M.Sc. Chemistry Course Structure

Central University of Karnataka, Gulbarga.Semester-I

No. of credits = 19CY-01Inorganic Chemistry I4 credits

CY-02Organic Chemistry I4 credits

CY-03Physical Chemistry I4 credits

CY-04Separation Science and Instrumentation3 credits

CYL-05Inorganic Chemistry Lab2 credits

CYL-06Organic Chemistry Lab2 credits

Semester-II

No. of credits = 19CY-07Inorganic Chemistry II4 credits

CY-08Organic Chemistry II4 credits

CY-09Physical Chemistry II4 credits

CY-10Chemistry of Life3 credits

CYL-11Physical Chemistry Lab2 credits

CYL-12Computational Chemistry Lab2 credits

Semester-III

No. of credits = 20CY-13Group theory &Molecular Spectroscopy

3 credits

CY-14Nanoscience and Alternate energy resources3 credits

CY-15Advanced Organometallics3 credits

CY-16Biological Chemistry3 credits

CY-17Advanced Organic Chemistry3 credits

CY-18Spectroscopic Identification of Organic/Inorganic Compounds3 credits

CY-19Industrial Visits & Seminar2 credits

Semester-IV

No. of credits = 20CYP-20Research Proposal2 credits

CYP-21Research Project

14 credits

CYP-22Comprehensive viva2 credits

CY-23Personality development/Seminar2 credits

To achieve M.Sc. degree students needs to fulfill 78 creditsCY 01: Inorganic Chemistry-I

Credit - 4 UNIT I-Atomic Structure and Periodic Table: Atom as nucleus with orbital electrons, concept of wave-functions, quantum numbers, Arrangement of elements in Groups in the Periodic Table, Different blocks of elements, periodic properties, atomic states and term symbols. Bonding and structure: Types of bonds, orbital symmetry and overlaps, concept of MO and VB theory, concept of hybridization, bond energy and covalent radii, concept of resonance, molecular dipole moment; polarizing power and polarizability, Fajans rules.

UNIT II-Inorganic Solids and Nuclear Chemistry: Types of solids, covalent, ionic, molecular and metallic solids, lattice energy, cohesive energy and Medulong constants, Van der Waals forces,hydrogen bonding, unit cell, crystal lattices,structures. Imperfections in crystals (point defects and F centers). Nuclear chemistry: radioactive decay and equilibrium. nuclear reactions, Q value, cross sections, types of reactions, chemical effects of nuclear transformations;fission and fusion, fissionproducts and fissionyields; radioactive techniques, tracer technique.UNIT III-P block elements, including noble gas compounds: Boron and Silicon based compounds: Boron hydrides (small boranes and their anions, B1B4), boronnitride, borazines, carboranes, metalloboranes,metallocarboranes;silicates,silicones, diamond, graphite, zeolites. Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Sulphur and noble gas compounds: Hydrides, oxides and oxy acids of Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Sulphur and halogens; phosphazines, sulphur-nitrogen compounds, inter halogen compounds, pseudo halogens, noble gas compounds.

UNIT IV-Clathrates, rings, cages and supramolecular chemistry: Poly anions and isopoly anions, heteropoly anions; clathrates (noble gases, phosphazines) hydrogen bonding in clathrates, Phosphorous and Oxygen cage compounds. Supramolecular chemistry, definition, host-guest interaction, cation, anion & neutral molecule binding hosts, crown ethers, calixarenes, application of supramolecular chemistry; supramolecular chemistry in biologyReference books:1. J. E. Huheey, Inorganic Chemistry, Principles, Structure and Reactivity, Harper and Row, 3rd Edn, 1983.

2. N. N. Greenwood, A. Earnshaw, Chemistry of the Elements,2nd Edn, Pergamon Press, 1989.

3. D. F. Shriver, P.W.Atkins, C.H. Langford, Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Edn, ELBS, 1994.

4. W. L. Jolly, Modern Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Edn., McGraw-Hill, 1991.

5. F. A. Cotton and G. Wilkinson, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, A comprehensive Text, John Wiley, 5th Edn, 1987.

CY 02: Organic Chemistry-I

Credit- 4

Unit I- Reaction mechanism and intermediates: Type of reactions and mechanisms, kinetic and thermodynamic control, Hammond's postulate, Curtin-Hammett principle, Potential energy diagrams, methods of determining mechanisms, isotopes effects, effect of structure on reactivity; resonance, inductive, electrostatic and steric effect, quantitative treatment. Intermediates in reaction:Generation, structure stability and formation of carbocation, carbanion, classical and non-classical carbocations,norbornyl system; neighbouring group participation. Unit II- Stereochemistry: Elements of symmetry, chirality, Projection formulae, enantiomers, diasteroisomers, racemic mixture and their resolution, configurational notations of simple molecules, DL and RS configurational notations, methods of resolution, optical purity, stereospecific and stereoselective synthesis, Asymmetric synthesis, Optical activity in the absence of chiral carbon, conformational analysis of cyclic compounds, effect of conformation on the course of rate of reactions, effect of conformation on reactivity, geometrical isomerism.Unit III- Substitution reactions: The SN2, SN1, mixed SN1 and SN2 and SET mechanism, SNi mechanism, SE2 and SE1 mechanism. Reactivity effects of substrate structure, attacking nucleophile, leaving group and reaction medium; ambident nucleophile, regioselectivity, SNAr, benzyne and SN1 mechanism. Arenium ion mechanism, ipso attack, orientation in other ring systems.

