msp15 the fourier transform (cont’) lim, 1990. msp16 the fourier series expansion suppose g(t) is...

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MSP 1 The Fourier Transform (cont’) Lim, 1990

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Page 1: MSP15 The Fourier Transform (cont’) Lim, 1990. MSP16 The Fourier Series Expansion Suppose g(t) is a transient function that is zero outside the interval

MSP1

The FourierTransform (cont’)

Lim, 1990Lim, 1990

Page 2: MSP15 The Fourier Transform (cont’) Lim, 1990. MSP16 The Fourier Series Expansion Suppose g(t) is a transient function that is zero outside the interval

MSP2

The Fourier Series Expansion

• Suppose g(t) is a transient function that is zero outside the interval [-T/2,T/2] (e.g., a cycle of a periodic function). We can obtain a sequence of coefficients by making s a discrete variable and integrating over the interval (with period T), so that

Page 3: MSP15 The Fourier Transform (cont’) Lim, 1990. MSP16 The Fourier Series Expansion Suppose g(t) is a transient function that is zero outside the interval

MSP3

The Fourier Series Expansion (cont’)

0

)(2

0

)(2

2

2

)(2

1)()(

)()()(

n

T

ntj

nn

stnj

T

T

stnj

eGT

sesnGtg

dtetgsnGnG

Ts 1where

Page 4: MSP15 The Fourier Transform (cont’) Lim, 1990. MSP16 The Fourier Series Expansion Suppose g(t) is a transient function that is zero outside the interval

MSP4

The Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)

• If we discretize both time and frequency the Fourier transform pair of a series become

n

nN

ij

nn

tisnji

N

Nn

iN

nj

i

N

Nn

tisnj

eGT

sesnGtigtg

egN

TtetigsnGnG

)(2)(2

2

2

)(22

2

)(2

1)()()(

)()()(

Page 5: MSP15 The Fourier Transform (cont’) Lim, 1990. MSP16 The Fourier Series Expansion Suppose g(t) is a transient function that is zero outside the interval

MSP5

The DFT (cont’)

• If {fi} is a sequence of length N (by taking samples of a continuous function at equal intervals) then its discrete Fourier transform pair is given by

1,0 ,1

1

1

0

2

1

0

2

NnieFN

f

efN

F

N

n

nN

ij

ni

N

i

iN

nj

in

Page 6: MSP15 The Fourier Transform (cont’) Lim, 1990. MSP16 The Fourier Series Expansion Suppose g(t) is a transient function that is zero outside the interval

MSP6

Properties of the Fourier Transform

• The addition theorem (addition in time/spatial domain corresponds to addition in frequency)

• The shift theorem (shifting a function causes to only phase shift)

• The convolution theorem (convolution is equivalent to multiplication in the other domain)

• …

Page 7: MSP15 The Fourier Transform (cont’) Lim, 1990. MSP16 The Fourier Series Expansion Suppose g(t) is a transient function that is zero outside the interval

MSP7

The Addition Theorem

)()(

)()(

)()(

)()(

22

2

sGsF

dtetgdtetf

dtetgtf

tgtf

stjstj

stj

Castleman, 1996Castleman, 1996

Page 8: MSP15 The Fourier Transform (cont’) Lim, 1990. MSP16 The Fourier Series Expansion Suppose g(t) is a transient function that is zero outside the interval

MSP8

The Fourier Transform of a 2D Sequence x(m,n)

• The Fourier Transform Pair

2121212

212121

)}(exp{),()2(

1),(

,- )},(exp{),(),(

1 2

ddnmjXnmx

nmjnmxXm n

Page 9: MSP15 The Fourier Transform (cont’) Lim, 1990. MSP16 The Fourier Series Expansion Suppose g(t) is a transient function that is zero outside the interval

MSP9

A 2D Fourier Transform

Castleman, 1996Castleman, 1996

Page 10: MSP15 The Fourier Transform (cont’) Lim, 1990. MSP16 The Fourier Series Expansion Suppose g(t) is a transient function that is zero outside the interval

MSP10

Properties of 2D Fourier Transform

Castleman, 1996Castleman, 1996

Page 11: MSP15 The Fourier Transform (cont’) Lim, 1990. MSP16 The Fourier Series Expansion Suppose g(t) is a transient function that is zero outside the interval

MSP11

The Fourier Transform (cont’)

• Example 1 (xh)

)cos(3

1)cos(

3

1

3

1

6

1

6

1

6

1

6

1

3

1

)}(exp{),(),(

21

22112121

2121

1 2

jjjj

n n

eeee

nnjnnhH

Lim, 1990Lim, 1990

Page 12: MSP15 The Fourier Transform (cont’) Lim, 1990. MSP16 The Fourier Series Expansion Suppose g(t) is a transient function that is zero outside the interval

MSP12

The Fourier Transform (cont’)

Lim, 1990Lim, 1990

Page 13: MSP15 The Fourier Transform (cont’) Lim, 1990. MSP16 The Fourier Series Expansion Suppose g(t) is a transient function that is zero outside the interval

MSP13

The Fourier Transform (cont’)

Lim, 1990Lim, 1990

Page 14: MSP15 The Fourier Transform (cont’) Lim, 1990. MSP16 The Fourier Series Expansion Suppose g(t) is a transient function that is zero outside the interval

MSP14

The Fourier Transform (cont’)

)2cos-(3)2cos-(3

)()(),(

21

221121

HHH

Lim, 1990Lim, 1990