MST214 Handout / SyllabusTable of Contents

• Part I -Student Syllabus Page Number

Terminology 25 Points of Sail 3--6Safety Devices 7Emergency Procedures 8Man Overboard Diagram 9Stopping a Boat Under Sail 10Important Checklists for Boat Operation 11--12Marine Systems 13Heavy Weather Sailing Techniques 14Basic Anchoring Techniques 15Rules of the Road 16Fogsignals, Lights, and Aids to Navigation 17Sail Shape, Trim & Balance 18--19Marine Radio Procedures 20Other Electronics 21Docking and Undocking Procedures 22--23Three Turning Forces Acting on a Boat Under Power

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• Part II -Student Workbook Take-home Quizzes and Worksheets 25--30 Take-home Quiz Answers 31

Harbor Chart 32

MarkHowe@cox.net

Terminology

Parts of a Boat

Helm: Rudder

Wheel Tiller

Hull Deck

Rail [toe rail] Lifeline Stanchion Pulpit

Scuppers [drains]

Keel (lead ballast)

Full Keel-Shallow Fin Keel-Deep Shoal Draft [shoal = shallow]

Fender [rubber bumper] Lazarette [storage] Block [pulley]

Cabin Cockpit V-berth

Anchoring Equipment: - ''Ground Tackle''

Rode Scope:[rope and chain] [Ratio of rode to depth]

Directions Upwind/Downwind

Weather/Lee

Higher/Lower Windward/Leeward

Head up/Fall off

Other Terms Tenderness/Heel -15° -20° maximum

Raise/Douse Sails Luff (verb) Luffing

Ease, Ease off vs. Slack, Release[scootch]

Winches turn clockwise [2 if by hand; 4 if by crank]

Way, Way on [motion thru' the water] Draft: [depth of something]

Boat Draft Sail Draft Weather Helm [turns into the wind]

True Wind vs. Apparent Wind

Dead ahead/Dead astern Port, Starboard Abeam Port/Starboard Bow Port/Starboard Quarter

Point System: 32points = 360°

[A boat sails by the apparent wind; not the true wind.]

Sails and Rigging Sails: Main Jib

[% is the distance from the mast forward]

Genoa Jib (130-180%)

Lapper (110-120%)

Working/Storm Jib (less than 100%)

Spars: Mast Boom

Standing Rigging:

Stays (Forestay/Headstay; Backstay) Shrouds: [holds mast front to back] [holds mast side to side]

Upper vs. Lower

Chainplates [anchoring points in hull] Diagonals [at an angle]

Turnbuckles [adjusting screws] Spreaders [cross trees]

Running Rigging:

Halyards/Halyard Winches [main starboard] Sheets/Sheet Winches [raising and lowering sails] [letting sail out/ pulling in]

Fairlead [rope guide] Traveler Boom Vang (e.g. jib sheet fairlead) [gizmo- main fairlead] [gizmo- sail flattener]

Gooseneck: [universal joint hinge for boom]

Outhaul Topping Lift (Boom Lift) [pulls out on the clew] [holds the boom up when the sail comes down]

Telltales/AWI Gasket [apparent wind indicators] [sail ties for folding]

Folding the main – like making a bed; stretch out along the boom [accordion vs. burrito fold]

Parts of a Sail

Corners: Head (Headboard)

Clew

Tack

Sides: Luff

Leech

Foot

Points of Sail Port Tack vs. Starboard Tack

Upwind Terms: Beating Close Hauled Pinching [edge of irons]

Downwind Terms: Reaching Terms: Running Close ReachRunning Free Beam Reach Running Before the Wind Broad ReachWing and Wing/ Wing Out

Changing Tack Come About Gybe

Preparatory Commands:

"Standby to come about" "Prepare to Gybe" ["Ready About"]

Command of Execution: Command of execution is given as the jib begins to collapse.

"Come About or Cut" "Gybe Ho" [jib sheets most important] [main sheet most important]

Battens [stiffening sticks]

Reef [makes sail smaller]

Reef Knot [half bow]

"Jiffy Reef"

[Grommet/Earing]

5 Points of Sail 1. Beat/Close Hauled [Pinching – edge of irons]2. Close Reach 3. Beam Reach 4. Broad Reach 5. Run

Safety Devices

The PFD - Personal Floatation Device Types:

(One per each I & II ~ Will float and turn an unconscious person. person on board; [maybe]readily accessible ) III ~ Will not save an unconscious person.