Unit IV- Elimination and addition reactions: The E2, E1 and E1cB mechanisms, Hoffman and Saytzeff modes of elimination, orientation of the double bond, reactivity effects of substrate structures, attacking base, the leaving group and the medium, pyrolytic elimination. Mechanistic and stereochemical aspects of addition reactions involving electrophiles, nucleophiles and free radicals, Regio- and chemoselectivity, orientation and reactivity.Reactivity of carbonyl group, homologation and dehomologation of carbonyl compounds, nucleophilic addition of hetero-atoms (N,O,S), conjugate addition reactions, acylation of carbonyl carbon, carbonyl cyclizations and cleavages, carboxylic acids and derivatives, decarboxylation reactions, addition of Grignard reagents.

Reference books:1. Carey B. F. A., Sundberg R.J., (2007). Advanced Organic Chemistry Part A and Part B, Springer, 5th edition.

2. Kalsi, P.S., (2010). Stereochemistry: Conformation and Mechanism, New Age International (p) Ltd. New Delhi.3. Morrison, R.T., Boyd, R.N. (2011). Organic Chemistry, Prentice- Hall of India, 6th edition, New Delhi.

4. Smith, M. B., March J., (Latest Ed.) Marchs Advanced Organic Chemistry, John Wiley and Sons, 6th edition, New York.

5. Sykes, P., (1997). A Guide Book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, Prentice Hall, 6th edition. 6. Eliel, E. L.; Wilen, S. H.(2008) Stereochemistry of carbon compounds. Wiley, Student edition.7. Clayden, J.; Greeves, N.; Warren, S., (2012) Organic Chemistry, Oxford University press, 2nd edition.CY 03: Physical Chemistry-I

Credit - 4 UNIT I-Equilibrium Thermodynamics: Concept of work and heat, first law of thermodynamics, enthalpy and heat capacities- concept of entropy, second law of thermodynamics, third law of thermodynamics-residual entropy. Free energy, chemical potential, fugacity, liquids and solutions: ideal and non-ideal solutions, chemical equilibrium UNIT II-Statistical Thermodynamics: BE, FD, MB statistics and distribution, ensembles, partition functions and molecular partition functions, mean energy, Residual entropy, heat capacity of mono and diatomic gases, chemical equilibrium, Einstein and Debye theories of heat capacity of solids. Non-equilibrium thermodynamics, Postulates and methodologies, linear laws, Gibbs equation, Onsager reciprocal theory. UNIT III-Quantum Chemistry I: Introduction, Classical mechanics, Lagrange & Hamiltonian equation, Inadequacy & need for quantum mechanics, postulates, operators & operator algebra, eigen values, eigen vectors & commutation relationUNIT IV-Quantum Chemistry II: Wave Mechanics Solution of Schrdingers equation, particle in 1D, 2D & 3D boxes, Electron spin & Zeeman effect, variation & perturbation methods, Hartree and Hartree-Fock self consistent field model, Electronic configuration of atoms, addition of angular momenta, spectroscopic term symbols, spin-orbit coupling, selection rules for atomic spectraReference books:1. P. W. Atkins, Physical Chemistry, 6thEdtion Oxford, 1998.

2. L. A. Woodward, Molecular Statistics, Oxford.

3. Y. V.C. Rao, An Introduction to Thermodynamics, Wiley Eastern, 1993.

4. Physical Chemistry, R. S. Berry, S. A. Rice and J. Ross, Oxford, 2001.

5. M. Ladd, Introduction to Physical Chemistry, Cambridge, 1998.

6. D. A. McQuarrie and J. D. Simon Physical Chemistry, A molecular Approach, Viva, 1998.

7. F. W. Sears & G. L. Salinger, Thermodynamics, KineticTheory & Statistical Thermodynamics, Narosa, 1986.8. D. A. McQuairrie: Quantum Chemistry, Oxford University press, Oxford, 1982.

CY 04: Instrumentation and Separation Science

Credit -3 UNIT I: Thermal Analysis: Thermogravmetry (TGA), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC): definition, theoretical basis, instrumentation, factors affecting the data curve, applications, advantages and disadvantages.

UNIT II: Atomic and molecular spectroscopy: instrumentation of AAS, AES, ICP-MS/AES, UV-Vis, IR and CD spectroscopy. Introductory treatment of the above techniques with illustrative applications from all branches of chemistry. Identification of compounds using powder diffraction

UNIT III: Errors analysis: Accuracy and precision, absolute, relative, determinate and indeterminate errors, statistical treatment of random errors, computation rules for significant figures, method of least squares, mean deviations, and standard deviation.

UNIT IV: Titrations : Acid-base, complexometric, conduct metric and potentiometric titration- theory of acid base indicators, Mohr, Volhard and Fajans methods , EDTA based titration, Redox indicators, their use in volumetric analysis, iodometry and iodimetry.

UNIT V: Separation Techniques: Solvent extraction, thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography (LC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), ion exchange chromatography, gel permeation chromatography. Chromatography coupled instrumentation.

References:

1. Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry Douglas A. Skoog, Donald M. West, F. James Holler and Stanley R. Crouch, 9th Edition,Cengage Learning(2013).

2. Undergraduate Instrumental Analysis by James W. Robinson, Eileen M. Skelly Frame, George M. Frame II, Sixth Ed, Marcel Dekker, New York, 2005.

3. Introduction to Spectroscopy by Donald L. Pavia, Gary M. Lampman, George S. Kriz, James R. Vyvyan, Fourth Ed., Brooks/Cole Thomson Learning 2009.

4. Undergraduate Instrumental Analysis by James W. Robinson, Eileen M. Skelly Frame, George M. Frame II, Sixth Ed, Marcel Dekker, New York, 2005.

