
Standard6-pulse
0102030405060708090
100
1 5 7 11 13 17 19
25Matrix Filters© 2009 MTE Corporation
Harmonic Current Spectrum5% Matrix Filter
5% Matrix Filter Harmonic Spectrum100% Load
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25Harmonic order
Har
mon
ic C
urre
nt, %
Typical Worst Case
26Matrix Filters© 2009 MTE Corporation
5% Matrix Filter Typical Harmonic Voltage Distortion
6% Source ImpedanceSource Impedance 6%
THVD=0.85% (worst case) THVD=0.59% (typical)
Full Load
00.10.20.30.40.50.60.7
300
420
660
780
1020
1140
1380
1500
1740
Worst Case Typical
IEEE-519 limits are 3% Individual, 5% THVD
27Matrix Filters© 2009 MTE Corporation
5% Matrix Filter Typical Harmonic Voltage Distortion
1.5% Source Impedance
Source Impedance 1.5% THVD=0.61% (worst case)
THVD=0.17% (typical)Full Load
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
300
420
660
780
1020
1140
1380
1500
1740
Worst Case Typical
IEEE-519 limits are 3% Individual, 5% THVD
28Matrix Filters© 2009 MTE Corporation
IEEE - 519 Voltage Distortion Limits –(Table 10.2 under “Recommended Practices for Individual Consumers/Limits on Commutation Notches”)
Low-Voltage System Classification and Distortion Limits
SpecialApplications*
GeneralSystem
DedicatedSystem†
Notch Depth 10% 20% 50%
THD (Voltage) 3% 5% 10%
Notch Area (AN)‡ 16400 22,800 36500
NOTE: The Value AN for other than 480 V systems should be multiplied by V/480* Special applications include hospitals and airports.†A dedicated system is exclusively dedicated to converter load. ‡In volt-microseconds at rated voltage and current.
29Matrix Filters© 2009 MTE Corporation
IEEE - 519 Voltage Distortion Limits –(Table 11.2 under “Recommended Practices for Utilities”)
Voltage Distortion LimitsBus Voltage at PCC Individual Voltage
Distortion %Total Voltage
Distortion THD (%)69kV and below 3.0 5.0
69.001 kV through 161 kV
1.5 2.5
161.001 kV and above
1.0 1.5
NOTE: High-voltage systems can have up to 2.0% THD where the cause is an HVDC terminal that will be attenuated by the time it is tapped for a user.
30Matrix Filters© 2009 MTE Corporation
Harmonic Voltage Distortion
(Vh)2
•100%
hΣ
8
V1
h = 2THVD =
Where:• Vh = magnitude of individual harmonic content (RMS volts)• h = harmonic order• V1 = fundamental Voltage (RMS )
31Matrix Filters© 2009 MTE Corporation
and Ohm’s Law works
(hX1Ih)2
• 100%
hΣ
8
V1
h = 2THVD =
Where:
• Ih = magnitude of individual harmonic content (RMS amps)• h = harmonic order• X1 = fundamental reactance• V1 = fundamental voltage (RMS)
32Matrix Filters© 2009 MTE Corporation
Which can be reduced to:
(hIh)2
• 100%
hΣ
8
Isc
h = 2THVD =
Where:
• Ih = magnitude of individual harmonic content (RMS amps)• h = harmonic order• V1 = fundamental current (RMS amps)
33Matrix Filters© 2009 MTE Corporation
Voltage Unbalance…..ANSI Standard C84.1-1989 Reports that at the PCC:
• 98% of power systems are within 0 - 3%• 66% of power systems are within 0 - 1%
– 34% of systems are 1% to 3% unbalanced
• Load unbalance within the building power distribution system adds to the utility unbalance at the point of utilization.