V ~ Inflatable; legal only if worn.

(One per boat; IV ~ Throwable device for man overboard; immediately yellow horseshoe. available .) Fire Extinguishers

CO2 Carbon Dioxide DC Dry Chemical Halon

Types of Fires: A. Wood or Alcohol ~ Can be put out with water.

For alcohol, feel for heat from an invisible flame.

B. Oil (or gas) ~ Must not be fought with water. [unless fine spray or wet blanket]Use extinguisher and/or smother.

C. Electrical ~ Turn off electricity and fight as you would an A or B fire.

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Emergency ProceduresProcedures for Fire at Sea 1.ALCOHOL STOVE -If fire is small, cover it with your cooking pot. If fire is larger, use fresh water. Avoid using seawater or extinguisher if possible; it ruins the stove. 2. WOOD FIRES -Douse with water and/or use extinguisher at the base of the flames.3.ENGINE FIRES -Do not open engine compartment any more than is necessary to discharge extinguisher bottle into engine compartment. Then close hatch immediately to smother fire. 4.ELECTRICAL FIRES -Turn batteries to OFF immediately, then fight the fire with the appropriate method for whatever is burning. 5.IF VESSEL IS ON FIRE, maneuver carefully so that the burning part of the vessel is downwind. Flames must blow away from the rest of the vessel and persons fighting the fire .

Man Overboard Procedures – rescue should take no more than 30sec.

1. PERSON OBSERVING MAN OVERBOARD yells "man overboard" and points at the person in the water. Continue pointing at the person until the helmsman has come alongside the person. If the person overboard goes out of sight, continue pointing in the direction the person was last seen. 2. HELMSMAN immediately turnsthe boat through the wind in a tacking maneuver until the vessel is aimed directly at the person and the jib is backwinded. When sailing downwind, the helmsman may head up to execute a come about releasing the sails. If the vessel is under power, shift to neutral. 3. ANY PERSON throws a Type II PFD toward person in the water and directs him to ''put it on''. This gives him a goal, keeping him fighting for survival as well as getting him into a PFD. Any available person should throw overboard anything that is floatable, including the trash, to be used as markers. 4. ADDITIONAL PERSON dons life jacket, secures rope to himself, and stands by to enter the water to assist if necessary (depending on crew and conditions). 5. RESCUE ALONG THE LEEWARD SIDE of the vessel, thereby sheltering the person overboard from the wind and waves. Use the life ring off stern bracket with rope attached to make connection with person.6. GET A LINE TO THE PERSON OVERBOARD, preferably with a loop tied with a bowline. Be sure the other end of the line is secured to the boat. Person overboard should get the loop around their chest, under the arms.

Man Overboard Recovery Techniques Assume one boat length for helmsman to register "MOB". Otherwise it should be a "knee - jerk" reaction.

Close Reach / Close Haul Beam Reach(Dashed Line is an enhancement that can ( Apparent wind will be be made by a more experienced skipper.) close reach to some degree)

Downwind

Broad Reach

Downwind Approach to a man must be from downwind with sails luffing. (See page 20) Man overboard maneuvers are designed to get your boat into position and stopped as quickly as possible. Avoid going into irons!! In irons, you may stop quickly, but you will lose control of the boat.

Run Most difficult: The longer you wait the harder to get back.Crash gybe may be the fastest if "wung out". Note: Down wind it will be necessary to tack to the man regardless of whether or not you choose to Gybe

UpwindBackJib

Approach to MOB somewhat more across the wind.

Important Checklists for Boat Operation Engine Starting Checklist

1. Open the engine compartment: a. Inspect for leaks, loose wires, etc. b. Smell for fumes; gasoline, propane, natural gas, etc.