5. Analytical chemistry by Gary D. Christian, Purnendu Das gupta, Kevin Schug, 7th Edition, Wiley, 2013.

CYL 05: Inorganic Chemistry Lab

Credit -21) Qualitative Analysis: Semi-micro qualitative analysis of first known (group I & II), second known (III, IV, V & mixtures), third unknown (2 familiar ions & 2 unfamiliar ions) and fourth (2 familiar ions & 2 unfamiliar ions) in that respective order. (Total of 4 laboratory classes at the maximum)

2) Quantitative & Instrument methods of Analysis2.1) Sulphatotristhiourea-Estimation of Zinc by Gravimetric analysis

2.2) Trisoxalto cuprate-Estimation of oxalate & copper

2.3) Determination of Nickel from mixture of Nickel & copper from Gravimetric analysis

2.4) Flame photometry: Na+ and K+ ion present in Cement & tap water

2.5) Potentiometry: Ferrous ammonium sulphate (FAS) vs KmNO4; Estimation of Mn2+ ion in

Pyrolusite ore

2.6) Alloy analysis: Manganese in Steel by spectrophotometry

2.7) Acid Strength in a citrus fruit: pH titration method and also by conductometric analysis

3) Inorganic complex Synthesis & analysis:

3.1) Nickel complexes; Preparation of [Ni(en)3] S2O3, [Ni(H2O)6] Cl2, [Ni(NH3)6]Cl2 and studying

their absorption spectra.

3.2) Chloro pentammino cobalt(III) chloride; nitro pentammino cobalt(III) chloride; nitrito

pentammino cobalt(III) chloride

3.3) Cis/trans potassium di-aquo di-oxalato chromate (III)Reference books:1) Text book of Quantitative Analysis, A.I. Vogel 4th edn (1992)

2) Electronic Spectroscopy by A.B. P. Lever.

3) Inorganic Synthesis (Vol. Series)

CYL 06: Organic Chemistry Laboratory-I

Credit-2 1. Distillation techniques: Steam distillation, Fractional distillation, vacuum distillation etc. Purification and drying of common organic solvent.2. Organic Synthesis: Single or multi- steps synthesis of organic compounds. Preparation of students to independently carrying out 3-5 steps synthesis for their project in Sem-IV. Aspects such as conversion, yield, selectivity, atom economy, economic factor, green protocol and safety practices should be paid attention. i) Synthesis of a chalcones via Claisen-Schmidt condensationii) Synthesis of five membered heterocycle by cycloaddition methodiii) Experiment demonstrating protection &deprotection of functional groupiv) Preparation of allylic alcohols via Baylis-Hillman reaction using DABCO as a catalystv) Experiment depicting Grignard reagent generation and its reaction.

vi) Experiment for oxidation and reduction by using oxidizing and reducing agents.The products are to be separated either by column chromatography or by recrystallization. The products are to be characterized by melting point, IR spectroscopy etc.Reference books:

1. Vogel, A.I. (1996). Text book of practical organic chemistry, Pearson, 5th edition, UK.2. Adams, R.; Johnson, J.R.; Wilcox, C.F. (1970). Laboratory Experiments in Organic Chemistry, The Macmilan Limited, London.

3. Mann and Saunders. (2009). Practical organic chemistry, Pearson, 4th edition, UK.4. Pasto, D.P., Johnson, C., Miller, M. (1992). Experiments and Techniques in Organic Chemistry, Prentice Hall, 1st edition, US.

5. Roberts, R.M.; Gilbert, J.C.; Rodewald, L.B.; Wingrove, A.S. (1969). An introduction to Modern Experimental Organic Chemistry, Ranehart and Winston Inc., New York.

6. Williamson, K.L., Health, D.C. (1999). Macroscale and Microscale Organic Experiments, Heath, D.C. and Co.,Lexington, MA.CY 07: Inorganic Chemistry-II

Credit -4 UNIT I-Introduction to transition metal complexes: Brief review of the general characteristics of transition elements, types of ligands, nomenclature of coordination complexes, chelates, chelate effect, geometry and isomerism, formation of complexes, stability constants, Werner, Sidzwick and VSEPR theory.

UNIT II-Electronic structure of transition metal complexes 1: Crystal field theory, crystalfield splitting, application of d-orbital splittings to explain magnetic properties, low spin and high spin complexes, crystal field stabilization energy, spectrochemical series, weak and strong field complexes, thermodynamic and related aspects of crystal fields, ionic radii, heats of ligation, lattice energies, site preference energies. UNIT III-Electronic structure of transition metal complexes 2: VB and MO theory of complexes (quantitative principles involved in complexes with no pi and with pi bonding) and ligand filed theories and molecular symmetry, angular overlap model, Jahn Teller effect, electronic spectra of transition metal complexes, orgal and Tanabe-Sugano diagrams, charge transfer and d-d transitions, nephelauxetic series.

UNIT IV-Inorganic reaction mechanisms: Inert and labile compounds, substitution reactions of octahedral complexes, dissociative, associative, anation, aquation, conjugate base mechanism; substitution reactions of square planar complexes,transeffect, trans effect series, theories of trans effect; electron transfer reactions.

UNIT V-Magnetism & f-block elements: Dia, para, ferro and antiferro magnetism, quenching of orbital angular moment, spin orbit coupling; Chemistry of lanthanides and actinides: lanthanide contraction, oxidation states, spectral and magnetic properties, use of lanthanide compounds as shift reagents. Reference books:1. F. A. Cotton, G. Wilkinson, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, 5th Edn., John Wiley.

