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Ms. Orville

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Middle Ages: 500-1500 CE Medieval period Feudalism- land was owned by nobles but held by vassals in return for loyalty Medieval government system Feudal duties: raise army and pay taxes Manor system- people lived and worked on large estates owned by lords Medieval economic system Self-sufficient- did not need anything outside of what was provided on the manor Very little trading Noblewomen- important role running the manor Serfs= peasants Very difficult life No chance to improve their life

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Middle ages- the years between ancient and modern times Medieval- referring to the middle ages Feudalism- a system in which land was owned by kings or lords but held by vassals in return for their loyalty Fief- a large piece of land granted by a king to a lord in exchange for his loyalty Manor- a large estate, often including farms & a village. Ruled by a lord Serf- a farm worker considered part of the manor on which he or she worked Peasant- poor people who live and farm the land Vassal- a person who promised to fight when needed by his lord, during the Middle Ages in exchange for land Lord- a noble in the middle ages Noble- a member of the wealthiest class of some societies Bourgeoisie- person belonging to the middle class

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Page- a young boy who carried messages and waited on a lord Squire- a servant of a knight at the lords court- trains to be a knight Knight- a man who received honor & land in exchange for serving a lord as a soldier Chivalry- the code of honorable conduct for knights keep- strongest defense of the castle- tall tower where noble lives: has its own well and storage space Guild- medieval organization of crafts workers or trades people

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Gothic- a style of architecture used during the Middle Ages that featured pointed arches Clergy- persons with authority to perform religious services Excommunication- expelling someone from the Church Monastery- a religious community in which monks lead lives of work and prayer Convent- a religious community in which nuns lead simple lives of work and prayer http://www.medieval- castle.com/architecture_design.htm

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Charter- a formal document setting forth an organizations goals & principles apprentice- an unpaid person training in a craft or trade Black Death- (Bubonic Plague) 14 th century plague that killed 25-33% of Europes population Troubadour- a traveling poet & musician of the Middle Ages Holy land- Jerusalem & parts of the surrounding area where Jesus lived & taught Crusades- a series of military expeditions launched by Christian Europeans to win the holy land back from Muslim control Pilgrims- a person who journeys to a sacred place Nation- a community of people that shares territory & a government Model Parliament- a council of lords, clergy, & common people that advised the English king on government matters Hundred Years War- a series of conflicts between England & France 1337-1453

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Knights were vassals that made up the nobles army Cavalry- army on horseback Chivalry- purity, valor, good manors 3 stages of becoming a knight Page Squire Knight Castles: used as protection from invading armies

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The Hundred Years War Helped unify both England and France into nations

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During the Middle Ages, the Roman Catholic Church was a powerful force that affected nearly every area of peoples lives Middle ages also known as The Age of Faith Churches- highly organized: Priests, bishops, archbishops, popes Increase in trade led to the growth of towns and cities The new middle class organized craft trade guilds Medieval towns and cities were crowded and unsanitary Culture and learning were limited to only a few people

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200 years Series of wars launched by European Christians to capture Jerusalem from the Muslims First crusade: captured Jerusalem Later Crusades launched to defend Christians from Turks in Holy Land No true winner Crusades changed life in Europe Trade increased Towns grew Use of money increased Learned about the Arab world

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1347-1351: bubonic plague Spread by fleas and rats that lived in unsanitary towns Flagellants- punished themselves for sins in order to avoid the plague Caused horrible black spots and almost certain death Killed 1/3-1/2 of Europes population Normal life broken down- labor shortage

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