2. Check the oil level. (Unnecessary to wipe the dipstick if the engine hasn't been run, but stick it again if it comes up clean.) 3. If Gasoline Engine: vent with the blower for at least 1 full minute, or 3 to 5 minutes if gas fumes are present at the blower vent in the stern. 4. Test batteries individually with cabin lights or voltmeter under load. 5. Start engine: [key or button]

a. Shift in neutral. b. Glow plug (or choke for gas) if necessary. c. Crack the throttle about 50% (unless the boat manual says different).

6. Check stern to ensure water is coming out the exhaust pipe. If not, check engine cooling water seacock and shut off engine if solution is not found. (Otherwise you may fry your engine.) 7. Look at the running engine for one minute to be certain all appears normal. Check the gauges on the control panel.

General Checklist 1.Review operations section in boat manual completely. 2.Check off inventory list in boat manual, particularly for the following:

a. First aid kit in head medicine cabinet above the sink. b. Life jackets - one for each person. c. Emergency equipment (flares, fire extinguisher, etc. Check dates.) d. Emergency Tiller (and how it attaches).

3.Visually check for potential problems such as the following: a. Rigging - standing and running. Look up! Check for twisted or damaged halyards, shrouds, and stays. b. Bilge water level. c. Anchor and rode assembled and ready for emergency use.

4. Fuel level. 5. Check the following for operability:

a. Radio -should be kept on channel 16 when under way. b. Bilge pumps. c. Running lights.

6. Electrical Systems Check -See Battery Operation Checklist.

Checklist for Cruising 1.Man overboard items immediately available for use. 2.Fresh water tanks full. 3.Head operable -holding tank empty. 4.Navigation charts and tools; know how to use them. 5.Weather reports.

Checklist for Battery Operation Warning: never switch batteries while the engine is running. Kill engine first and then restart. 1. Test the condition of each battery separately with the cabin lights. 2. a. If both batteries are OK, switch to BOTH (ALL) to start engine.

b. If one is weak, check to see if it is capable of starting engine. c. Run the engine on BOTH to keep both batteries in a charged condition.

3. Check the ampmeter gauge to see if alternator is charging. A healthy but weak battery should show a high charge rate for as much as an hour after engine has started. A weak battery that fails to charge indicates an equipment failure. 4. Generally: switch should be on BOTH when the engine is running (alternator charging all batteries). Use the weaker battery when engine is off for powering lights, radio, etc.

End of Cruise Checklist 1. Before entering the harbor, at least three miles offshore:

a. Pump the bilge. b. Empty the holding tank (or at the pump-out station) .

2. Tie up in the slip with NO overhang over dock in bow. 3. Stow sails in their accustomed manner. 4. Clean the interior as you would your home during daily housekeeping. 5. Rinse the exterior with fresh water; scrub with soap as necessary. 6. Re-stow equipment according to boat inventory sheet. 7. Turn off battery, switches off, unless boat manual says otherwise. 8. Make one last check before you leave your boat to be sure of the following:

a. No winch handles or other equipment are left out. b. Halyards are secured properly:

without tangles at the top; to the pulpits; away from the mast. c. Lines are neatly coiled, without excessive macrame, and hung off the deck

so they don't sit in a puddle.

K Kill B Batteries (on)I Ignition (remove key) R Reverse (out of)R Reverse (locks prop) I Ignition (on)B Batteries (use the weakest) K Kill (un)

Marine Systems Engines Diesel

1. Air in the lines from running out of fuel: bleed the lines [bleeder screw].2. Decompression -for a weak battery. [decompression lever on top of the block].3. Do not turn off the key until engine is stopped. [kill lever on panel].

Water Pump - Cooling water not coming out exhaust 1. Check the through-hull valve (seacock). 2. Check the water hose for kelp. 3. Check the impeller inside the seawater pump.

Alcohol Stove (Always keep a teakettle of water handy.) 1. Pressurize the fuel tank (valve off). 2. Prime the cup (valve on a few seconds to get a few tablespoons). 3. Let it burn for 2 to 3 minutes (valve off). 4. Light the burner and cook (valve on).

Marine head Nothing shall go into the head that hasn't been eaten first. 1. Switch valve to flush and pump a few times to wet the bowl. 2. Use the head and continue pumping until waste disappears, plus at least 10

additional pumps to clear waste from lines. Toilet paper only in small quantities, at a time.