2. J. E. Huheey, Inorganic Chemistry, 3rd Edn., Harper International, 1983.

3. B. Douglas, D. McDaniel, J. Alexander,Concepts and Models of Inorganic Chemistry, 3rd Edn., John Wiley, 2001.

4. D. F. Shriver, P. W. Atkins, C. H. Langford, Inorganic Chemistry, ELBS. 1990.

5. N. N. Greenwood, A. Earnshaw, Chemistry of the Elements,2nd Edn., BH, 1997.

6. W. L. Jolly, Modern Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Edn., McGraw-Hill, 1991.

CY 08: Organic Chemistry-II

Credit- 4Unit I-Oxidations and reductions in organic synthesis: Mechanism, selectivity, stereochemistry and applications of Oppenauer, Baeyer-Villiger, NBS, lead tetraacetate, selenium dioxide, Cr and Mn reagents, periodic acid, Osmium tetroxide, Swern oxidations, hydroboration, dehydrogenation, ozonolysis, epoxidations using peracids. Mechanism, selectivity, stereochemistry and applications of catalytic hydrogenations using Pd, Pt and Ni catalysts, Clemmensen reduction, Wolff-Kishner reduction, Meerwein-Pondorff-Verley reduction, Dissolving metal reductions, metal hydride reductions using NaBH4, LiAlH4, DIBAL. Wilkinsons Rh catalysis, Boron in reduction Unit II-Reagents in organic synthesis: Lithiumdiisopropylamide(LDA), DicyclohexylCarbodiimide(DCC), 1,3-Dithiane (Umpolung reagent), Trimethylsilyliodide, Gilmans reagent, Bakers yeast, DDQ, Prevost Hydroxylation, Wilkinsons catalyst, Phase transfer catalysts: Quaternary ammonium and Phosphonium salts, Crown ethers, Merifield resin, Ziegler-Natta catalyst, Lawson reagents, K-selecteride Sodium cyanoborohydride, 9-BBN, IBX, Manganese dioxide, Ceric ammonium nitrate, Tebbe reagent, use of Os, Ru reagents. Unit III-Rearrangements in organic synthesis: Pinacol-pinacolone, Wagner-Meerwein, Demjanov, Benzil-Benzillic acid, Favorskii, Neber, Beckmann, Hofmann Curtius, Schmidt, Baeyer-Villiger,Claisen, Cope, Smiles and SommeletHauser rearrangements, Arndt-Eister syntheses.

Unit IV-Named reactions in organic synthesis: Mukaiyama aldol reaction, Mitsunobu reaction, Sharpless epoxidation, Julia-Lythgoe olefination, Buchwald-Hartwig coupling, Shapiro reaction, Stork-enamine reaction Aza-Cope, Aza-Wittig reaction. Ugi reaction, RobinsonGabriel synthesis, Strecker amino acid synthesis, VilsmeierHaack reaction, WohlZiegler reaction, Baylis-Hillman reaction, Chichibabin reaction, Barton reaction, Biginelli reaction.Unit V-Pericyclic reactions: Thermal and photochemical pericyclic reactions, Conrotation and disrotation; Electrocyclic closure and opening in 4n and 4n+2 systems. Woodward-Hoffmann selection rules for electrocyclic reactions. Explanation for the mechanism of electrocyclic reactions and examples. Cycloaddition reactions: Suprafacial and antarafacial interactions. 2 + 2 and 4 + 2 cycloadditions; Cycloreversions. Diels-Alder reaction, Woodward-Hoffmann selection rules for cycloaddition reactions and examples. Mechanism by orbital symmetry correlation diagrams, Fukui Frontier Molecular Orbital (FMO) theory. Endo-exo selectivity in Diels-Alder reaction and its explanation by FMO theory. Sigmatropic reactions: mechanism of sigmatropic reactions, Cope and Claisen rearrangements.Reference books:1. Carey B. F. A., Sundberg R.J., (2007). Advanced Organic Chemistry Part A and Part B, Springer, 5th edition.

2. Jie Jack Li, (2009). Name Reactions: A collection of Detailed Reaction Mechanism, Publisher: Springer-verlag.3. McMurry J., Organic Chemistry, Asian Book Pvt. Ltd, 8th edition, New Delhi.4. Smith, M. B., March J., (Latest Ed.) Marchs Advanced Organic Chemistry, John Wiley and Sons, 6th edition, New York.

5. Clayden, J.; Greeves, N.; Warren, S., (2012) Organic Chemistry, Oxford University press, 2nd edition.6. Sankaraman, S. (2005) Pericyclic reactions: Reactions, Applications and Theory, Wiley-VCH.CY 09: Physical Chemistry-II

Credit -4 UNIT I-Basic Chemical Kinetics Molecularity, order and rate of reactions, Arrehenius theory - Complex reactions: reversible, pre-equilibrium,consecutive, chain and photochemical, oscillatory reactions, enzyme kinetics - Lindenmann's theory of uni-molecular reactions - laser flash photolysis, flow techniques and relaxation methods.

UNIT II-Molecular reaction dynamics collision and activated complex theory, comparison of results with Eyring and Arrhenius equations - reactive collisions, molecular beam experiments, introduction to potential energy surfaces: treatment of H2 + H reaction ionic reactions: salt effect.

UNIT III-Surface phenomena Growth and structure of surface, surface defects, kinetics of surface adsorption: Langmuir and BET isotherms.

UNIT IV-Equilibrium electrochemistry Activities in electrolytic solutions, mean activity coefficient, Debye-Huckel treatment of dilute electrolyte solutions, origin of electrode potential, half cellpotential, electrochemical cell, Nernst equation, thermodynamics of electrochemical cell

UNIT V-Dynamic electrochemistry Electrical double layer - electrode kinetics: rate of charge transfer, current density, Butler- Volmer equation - introduction to polarography, cyclic voltammetry - theory of corrosion and inhibition of corrosion.Reference books:1. K. J. Laidler, Chemical Kinetics, 3rd Edn., HarperInternational, 1987.

2. G. D. Billing & K. V.Mikkelson, Molecular dynamics and chemical kinetics, John Wiley, 1996.

3. J.I. Sheinfield, J.S. Francisco, W. L. Hasse, Chemical kinetics & dynamics, Prientice Hall, 1998.

4. A. J.Bard & L. R. Faulkner, Electrochemical Methods, Fundamental and Applications, JohnWiley, 1980.5. Bockris & Reddy, Electrochemistry, Vol. 1& 2, Plenum, 1973 6. H. V. Keer Solid State Chemistry, Wiley Eastern, 1993.