34Matrix Filters© 2009 MTE Corporation
6-pulse VFD with 5% Matrix Filter performs better than 18-pulse drive under normal operating conditions (0% to 100% load, with voltage unbalance)
18 Pulse Drive vs. 6-pulse VFD with Matrix Filter
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
Load, %
Tota
l Har
mon
ic C
urre
nt D
isto
rtio
n TH
ID, %
3% Line Unbalance
2% Line Unbalance
1% Line Unbalance
Balanced Lines
Matrix Filter3% Unbalance2% Unbalance1% Unbalance
18-Pulse Drive
Balanced Line
35Matrix Filters© 2009 MTE Corporation
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
Load, %
Tota
l Har
mon
ic C
urre
nt D
isto
rtion
TH
ID, %
3%Line Unbalance
2%Line Unbalance
1% Line Unbalance
Balanced Lines
8% Matrix Filter3% Unbalance2% Unbalance1% Unbalance
18-Pulse Drive
Balanced Line
5% Matrix Filters are even better than 18-pulse VFD with additional reactors
18-Pulse Drives3% Line Voltage Unbalance
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
Load, %
Tota
l Har
mon
ic C
urre
nt D
isto
rtio
n, T
HID
, %
18-Pulse Drive
18-Pulse Drive with 5% Line Reactorsfor Each Rectifier
Matrix (from previous chart)
36Matrix Filters© 2009 MTE Corporation
IEEE – 519 Solutions3% LineReactor
5% lineReactor
5% Line + 3% DC
Reactors
8% Matrix Filter (M8)
5% Matrix Filter (M5)
% Maximum AFD Load if all AFDs use same Harmonic Mitigation Method
5 11 14 18 62 100
8 18 23 29 100 100
12 27 34 43 100 100
15 34 43 54 100 100
20 45 57 71 100 100
Desired %THID at
PCC(IEEE-519)
37Matrix Filters© 2009 MTE Corporation
Matrix Filters produce cleaner input current waveforms than multi-pulse drives
20
00
80
60
40
20
0
20
40
60
80
00
20
0 0 005 0 01 0 015 0 02 0 025 0 03 0 035 0 04 0 045 0 05
THiD = 7.54%
Matrix Filter
00
80
60
40
20
0
20
40
60
80
00
12-Pulse
18-pulse
38Matrix Filters© 2009 MTE Corporation
5th Harmonic Trap Input Current
L5.I = f(...
379.5m 492.5m425.0m 450.0m-50.00
50.00
0
-25.00
25.00
Input CurrentTHID: 24.35%
Load: 100% Input Voltage: balanced Line Impedance: 0.25%
Input Reactor: 5% Output Reactor: None
39Matrix Filters© 2009 MTE Corporation
Input Current – Enhanced 5th Harmonic Trap(w/AFD input reactor)
L5.I...
422.5m 500.0m450.0m 466.7m
50.00
0
25.00
Input CurrentTHID: 23.07%
Load: 100% Input Voltage: balanced Line Impedance: 0.25%Input Reactor: 5% Output Reactor: 1.5%
40Matrix Filters© 2009 MTE Corporation
Matrix Filters are better than other Low Pass Filters
• Guaranteed performance levels
• Better current waveform to the drive
• Use with or without SCRs, input reactors & bus chokes
41Matrix Filters© 2009 MTE Corporation
Matrix Filters deliver better VFD input current waveform than Competitor’s Low Pass Filter
Competitor
VFD input current waveforms
Matrix Filter
42Matrix Filters© 2009 MTE Corporation
Matrix Harmonic Filters6 – 1200 Amps Standard208 – 690 VAC, 50/60 Hz
43Matrix Filters© 2009 MTE Corporation
Enclosure Options for Outdoor and Marine Environments
44Matrix Filters© 2009 MTE Corporation
Custom Engineered MatrixHarmonic Filters
Any Voltage, any Frequency,Any package thru 1800 Amps
45Matrix Filters© 2009 MTE Corporation
Visit MTE online www.mtecorp.com and try “CLICK find” for product selections and data
46Matrix Filters© 2009 MTE Corporation
Use“CLICK find” for Matrix Filters selection, price, CAD, user manuals and brochures
47Matrix Filters© 2009 MTE Corporation