3. Switch valve to dry position and pump to empty bowl and to avoid sinking your boat.

4. Y - valve may be set in either the overboard or holding tank discharge positions when in use, depending on if you are at sea or in port. Use common sense.

Holding tank requires a separate system for pumping overboard.

Heavy Weather Sailing TechniquesReefing the Main UnderwayNote: it is not necessary to stop sailing while reefing; can be done in 30sec.1. Lower the sail2. Reef the tack3. Reef the clew4. Raise the sail

Be sure the earings are not tied

Rolling the JibAvoid using the winch

Survival techniques1. Run

Downwind2. Heave to

Sails are up, rudder to wind3. Lie a'hull (Lie to)

Sails down, rudder to wind4. Sea anchor

At the bow, change angle

Basic Anchoring TechniquesSingle anchor on the bow

Advantages :The boat can swing into the wind if the wind changes.

Disadvantages :You can move a lot.

Anchoring bow & sternAdvantages :

The boat doesn't move if the wind changes or dies.Disadvantages :

You can be broadside to the wind.

Anchoring double bowAdvantages :

The boat can swing into the wind if the wind changes (also current).You don't move much.

Disadvantages :Anchor rodes can be twisted if the wind shifts or dies.

Basic Rule : Always anchor the same as everybody else.

Holding power : The fundamental underlying principle is horizontal pull or parallel to the bottom.

1. Scope2. Weight of chain

Getting the anchor back up :1. Soft bottom ; sand or mud. Easiest.2. Rocks or rocky bottom. Jiggle it loose.3. Kelp Knife.

Kinds of anchors :Danforth or LightweightAdvantages :

Lighter weight ; good in soft bottom.Disadvantages :

Not good in rock or kelp or weedy bottom.Plow typeAdvantages :

Good all round anchor.Disadvantages :

Heavier weight.

Rules of the RoadPower

Rule:Both vessels keep right – neither vessel stands on.

Vessel in front stands on – overtaking vessel gives way.

Vessel to starboard stands on – vessel to port gives way

Power vs. Sail Sailboats have right of way over power vessels with the standard exceptions.

Sail Primary Rule:

Starboard Tack Rule (Opposite Tack Rule)

Secondary Rule:

Closer Hauled Vessel Rule (Same Tack Rule)

Standard Exceptions to the Above Rules: 1. Overtaking2. Fishing and Towing if it significantly impedes maneuverability.3. Special Operations [Christmas Tree rule]4. Larger vessel with limited maneuverability - vessel restricted to a narrow channel. (i.e. shipping lanes.)

Note: In a collision situation between two vessels on the same tack, the closer hauled vessel will be the vessel to leeward!!

Lights - Shown from sunset to sunrise and during periods of poor visibility .

Fog signals: To be sounded at least every two minutes.4 -6 seconds

Power

1 second "Exceptional Vessel" (Including Sail)

Towed Vessel

AIDS TO NAVIGATION The Red Right Returning Rule

At Anchor: 5 second bell

Red Triangle

Red Nun (or spar)

Red lightEntering

Green Square

Green Can

Green Light

Sail Shape & TrimShape:

Aerodynamic liftShape too flat vs. too twisted.Determined by height of clew.Draft as an issue.

Trim:Angle of attack – Power

Shaping the main vs. Trim1. Sheet allows boom to rise – twist2. Sheet shapes vs. traveler trims – prevents rise.3. Topping lift raises boom for light winds.4. Vang prevents boom rising when traveler can't.

Shaping the jib vs. Trim1. Lead position determines tension on leech vs. foot.2. Inside vs. outside track.3. Barber hauler.4. Use of a pole.

Balance of Sail Plan

Center of Effort (CE) – The center of wind forces acting on sails or sail plan

(geometric center of triangular area).

Center of Lateral Resistance (CLR) – The balance point of the "wetted surface".

Balance determines "Helm" – Weather vs. Lee

Static basics – In one plane, the balance between CE & CLR.

"If the CE is forward of the CLR –> lee helm."Moving CLR – changing the distribution of weight.Moving CE – changing the distribution of sail area.

Dynamic – When the boat is sailing there is no lee helm, only weather helm.