7. A. K. Cheetam & P. Day, Solid State Chemistry Techniques, Oxford, 1987.CY 10: Chemistry of Life

Credit -3UNIT I-Bioinorganic Chemistry 1: Metal ions in biological systems: heme proteins, hemoglobin, myoglobin, hemerythrin, hemocyanin, ferritin, transferrin, cytochromes and vitamin B12; Iron-sulphur proteins: rubredoxin, ferredoxin and model systems.

UNIT II-Bioinorganic Chemistry 2: Metalloenzymes:activesites, carboxy peptidase, carbonic anhydrase, superoxide dimutase, xanthine oxidase, peroxidase and catalase; photosynthesis, water oxidation, nitrogen fixation, nitrogenase; ion pump, metallodrugs.

UNIT III-Bioorganic Chemistry: Elementary structure and function of biopolymers like protein, nucleic acid, carbohydrates, Genetic code.

UNIT IV-Biophysical Chemistry: Interaction in biological components like Vander Waals interaction, Hydrogen bonding, Disulphide bridges, Role of water and weak interactions.Reference books:1. Voet, D.; Voet, J. G. (2010), Biochemistry, 4th Edition, John Wiley

2. Nelson D. L.; Cox, M. M. (2008), Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 5th Edition, W. H. Freeman and CBS Publishers, New Delhi

3. Berg, J. M.; Tymoczko J. L.; Stryer L. (2012), Biochemistry , 7th Edition W. H. Freeman and company.4. Cantor C. R.; Schimmel, P. R. Biophysical Chemistry Part I & II.

5. Freifelder, D. Physical Biochemistry

CYL 11: Physical Chemistry Lab

Credit Hours-2Physical chemistry lab experiments involves the use of potentiometry, spectrophotometry, pH metry, conductometry & colorimetry instrument analysis

1) Reaction Kinetics: Decomposition of Benzene diazonium chloride

2) Enzyme Catalysis using Uv-Vis spectrophotometer

3) Determination of pKa of a weak organic acid or a base using UV-Vis spectrophotometry

4) Potentiometry: Estimation of thermodynamic functions from EMF data measurements

5) Determination of stability constant of silver ammonia complex by potentiometric method

6) Verification of Beer-Lambert law using gold/silver nanoparticles

7) Estimation of excess thermodynamic properties of binary liquid mixture from density & ultrasonic velocity measurements

8) Determination of critical micelle concentration (CMC) of a surfactant in water by surface tension measurements

9) Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms for adsorption of acetic acid on activated charcoal

10) Estimation of Free energy of Protein denaturation using the intrinsic floursence of the protein

11) Heat of solution by solubility measurements

12) Electrochemical Oxidation of L-Cystine to L-Cysteic acid

Reference books:1. Practical physical chemistry, A. Findary, T.A. kitchner ( Longmans, Green and Co.)

2. Experiments in Physical Chemistry, J.M. Wilson, K.J. Newcombe, A.r. Denko. R.M.W. richett ( Pergamon Press)

CYL 12: Computational Chemistry Lab

Credit -2Role of computer software & programme in solving chemistry problems Introduction to different structure, object drawing & solving softwares, structural elucidation & reaction pathway prediction using analytical tools, different mathematical & analytical tools (Gaussian, MATLAB & Mathematica) will be introduced Reference books:1. Practical physical chemistry, A. Findary, T.A. kitchner ( Longmans, Green and Co.)

2. Experiments in Physical Chemistry, J.M. Wilson, K.J. Newcombe, A.r. Denko. R.M.W. richett ( Pergamon Press)

CY 13: Group theory and Molecular Spectroscopy

Credit -3UNIT I-Group Theory: Introduction, Molecular Symmetry & point groups, Symmetry elements and operators, classes of symmetry operation, Symmetry classification of molecules. Matrix representation of symmetry operations, representation of groups, character, reducible and irreducible representations Great Orthogonality theorem, Character tables, symmetry properties of Hamiltonian operator, Mutual exclusion principle.UNIT II-Microwave, IR and Electronic spectroscopy: -Electromagnetic radiation, interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter, quantum mechanical approach - transition probabilities: Einstein coefficients - pure vibrational and rotational spectra, selection rules, vibrational and rotational spectra of polyatomic molecules, normal modes, anharmonicity, selection rules - Raman effect: classical and quantum theory of Raman effect, rotational and vib-rotational Raman spectra. Franck-Condon principle,Transition moments, assignment of electronic transitions of N2, H2O and formaldehyde using group theory, Jablonski diagram, fluorescence and phosphorescence, solvent effect, ESCA, PES, AUGER techniques.UNIT III-Introduction to NMR:-Origin of magnetic moments in matter, electronic and nuclear moments, interaction with magnetic field, Larmor equation - conditions for magnetic resonance absorption, relaxation times, line widths and line shapes, chemical shifts, ring currents, diamagnetic anisotropy, spin-spin splitting, high resolution NMR spectra of simple molecules, first and second order treatment of AB systems - FT techniques.UNIT IV-Other Resonance Spectroscopy Methods:-EPR, NQR and Mossbauer spectroscopic techniques - Electron spin resonance: g value, hyperfine structure, ESR of organic free radicals, ESR of solids, ESR of inorganic ions, ESR of simple free radicals in solutions NQR. The principles of mossbauer spectroscopy. Origin of isomer shifts, quadrupole splitting and h. f. s.

