ms nadia zia (3) copy
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CALL AssignmentCALL Assignment
Prepared by: Ayesha Khan (Roll no: 10)
Nadia Zia (Roll no: 17)
Prepared by: Ayesha Khan (Roll no: 10)
Nadia Zia (Roll no: 17)
Topic: sentence and Its Types Topic: sentence and Its Types
Abbreviation keysAbbreviation keys
Noun PhraseNoun Phrase
NN
NPNP
NounsssNounsss
PP PrepositionsPrepositions
SentenceSentence
SubjectSubject
VPVP Verbial PhraseVerbial Phrase
SubSub
VerbVerbVV
Prepositional PhrasePrepositional PhrasePPPP
SS
DetDet DeterminersDeterminers
What is a Sentence…….?What is a Sentence…….?
A sentence is made up of different words combined into a pattern that expresses a complete thought. A sentence also has terminal marks. e.g. You saw a camel in the desert. A sentence is made up of different words combined into a pattern that expresses a complete thought. A sentence also has terminal marks. e.g. You saw a camel in the desert.
sentencesentence
PPPPVPVPSubSub
NN DetDet NNVV P P DetDet NN
YouYou sawsaw aa camelcamel thetheinin desertdesert
Two Pillars of SentenceTwo Pillars of Sentence
Subject and Predicate:Subject and Predicate:
The person / thing we talk about is called the subject, and what we say about it is called the predicate. e.g. She makes a lot of promises.
The person / thing we talk about is called the subject, and what we say about it is called the predicate. e.g. She makes a lot of promises.
Subject Subject
NP NP VP VP
Predicate Predicate
SheShe makes a lot of promises makes a lot of promises
S S S S
N N Det Det
VP VP NP NP
The The went went boys boys
NP NP VP VP
Det Det N N
The The boys boys
V V PP PP
went went to the school to the school
Det Det
S S
Det Det
V V
NP NP VP VP
The The
PP PP
N N P P
studies studies child child
NP NP
N N
the the in in school school
Types of sentencesTypes of sentences
1- Simple Sentence:1- Simple Sentence:
Every sentence must contain a noun phrase and a verb phrase.e.g. The boys went. sub + v bEvery sentence must contain a noun phrase and a verb phrase.e.g. The boys went. sub + v b
S S
NP NP VP VP
The boys The boys went went
2- Compound Sentence:2- Compound Sentence:
Every compound sentence must contain at least two simple sentences joined by a coordinating conjunction. e.g. You play tennis, but I dislike it. Every compound sentence must contain at least two simple sentences joined by a coordinating conjunction. e.g. You play tennis, but I dislike it.
Structure:Structure:
Independent clauseIndependent clause CoordinatorCoordinator Independent clauseIndependent clause
You play tennisYou play tennis butbut I dislike itI dislike it
coordinatorscoordinators
ForFor AndAnd NorNor ButBut OrOr YetYet SoSo
Tree Diagram of Compound SentencesTree Diagram of Compound Sentences
SS
S2S2S1S1 CCCC
VPVP NPNP VPVP
ititlikelike
VV NPNP
dislikedislikeII youyou,but,buttennistennis
VV objobj
NPNP
Complex SentencesComplex Sentences
Independent clause
Independent clause
Every complex sentence must contain one simple sentence and at least one dependent clause that include a subordinating conjunction and a simple sentence. e.g. He is buried in a place where shady trees grow.
Every complex sentence must contain one simple sentence and at least one dependent clause that include a subordinating conjunction and a simple sentence. e.g. He is buried in a place where shady trees grow.
Structure:Structure:
Few subordinating conjunctions are:Few subordinating conjunctions are:
AfterAfter
SinceSince UntilUntil
BeforeBefore ThatThat BecauseBecause WhereWhere WhomWhom
AsAs WhenWhen HowHow ThoughThough
He is buried in a place He is buried in a place where where Shady trees grow Shady trees grow
+
+
Subordinator Subordinator +
+
Dependent clause
Dependent clause
is buriedis buried
wherewhere
growgrowshady treesshady trees
placeplace
SS
VPVP
PPPP
PP
S1S1 DCDCSCSC
VV
NPNP
NPNP
PREPRESUBSUB
aa
DetDet
inin
HeHe