Hull shape & design (wetted) – Heel causes weather helm; like a steak knife through cheese.

CE changes because:1. Force is not lateral.2. CE is off the midline (3-D) the more heel, the more leverage.

CLR changes because:1. Forces push bow down (CLR forward) increasing weather helm.2. Rudder lifts stern in response.

The greater the wind, the more heel, the more weather helm.Reduce heel, reduce weather helm, increase efficiency.

Question: How can twisting a sail help a boat sail to weather?

Marine Radio Procedures VHF-FM -Very High Frequency-Frequency Modulation

.• Controls: On/Off Volume Squelch -sensitivity High/Low Power Setting -25 watt maximum Channel Selector -up to 55 channels Handset -push-to-talk button

.• Channels: Coast Guard Official

Ship to Ship Intership Communications

Channels 68-72

.• Rules: Standard FCC 1. No profanity 2. Yield to any priority call. 3. 3 minute limit per call. 4. 10 minute intermission between conversations. 5. 2 minute wait between unanswered calls to a maximum of 3 tries,

then wait 15 minutes before trying again .

.• Priority Calls: (Broadcast to all stations) #1 Distress Mayday Life and/or property in immediate danger.#2 Urgent Pan Pan Same but not immediate. #3 Safety to

Navigation Securite' Information regarding dangers to safe navigation

.• Distress Message: 1. Position 2. Problem 3. Assistance Required (if appropriate) 4. Descriptive Information -Type/color of vessel, persons on board,

signaling devices to be used.

No conversations on Ch.16. Calling to switch is not a conversation. Give/ receive confirmation of the channel to switch to before switching.

16 Distress and Calling 6 Backup Emergency Channel 22 Coast Guard Working Channel

Emergency Channels

Weather (WX)1 & 2 (Los Angeles and San Diego) 3-6 (Computer voice)

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Other Electronics on board: Depth meter:

Echo location, sonar.RDF:

Radio direction finder, any radio station. Good for homing more than fixing position.Loran :

Long range navigation, Master and slave, fairly unjammable and can't be shot down.GPS:

Global positioning system [satellites], real time, can be jammed or shot down.What do you want it to do? Position? What direction and how far?

Direction Speed Distance to a waypointCOG SOG RangeCourseHeadingBearing [to WP] VMG [to WP]

Using and making waypoints.Using a tracklog.Using GIS to make a map.

Operation of the Garmin 76Cx GPS for logging a cruiseTurn the Garmin on by pressing and holding the red light button. Turn it off the same way.

Tracklog:Go page by page to tracklog; ensure it is ON.The unit will make a track of your every move.Be sure to turn the unit off when anchored.

Waypoint: this logs your positionEach hour when on watch under way, press and hold the enter button. The OK field will be lit; hit enter to enter the waypoint and make a log entry. Each waypoint will be a number; log the waypoint number and the time. This will make a permanent record of the position of all vessels at that time.Whenever unusual things are sighted or happen, create a waypoint and log it. If you go to the waypoint field and hit enter, you can name the waypoint as appropriate:

Dolphins, whales, mast crashed down, etc.Learning to name waypoints will be good practice for future exercises.

Miscellaneous:Quit takes you back; use it like the back button on a computer.Find takes you to waypoints you have made.Map takes you to where you are on the map.Settings allows you to change all kinds of things:

Check time, units and experiment but don’t forget where you started.Hitting menu on the data screen allows you to change the various fields.

Docking and Undocking ProceduresUpwind Exits Walk the boat out!

REMEMBER: When a boat is under power at low speeds, the bow will tend to blow downwind, and the boat will back to windward in reverse.

Walk the boat back into the channel and allow the wind to blow the stern down wind.

Stop the boat (before you fall into.the water) and pull it forward alongside where you are standing. (If the wind is strong, the helms man may assist by idling forward slowly.)

When the boat is alongside, push out hard and climb aboard at the shrouds. Meanwhile, the helmsman shifts into forward. (If you do this calmly, no one will fall into the water.)

So ... If you blow your exit completely, just back out as if that's the way you planned it. Do it slowly and calmly.

Downwind Exits Put the boat in reverse and power it out.