UNIT V Mass Spectroscopy:-Basic principles, mass analyzers, ionization methods: EI, PI, CI, FAB, MALDI, ES. Liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, types of ions and fragmentations, even electron rule, nitrogen rule, isotope abundance, McLafferty rearrangement.

Reference books:1. P. W. Atkins, Physical Chemistry, Oxford, London, 7th edition,2006.

2. D. L. Pavia, G. M. Lampman and G. S. Kriz, Introduction to Spectroscopy 2Edn, Saunders

3. Banwell, Molecular Spectroscopy, Tata McGraw Hill, 1998.4. A. Carrington and Machlachlon, Magnetic Resonance, Harper & Row, 1967.

5. G. M. Barrow, Introduction to Molecular Spectroscopy, McGraw Hill, 1964.

6. D. H. Williams and I. Fleming, Spectroscopic methods in organic chemistry, Tata McGraw Hill, 1998.CY 14: Nanoscience and Alternate energy resources

Credit-3UNIT I-Electrochemical Energy storage Devices 1: Introduction-Capacitors, Batteries, Fuel cells-Ragone plot--classification of batteries, Principle and application of various types of primary & secondary batteries. Capacitors-Introduction, different types and the concept of hybrid devices. Introduction to different electrochemical techniques and AC-Impedance spectroscopy.

UNIT II-Electrochemical Energy storage Devices 2: Fuel cells-introduction & classification-low temperature & high temperature fuel cells- Water electrolysis and hydrogen storage; Concept of redox flow batteries. Concept of Electrocatalyst and different types of liquid & solid electrolytes used in electrochemical energy storage devices-(aqueous, organic, ionic liquids, molten salts & polymer based electrolytes)- concept of solar cell.

UNIT III-Nanoscience & Nanotechnology I: Nano-introduction & the concept-various methods of preparation, characterization & their unique properties. Metallic and semiconductor nanostructures, Protecting group and its roles. Functionalisation & manipulation of nanosystem. Techniques to characterize nanosystems-X-Ray diffraction, Electron microscopes (SEM & TEM), Scanning probe microscopes (AFM/STM), X-ray photoelectroelectron spectroscopy etc.

UNIT IV-Nanoscience & Nanotechnology II: Introduction to various forms of carbon: synthesis, unique properties and application. Organic/Inorganic thins films based on physisorption & chemisorptions. Concept of self assembled monolayers. Application of nanosystem in the field of SERS, applied electrochemistry, green nanotechnology, nanomedicine, nanobiotechnology and nanoelectronicsReference books:1. The Chemistry of Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties and Applications, 2 Volumes. C.N. R. Rao, Achim Muller and A. K. Cheetham, Wiley-VCH Verglag GmbH & Co, 2004.

2. Electrochemical Technologies for Energy Storage and Conversion, 2 Volume Set. J. Zhang, L. Zhang, H. Liu, A Sun, R.Liu. Wiley-VCH Verglag GmbH & Co, 2011

3. Journal & Review articles will be recommended

CY 15: Advanced Organometallics

Credit - 3UNIT I- Organometallic Chemistry 1: Compounds with transition metal to carbon bonds: classification of ligands, nomenclature, eighteen electron rule; transition metal carbonyls: range of compounds and structure, bonding, vibrational spectra, preparation, reactions; transition metal organometallics: squareplanar complexes,metal alkyls, metal alkylidenes and metal alkylidynes; Structure and bonding: metal-olefin bond and arene metal bond.

UNIT II-Organometallic Chemistry 2: Compounds with ligands having extended pi systems: bis(cyclopentadienyl) compounds, cyclopentadienyl carbonyl compounds, bis(arene) compounds, arene carbonyl compounds; isolobal analogy, metal-metal bond, transition metal clusters; clusters and catalysis; hydride and dihydrogen complexes; fluxionality.

UNIT III-Organometallic Chemistry 3: Organometallic reactions and catalysis: oxidative addition, reductive elimination, insertion, hydride elimination, abstraction; olefin hydrogenation, hydroformylation, Wacker process, Ziegler-Natta polymerisation, cyclo oligomerisation, olefin isomerisation,olefin metathesis, Monsanto aceticacidsynthesis, Fischer-Tropsch process, hydrosilylation. UNIT IV-Organometallics in Organic Synthesis: -Bonding of Pd and Rh with olefins applications in C-C bond formations, Wacker reaction, Heck reaction, Carbonylation, hydroformylation, olefin isomerism, arylation, aryl amination using Pd reagents, olefin metathesis, Stille coupling, Sonogashira reaction, Buchwald reaction and Pauson -Khand reaction.

Reference books:1. P. Powell, Principles of Organometallic Chemistry, 2nd Edn., ELBS, 1991. 2. J. E. Huheey,Inorganic Chemistry, 3rd Edn., Harper International, 1983.

3. M. F. Purcell, J.C. Kotz, Inorganic Chemistry, Saunder, 1977.

4. F. A. Cotton, G. Wilkinson, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, 5th Edn., John Wiley.

5. R. W. Hay, Bio Inorganic Chemistry, Ellis Horwood, 1987.

6. R. M. Roat-Malone, Bio Inorganic Chemistry, John Wiley, 2002. 7. Clayden,J.;Greeves,N.; Warren,S., (2012)Organic Chemistry, Oxford University press, 2nd edition.CY 16: Biological chemistry

Credit - 3UNIT I: Introduction of biomolecules: Chemical basis of origin of life. Examples of biomolecules and building blocks of biopolymers. Types of reactions occurring in cells, structure of ice and liquid water, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions, buffers and the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.

UNIT II: DNA and RNA: Base pairing, double helical structure of DNA and forces stabilizing nucleic acid structure. Methods used in nucleic acid separation and characterization, nucleic acid sequencing. Genetic code, RNA polymerase and protein synthesis. Ribosomes and their structure.

