1 

 

msúiqu

laISrmdhs i;a;ajfhda hkq lsß î jefvk i;a;ajfhda fj;s' fidndoyug wkqj Tjqkag lsß ks¾udKh ù we;af;a ta ta laISrmdhs Ôù úfYAIj, megjqkaf.a j¾Okh ioyduh' ta wkqj .jlsß .j megjqka i|yd fhda.H jk w;r t¿lsß t¿ megjqkag muKla fhda.H fõ' tfiau" <ore wjêh f.jd jevqKq miqj fjk;a i;=kaf.a lsß mdkh lrk tlu i;a;ajhd jkafka ñksidh'

lsß i|yd f,dalfha mj;akd wêl b,a u fya;=fjka wo jk úg" lsßmsá Wfoid isÿlrk .j md,k l¾udka;h f,dalfha úYd,;u l¾udka;hla ù ;sfí' fï l¾udka;h" jeä jYfhka nyqcd;sl iud.ï u.ska md,kh lrkq ,nk w;r" Bg we;eïffjoHjreka yd fmdaIKfõ§kaf.a iydh yd m%pdrKho ,efí' fï jHdmdrfha m%;sM,hla f,i fi!LHh yd wd¾Ól jYfhka úúO wd§kjj,g uqyqK §ug È.= l,l isg wmg isÿù ;sfí'

lsßmsá yd iïnkaOj wmg b;d uE;l§ uqyqK§ug isÿ jQ wys;lr ;;a;ajh jkafka kjiS,ka;fhka furgg wdkhkh lrkq ,nk lsßmsá j¾. lsysmhl DCDkeue;s úI ridhksl øjHh wvx.= ùuh' uq,§ fï nj m%;slafIam l<o" wod< lsßmsá YS% ,xldjg wdkhkh lrkq ,nk iud.u miqj fï nj ms<s.;af;ah' fï isÿùu YS% ,xldfõ lsßmsá fjf<ofmdf<a uy;a wdkafoda,khlgo ;=vq ÿkafkah'

óg fmr 2008 jif¾§o fm%daàkaj, .=Kd;aul nj jeälr fmkajk zfu,uhskaZ keue;s úI ridhkslh msálsß ksIamdokj, wvx.=ùu ksid we;s jQ wdkafoda,kfhka lsßmsá yd lsß wdY%s; ksIamdok isÿlrk iud.ï mdßfNda.sl Woyig ,la úh'

tfiau DCDwjodku myùhdugo fmr kjiS,ka;fhka wdkhkh lrkq ,nk we;eï lsßmsá

ksIamdokj, Clostridium botulinum kï jQ nelaàßhd úfYaIhla wvx.= ùu ms<sn|j u;= jQ ielh ksido YS%,xldfõ lsßmsá fjf<ofmd< uy;a wNsfhda.hlg ,laù ;sfí'

fï ;;a;ajh yuqfõ lsß wdydr yd tAjdfha .=Kd;aulNdjh ms<sn|j lsishï úuiSula isÿ lsÍu ld,Sk jeo.;alulska hqla;h' fuys§ y÷kd.; yels jeo.;a lreKq ;=kla wfma wjOdkhg ,la fõ'

• fmdaIl mod¾: ,nd.ekSu ioyd lsß wdydrj, we;s jeo.;alu yd iSud wjfndaO lr.ekSu - lsß fyda lsßmsámdkh lsÍu fmdaIKh i|yd w;HjYH jk nj iudc.; ù we;s u;hls' tA ms<sn|j jvd úoHd;aulj úuid ne,Su wjYHh' úfYAIfhka <ore ld,fhka miq wm lsßmsá fyda Èhr lsß mdkh lrkq ,enqjo" tys wvx.= fmdaIHodhl ix>gl w;ßka /ila wfma YÍrhg Ô¾Kh fkdfõ' lsßj,ska jeäysáhkag ,efnk fndfyda fmdaIl fjk;a wdydr øjH u.ska wmg ,nd .; yels ksid lsß fjkqjg fhdod.; yels fjk;a úl,am wdydr iys; iunr wdydr fõ,la fj; fhduqùu iqÿiqh' flfia fj;;a" lsß w;HjYH wdydrhla fkdjk kuq;a j¾;udk iudcfha wdydr mqreÿ wkqj lsß yd lsß wdYs%; wdydr b;d iq,Nj Ndú; fõ'

• wdkhksl lsß wdydr fjkqjg foaYSh lsß wdydr mßfNdackh jeo.;a nj - lsß ms<sn|j we;s ù ;sfnk .eg¨ i|yd jeä jYfhka fya;= ù we;af;a wfma rgg úfoaYSh rgj,ska wdkhkh lrk lsßmsá yd lsß wdydrh' fï ksid tA fjkqjg foaYShj ksIAmdÈ; lsß wdydr fj; fhduqùu ms<snoj wfÜ wjOdkh fhduqfjñka mj;S' wdkhksl lsß wdydr fjkqjg wfma lsß wdydr wjYH;dj i|yd foaYSh lsß ksIamdok Ndú; lsÍfuka rfÜ wd¾Ólhgo M,odhS fõ' tfy;a tA i|yd l%udkql+, jevms<sfj,la ilia lsÍu ld,Sk fõ'