With a lot of help from the crew, back straight in reverse with minimal throttle until halfway out of the slip.

Turn rudder to start the turn and when halfway out of the slip, instruct crew to get aboard and fend the bow!

When the bow clears the slip, shift into neutral. Keep rudder turned and wait patiently for boat to finish turning and slow.

As boat loses stern way (but before it stops), shift into Forward, turn the Wheel 45° the other way and apply medium Power.

Note: This is just like backing a car out of a tight parking space.A 45° rudder angle should be as far as the wheel will turn. Never try to guess what is 'far enough'.

Docking Approach at between 1-2 knots to maintain steerage. There will be a significant difference in your shifting and throttle between headwind and tailwind!

Approach along the opposite 2/3rds of the channel from your slip and shift into neutral. Begin your turn two slips prior to your slip or sooner!3 slips may be better!

Start turning slowly; there's plenty of time for corrections if you start early enough. If you feel you have too much speed, shift into reverse at idle! Steer the mast as the pivot point.

When the bow has entered the slip, shift into reverse and increase the throttle as necessary to stop forward way. Steer the mast for the center of the slip

Plan A. If you plan ahead, best is two people ready with bow lines in hand at the shrouds. Plan B. Last minute save, somebody (the bigger the better) braced on the dock at the bow.

Handy Hints to keep in mind: • Don't let shifting distract you from steering the boat!!! • Learn to reach over the top of the wheel, not through the spokes. • On windy days, try to bump the weather side of the slip.

This allows for leeway. • Step ashore carefully from the shrouds - don't leap from the bow!!

IN TENSE MOMENTS: • Idle before every shift, even if it's just to neutral.

Remember the shift is on the left side. • Be sure you are in gear before hitting the throttle. Make your shifts very

definite and push the lever all the way to the stop. • Don't over rev your engine; use moderate RPM's and wait patiently for the boat to

respond. (While you're waiting, be sure you're in gear.) • Avoid shifting rapidly between forward and reverse. A half second pause in

neutral may save a transmission repair bill.

Emergency stops:When the engine stalls, transmission jams, etc.

Three Turning Forces Acting on a Boat Maneuvering Under Power

1. STEERAGEWAY - Boat must have way for steerage. 2. PROPELLER THRUST ON RUDDER - Prop wash directed by the rudder

brings prompt and strong steerage response. 3. HANDEDNESS OF THE PROPELLER - The stern may be strongly pulled to

one side due to the direction of prop rotation. Pilots call this "P-Factor". When you begin backing out of your slip, you have no steerageway, no prop wash on the rudder, your stern automatically pulls to the left (assuming right handed screw).

In Forward:

In Reverse: .

Pivot Turn: Make the turn the same direction as the Prop Rotation.Use Wheel, Reverse, Power [WRP]Turn the Wheel; shift into Reverse; apply medium Power.The "P-Factor" of the prop rotation sucks the back of the boat to the left as you pivot to the right (assuming right handed screw).

Highly significant force in reverse.

Insignificant force in forward.

Diagram for Sail Quiz #1A

Stern view

This diagram has some problems but give it a try, then check the answers. You can use it to quiz yourself on the various parts of the boat before coming to Labs.

Answer sheet ; import from spreadsheet.

Basic Sailing Quiz #2AFor each situation:

Write in as many letters from each column as are appropriate.

Points of Sail Wind Directions TacksA. Beat H. Dead Ahead O. No Tack B. Run I. Dead Astern P. Port C. Beam Reach J. Abeam S. Starboard D. Close Reach K. Off the Bow E. Broad Reach L. Off the Quarter F. In Irons G. Close Hauled

Basic Sailing Quiz #2B

1. On which point of sail do we not receive aerodynamic lift?_____________________

2. Which knot is employed to make a loop which does not slip?___________________

3. The boat is pointed in which direction when we raise the

mainsail? ___________________________Jib? ________________________________

4. Which three lines must be released before we attempt to raise the mainsail?

1._____________________2._______________________3._____________________

5. What is the first item we look for when we charter an Aventura vessel?

_________________________________________________________________

6. How do we tie halyards when finished with a boat having halyards outside the mast?

____________________ ____________________ ___________________

7. The point of sail in the opposite direction from a beat is:_______________________

8. When a boat sails are in tight, the point-of-sail is:____________________________

9. When sailing close hauled and the sails luff, you should: ______________________

10. If you are on course, reaching, and the sails luff, you should: __________________

11. When the outside (leeward) telltale on the luff of the jib begins to flap, the sails are trimmed:_______________________________________________________________

