Ms. Sawh’s Form 4

Chemistry Class

Introduction to Chemistry WELCOME!

What you will need•Notebook: a new one/Form 3 notebook•Textbook•Lab book: purchase in school•Goggles, lab coat, gloves (provided by

school)•Syllabus (available from Ms. Sawh)•Past Papers (available in

bookstores/school)•Access to Computer and my website: www.sawhcoolchem.weebly.com•An email address•Folder pages/manila folders

Structure of the Syllabusand CSEC Exam

There are three major areas of Chemistry:•Physical Chemistry•Inorganic Chemistry•Organic ChemistryN.B. There is an Option Topic on Chemistry

in Everyday Life which changes every two years.

The CSEC Exam consists of three papers:•Paper I: 60 Multiple Choice Questions

(30%)•Paper II: 6 Structured/Extended Answer Questions, all compulsory

(50%)•Paper III: SBA (20%)

School Based Assessment (SBA)You will be assessed in the following practical

skills in Form 4 and Form 5:•Manipulation/Measurement (M/M)•Observations/Recording/Reporting (O/R/R)•Analysis and Interpretation (A/I)•Planning and Designing (P/D)All these skills will be assessed by your teacher (at least twice) and written up using the proper

format in your lab books.An average of the marks awarded will be

calculated and submitted to CXC out of a total of 10 marks for each skill. So SBA mark will be out of a total of 80 marks.

ChemistryWhat do you think the study of Chemistry

is about?Why are you studying Chemistry?Do you think Chemistry has any

relevance to your everyday life? Why?How is Chemistry different to any other

science e.g. Biology, Physics?

Definition of Chemistry

•Chemistry is the study of matter and the behaviour

of particles in matter.

MatterWhat is matter?

• Anything that has a mass and a volume

States of MatterWhat are the states of matter?

Solid Liquid Gas Plasma

Close up view of atoms and their behavior

• Changing from one state of matter to another is a Physical Change,

e.g. melting Give another example.

Physical vs. Chemical Change

• If a new substance is formed it is a

Chemical Change, e.g.Give another example.Images are from

http://www.chem4kids.com

Kinetic Theory of Matter(Particulate Nature of Matter)

All Matter is made up of particles

•Name these particles.•How do we know these particles exist?•What evidence do we have that proves

matter is made up of particles?

Processes that prove particles exist in matter

The particles that exist in matter are: atoms, molecules and ions. The evidence that proves these particles exist are:

•Diffusion•Osmosis•Brownian Motion•Write a definition of each and give examples.

Pure and Impure Matter

Matter can be pure and impure.

How can we tell if a substance is pure?

Can you name any pure substances?

What are some impure substances?

Pure substances

•Atoms•Elements•Molecules•Compounds

Can you write definitions for these pure substances and give examples?

Atoms• Smallest indivisible

particles making up elements.

• The building blocks of Matter• Consists of Protons (+),

Electrons (-), and Neutrons (0).Elements• Consists of only one kind of atom, • Cannot be broken down into a simpler type of

substance by either physical or chemical means• Can exist as either atoms or molecules. • Give examples.

Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

Molecules

• A molecule consists of two or more atoms of the same element, or different elements, that are chemically bound together.

Give examples.

Compounds

• Atoms of two or more different elements bound together.

• Can be separated into elements chemically, but not physically.

Give examples.

SolutionsImpure Matter

• Solutions are groups of molecules that are mixed up in a completely even distribution.

• They can be homogeneous or heterogeneous.Homogeneous

• Uniform Distribution.• Example: Sugar and Water

Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

Solute

Solvent

• The substance to be dissolved.

• The one doing the dissolving.

To make a solution:

Making a Solution

Colloids• Particle sizes are in between the size of

particles found in solutions and suspensions .

• Can be mixed and remain evenly distributed without settling out.

Mixtures

Heterogeneous

• They are substances (compounds,elements) held together by physical forces, not chemical.

• Can be separated physically.

• Solutions are also mixtures, but

can be heterogeneous.• The substances are not uniformly mixed.

• Example: Sand in a glass of water.Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

MixturesSuspensions• Are heterogeneous mixtures consisting of

parts that are visible to the naked eye.

Example: the ingredients in salad dressing

• Substances will settle over time.

Matter

Mixtures

Homogeneous

Solution

Solvent Solution

Colloids

Heterogeneous

Suspensions

Pure Substances

Element Molecule

Compounds

Questions

•How is a mixture different to a compound?

•How is a compound different to a molecule?

•How is an atom different to an element?

•Is a solution a pure substance?