UNIT III: Peptides and proteins: Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins. Structural motifs - protein folding and domain structure of proteins. Purification and characterization of proteins. Enzymes and catalysis. Michaelis-Menten equation, various types of enzyme inhibition and application of enzymes in chemical synthesis.

UNIT IV: Carbohydrates and metabolism: Monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. carbohydrates of glycolipids and glycoproteins. Role of sugars in biological recognition. Overview of metabolism, catabolic and anabolic processes, glycolysis, citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.

UNIT V: Lipids and membranes: Common classes of lipids - glycerolipids, phospholipids, sphingolipids and glycolipids. Self-association of lipids - formation of micelles, reverse micelles and membranes. Liposomes and applications. Biological membranes-fluid mosaic model and current models. Membrane proteins and their functions.

Reference books:1. Biochemistry by D. Voet & J. G. Voet, 4th Edition (2010) John Wiley

2. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry by D. L Nelson & M. M. Cox, 5th Edition (2008) W. H. Freeman and CBS Publishers, New Delhi

3. Biochemistry by J. M. Berg, J. L. Tymoczko & L. Stryer, 5th Edition (2002) W. H. Freeman.

4. A. Liljas, L. Liljas, J. Piskur, G. Lindblom, P. Nissen, M. Kjeldgaard, Textbook Of structural Biology, World Scientific Publishing Company, 2009.

5. Crieghton E. Proteins, further details needs to be included.

CY 17: Advanced Organic chemistry

Credit - 3UNIT I-Photochemistry: Franck-Condon principle, Jablonski diagram, Singlet and triplet states, Photosensitization, Quantum efficiency, Photochemistry of carbonyl compounds, Norrish type-I and type-II cleavages, Paterno-Buchi reaction, Photoreduction, Photochemistry of enones and para-benzoquinones, Di methane rearrangement. UNIT II-Synthetic strategy: Synthon, Synthetic equivalent, Functional group interconversion (FGI), Functional group addition, Functional group elimination. Criteria for selection of target;Linear and convergent synthesis; Retrosynthetic analysis and synthesis involving chemoselectivity, regioselectivity, reversal of polarity and cyclizations; Criteria for disconnection of strategic bonds; One group and two group C-X disconnections in 1,2-, 1,3-, 1,4 & 1,5- difunctional compounds. Protection and deprotection of functional groups in synthetic strategy: Protection of alcohols by ether, silyl ethers and ester formations and their deprotection; Protection of 1, 2 diols- by acetal, ketal and carbonate formation and their deprotection; Protection of amines by acetylation, benzylation, benzyloxy carbonyl, t- butoxycarbonyl, fmoc, triphenyl methyl groups and their deprotection,Protection of carbonyls by acetal and ketal formation and their deprotection. UNIT III-Heterocycles and Natural Products in Chemistry: Introduction to five and six membered heterocycles; Synthesis and reaction of five membered heterocycles containing one and two heteroatoms; Benzo-fused five-membered and six membered heterocycles: Synthesis and reactions of indoles, benzofurans and benzimidazoles, benzothiazoles. Synthesis and reactions of six-membered heterocycles with one and two heteroatoms.

Introduction to natural product chemistry; occurrence, nomenclature, isolation, general method of structure determination, synthesis of terpenoids, alkaloids, steroids.Reference books:1. Finar, I.L. (2006). Organic Chemistry: Stereochemistry and the Chemistry of Natural Products. Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd., 6th edition, India.2. Bhat, S.V., Nagasampagi, B.A., Meenakshi, S. (2009). Natural Product Chemistry & Applications, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi.

3. McMurry J., Organic Chemistry, Asian Book Pvt. Ltd, 8th edition, New Delhi.4. Morrison, R.T., Boyd, R.N. (2011). Organic Chemistry, Prentice- Hall of India, 6th edition, New Delhi. 5. Clayden,J.;Greeves,N.; Warren,S., (2012)Organic Chemistry, Oxford University press, 2nd edition.6. R. Katritzky, (2010). Handbook of Heterocyclic Chemistry Elsevier, 3rd edition, UK.7. Coyle, J. D. (1991) Introduction to organic photochemistry, Wiley.

8. Halton, B.; Coxon J. M. (2011) Organic Photochemistry, Cambridge University Press.CY-18: Spectroscopic Identification of Organic/Inorganic Compounds Credit- 3UNIT I: Introduction to spectroscopic techniques:Structure elucidation. Application of UV Visible and IR spectroscopy to organic structure elucidation. Electromagnetic spectrum, absorption of energy by organic compounds, types of spectroscopic methods to organic structure elucidation. Woodward Fisher rules, Octant rule, Application of ORD CD to stereochemical assignments. Organic functional group identification through IR spectroscopy.

UNIT II: Application of NMR Spectroscopy. Basic principles. Introduction to NMRtechniques.CW and FT NMR techniques.1H NMR Spectral parameters intensity, chemical shift, multiplicity, coupling constant, factors affecting,. Analysis of first order and second - order spectra. Structure determination of organic compounds by 1H NMR spectra.

UNIT III:Multinuclear NMR 13C NMR: Proton coupled, off resonance decoupled, proton noise decoupled 13C NMR spetra. Assignment of chemical shifts, additively effect, characteristic chemical shifts of common organic compounds and functional groups, DEPT & SEFT spectra. Introduction to multinuclear NMR of common hetero atoms present in organic compounds (N, F, O, P & D). 2D NMR techniques 1H 1H COSY, 1H 13C COSY HMBC, and NOESY.