12. What is the boat's tack if the mainsail is on the left side of the boat?_____________

13. What are three ways to stop a boat under sail?

1._____________________2._______________________3._____________________

14. What is the difference between a gybe and coming about?

_________________________________________________________________

Basic Sailing Quiz #3

RULES OF THE ROAD / AIDS TO NAVIGATION

_____1. Which of the following definitions are correct? a. Power vessel - Any vessel propelled by machinery including sailing vessel under sail and power. b. Danger Zone - Area from dead ahead to two points abaft the starboard beam of a vessel under power. c. Underway - Not at anchor, aground, nor made fast to the shore. d. All of the above.

_____2. A stand on vessel (privileged vessel) a. Can run at night without worrying about other boats. b. Must maintain course and speed. c. Must give two prolonged blasts to warn other vessels away. d. Must keep clear of burdened vessels.

_____3. What are the duties of a give way (burdened) vessel? a. Increase speed and cross well ahead of the other vessel. b. Take action to keep out of the way, usually by passing astern of the stand on vessel. c. Use the general prudential rule so that neither vessel has the right of way. d. All of the above. .

_____4. Auxiliaries, when driven by motor or sail, shall display lights of a sailboat only. (T or F )

_____5. Running lights must be shown from 6am to sunset. (T or F )

_____6. The closer hauled vessel will always be to leeward if the relative bearing is unchanging. ( T or F )

_____7. You are inside the harbor, sailing downwind on a starboard tack, and are in danger of colliding with another vessel sailing upwind on a port tack. Which of the following is true? a. You maintain course and speed so he can avoid you. b. You should give two blasts on your horn and keep to the right. c. You should take action to keep clear of other vessels. d. You give one blast on your horn and wait for his answer.

_____8. In restricted waters, a smaller vessel gives way to a larger vessel when the larger vessel has limited maneuverability. (T or F ) .

_____9. When the wind is on the same side for two sailboats, the closer hauled vessel has the right of way. The Give Way (burdened) vessel is: a. the vessel to windward b. the vessel to leeward c. the higher pointing vessel to the wind d. both a and c

_____10. A stand on vessel may give way to a give way vessel if he wishes. (T or F )

_____11. A stand on vessel must take action to avoid a collision when action by the give way vessel cannot avoid collision. (T or F )

_____12. A 32 point light is visible all around the horizon or 360°. (T or F )

_____13. Red and green side lights shall show:

_____14. Sailboats have the right of way over power boats except: a. when they are overtaking another vessel b. in areas where larger boats are restricted to a channel c. when other craft are engaged in fishing d. all of the above

_____ 15. Under the International Rules, which is correct? a. Sailing vessels do not indicate their course or intended action in passing by whistle signals. b. Sailing vessels under sail and power are considered power vessels. c. Sailing vessels under sail alone do not have the right of way when:

I. overtaking a power vessel. II. in a narrow channel where the other vessel can only navigate safely within that channel.III. when another vessel is engaged in fishing with nets, lines, or trawls.

d. All of the above ____ 16. What would be recognized as a danger signal in all areas?

a. Three distinct blasts. b. Five or more short blasts. c. Four short blasts. d. Two long, followed by two short blasts. For each of the following sailing situations, assume the wind is from the top of the page, you are on the course indicated under sail alone, and you see the light indicated on a relative bearing from you that does not change. (Hint: draw in the other vessel or make yourself a model boat.) You are the boat shown; He is the light shown; the Line is the bearing from you to him.

Who has the Right of Way? Why? a. He does b. You do

c. You are on starboard tack d. He is on starboard tack e. You are closer hauled (leeward) f. He is closer hauled (leeward) g. It is an overtaking situation

Write the letters from each column that answer each of the following situations.

Relative bearing________17.________18. ________19. ________20. ________21. ________22. ________23. ________24.