UNIT IV: Application of mass spectroscopy: organic structure elucidation. Basic principles, techniques of ion production, ion and daughter ions, molecular ion and isotope abundance.Nitrogen rule energetics of fragmentation, metastable ions, common fragmentation pathways, fragmentation pattern of common chemical classes.Illustrative examples from macromolecules and supramolecules.UNIT V: Inorganic structure determination: Physical methods for structure identification of inorganics. ESR and NMR spectral methods.Applications of PES, EXFAS, magnetic susceptibility and cyclic voltametry.Spectroscopy of inorganic complexes.

Reference books:1. R. M. Silverstein and F. X. Webster, Spectrometric identification of organic compounds, 6thEdn, Wiley.

2. W. Kemp, Organic Spectroscopy, 3rdEdn , MacMillon, 1994.

3. Pavia, Lampman and Kriz, Introduction to Spectroscopy, 3rd Edn., Brooks/Cole.

4. D. H Williams and Ian Fleming, Spectroscopic methods in organic chemistry, Tata McGraw Hill,1998.

5. W Kemp, Introduction to multinuclear NMR.6. P. S. Kalsi, Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds, 6th edition, New age international, 2004.

For Ph.D. in Chemistry Programme:PCY. 02: Chemistry Electives-1: Medicinal Chemistry. Credits Hours: 3, Semester IV

CY : Medicinal Chemistry(Elective-1)

Credit Hours-3Unit I: Drug design and drug discovery:History ofdrug discovery; Drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics; Nature of drug-receptor interactions; Agonists, antagonists and enzyme inhibitors; Natural products as lead structures in drug discovery. Structure pruning technique in lead modification e.g. morphine. Discovery of lead structure from natural harmones or neurotransmitters. Serendipitious discovery of leads e.g. Penicillin and Librium. Principles of design of agonists (e.g. Salbutamol), antagonists e.g. Cimitidine) and enzyme inhibitors (e.g. Captopril). Principles of prodrug design. Unit II: Drug targets and Drug metabolism:Introduction to drug targets, Enzymes as drug targets, Membrane transporters as drug targets, Voltage-gated ion channels as drug targets, Non-selective cation-channels as drug targets, Direct ligand gated ion channels, G-Protein coupled receptors, Nuclear receptors.Drug Metabolism:Metabolic Processes- Phase-I (Oxidation, Reduction & Hydrolysis) and Phase-II metabolism, Factors Affecting MetabolismGenetic Factors, Physiological Factors, Pharmaceutical Factors, Drug Interactions.Unit III: Structure Activity Relationship Studies:Lead modification strategies by variation of alkyl substituents, variation of aromatic substituents, extension of structure, ring expansion or contraction, chain homologation and branching, variation and position of hetero atoms, ring fusion, simplification of the lead, rigidification of lead, Bioisosterism. Discovery of oxaminquine, salbutamol; Structure-Activity Relationship studies in antibacterials, pain killers and anticancer molecules; Introduction to Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) studies- 2-D QSAR, QSAR parameters,CoMFA and CoMSIA. Receptor based 3-D QSAR, molecular docking.Unit IV: Introduction to drugs in different class:Antibacterials, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, anticancer agents, antidiabetics, etc.

Reference books:1. Foye, W. C. (2008). Principles of Medicinal Chemistry, Publisher: Lea andFebiger, 6th edition, Philadelphia.

2. King, F. D. (2003). Medicinal Chemistry Principles and Practice, Royale Society of Chemistry, 2ndEdition, London.

3. Patrick, G.L. (2009). An Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry, Oxford University Press, 4th edition. UK.4. Delgado, J. N. and Remers W A, Ed. (2010). Wilson &Gisvold's Textbook of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, J. Lippincott Co., 7th edition, Philadelphia.

5. Smith, H.J. (2006). Introduction to the Principles of Drug Design and Action, Taylor and Francis, 4th edition, UK.6. Wermuth, C.G. (2009). The Practice of Medicinal Chemistry, Academic Press (Elsevier), 3rd edition.

7. Wolff, M E, Ed., (2010). Burger's Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery, John Wiley and Sons, New York.

PCY. 01:Specialized Chemistry lab/Research Methodology- Credits: 2, Semester IIIUnit 1

General principles of research: Meaning and importance of research, Critical thinking, Formulating hypothesis and development of research plan, Review of literature, Interpretation of results and discussion.

Technical writing: Scientific writing, writing research paper, Poster preparation and presentation, Dissertation.

Entrepreneurship and business development: Importance of entrepreneurship and its relevance in career growth, Characteristics of entrepreneurs, Developing entrepreneurial competencies, Intellectual property rights (IPRs).

Books:

1. Gupta, S. (2005). Research methodology and statistical techniques,Deep and Deep Publications (p) Ltd.New Delhi.2. Kothari, C. R. (2008.) Research methodology(s), New Age International (p) Limited.New Delhi

Medicinal Chemistry Practicals:

i) Synthesis of an antihypertensive drug-propranolol ii) Synthesis of Diltiazem (a calcium channel blocker) via Darzen condensation, a key step in its synthesis

iii) Preparation of Paracetomol and its characterization

Books:

1. Vogel, A.I. (1996). Text book of practical organic chemistry, Pearson, 5th edition, UK.2. Adams, R.; Johnson, J.R.; Wilcox, C.F. (1970). Laboratory Experiments in Organic Chemistry, The Macmilan Limited, London.

3. Mann and Saunders. (2009). Practical organic chemistry, Pearson, 4th edition, UK.4. Pasto, D.P., Johnson, C., Miller, M. (1992). Experiments and Techniques in Organic Chemistry, Prentice Hall, 1st edition, US.

5. Roberts, R.M.; Gilbert, J.C.; Rodewald, L.B.; Wingrove, A.S. (1969). An introduction to Modern Experimental Organic Chemistry, Ranehart and Winston Inc., New York.

6. Williamson, K.L., Health, D.C. (1999). Macroscale and Microscale Organic Experiments, Heath, D.Cand Co.,Lexington, MA.