• lsßmsá fjkqjg Èhr lsß Ndú; lsÍu m%j¾Okh jeo.;ah - f,dalfha m%Odk lsßmsá iud.ï msysgd we;s rgj, yd ÈhqKq rgj, ck;dj fukau ÈhqKqjk rgj,a .Kkdjl ck;djo jeä jYfhka mßfNdackh lrkq ,nkafka Èhr lsßh' fï ksid cd;sl m%;sm;a;sh f,i ms<sf.k we;s Èhr lsß Ndú; lsÍu furg ck;dj w;r ;jÿrg;a m%j¾Okh l< yels kï th b;d m%fhdackj;ah'

2 

 

wdkhksl lsßmsá iïnkaO .eg¨

mdkamsá yerekq úg" furg foaYmd,k jYfhka mjd ;SrKd;aul jk msá j¾.hla fõ kï tA lsßmsá muKs' tA úfYaIfhkau wdkhksl lsßmsáh' lsßmsá ñ, by< hEu iudcfha wjOdkhg ,lajkakls' tfiau foaYSh wdydrmdk Ndú;hg .ekSu ms<snoj jHdc f;dr;=re me;srùu yd lsßmsáj, w;HjYHNdjh ms<sn| ñ;Hdj jHdma; lsÍug úúO udOH yryd l< W;aidyh fï jk úg tys Wmßufhka lr,shg meñK we;s nj fmfka'

YS% ,xldjg lsßmsá wdkhkh lrk úúO iud.ï úiska furgg f.jkq ,nk lsßmsá j¾.j, .=Kd;aul nj ms<snoj .eg¨ l,l mgka mek ke.S ;sfí'

Y%s ,xldjg wdkhkh lrkq ,nk lsßmsáj, úlsrK ;sîfï wjodkula 1980 oYlfha we;sjQ p¾fkdì,a kHIaál wk;=r wjia:dfõ§ jd¾;d úh' tA wjia:dfõ§ hqfrdamSh rgj,ska lsß wdydr furgg wdkhkh lsÍu wdrlaIs; nj ms<sn|j idlÉPdjla we;s úh'

miql,l" t kï 1993 fkdjeïn¾ ui furgg f.k wd lsßmsá fuá%la fgdka 150l f;d.hl ydkslr uÜgñka úlsrK wvx.= nj fld<U úYaj úoHd,fha úlsrKYS,S iuia:dksl uOHia:dkh jd¾;d lf<ah' iïu; ñkqï wkqj lsßmsá lsf,dajl ;sìh yels Wmßu úlsrKYS,S;dj fnlr,a 20la jqjo" wod< lsßmsá f;d.fhka ,nd.;a ksheÈfha fndlr,a 50 l úlsrKYS,S;djla jd¾;d úh'

fï w;r Ök lsßmsá iud.ul ksmo jQ lsßmsáj, zfu,uhskaZ kï ridhksl øjHh we;=<;a ùu ksid orejka oyia .Kkla frda.S ùu;aiuÕ YS% ,xldjg wdkhkh lrk lsßmsá Ndú;d fldg ilik úúO wdydr j¾. ms<sn|jo .eg¨jla 2008 j¾Ifha§ muK me;sr .sfhah' foaYSh fpdla,Ü iud.ulg tfrysjo mdßfNda.sl wêldßh wêlrKh yuqjg kvqlrhla f.dkqlrk ,o w;r" foaYSh ìialÜ iud.ul ksÍlaIKh lrk ,o ìialÜ f;d.hl fu,uhska ridhkslh wvx.= ù we;ehs mjid tu ìialÜ f;d.h wdmiq yrjd hjk ,È

wdkhksl lsßmsáj, .=Kd;aul nj ms<snoj jvd;a uE;§ we;s jQ.eg¨j jkafka" wdkhksl lsßmsá j¾. lsysmhl YÍrhg wys;lr úI

ridhkslhla jk vhsihkavhuhsâ ^DCD& wka;¾.; jk njg mÍlaIKj,ska wkdjrKh ùuhs' tfiau fõ fm%daàk we;=<;a lsß wdydrj,g nelaàßhdjla ñY%ùu ksid we;sjQ .eg¨jo fï ;;a;ajh ;jÿrg;a ixlS¾K lf<ah'

fï tla tla .eg¨ ms<sn|j uola úia;r iys;j úuid n,uq'

ngysr rgj,ska úlsrK iys; lsß meñfKk nj ±lafjk ±kaùula

 

DCD w¾nqoh

DCD hkq ridhk úoHd;aulj rihla" .kaOhla fkdue;s" c,fnjg m;ajk ridhkslhls' fï ma,diaála ksIamdokh i|yd Ndú;

ùu je<elaùu i|yd khsg%cka ndjdhq úfudapk wvq lsÍu i|yd

l%shdj,sfha§ wefudakshd khsfÜ%g ;sîu óg fya;=jhs' fï ksid k

,nd.ekSfï wruqK we;sj kjiS,we;af;a kj ;dlaIKhla f,isks'isÿlr we;s m¾fhaIK .Kkdjla

flfia

DCD m%udKjj¾Ifh;yjqrerchg we;s jQ

fmdfy

fjf<|kjiS,

mjid

fkdjk njh' t<fokqkag ;K .ekSug tfrys jQ kjiS,ka; y

fmkajd§u fjkqjg ;srir mY= m

Herald mqj;am; jd¾;d lr ;sìKs'

flfia fj;;a" kejqï lsßj,

miqlsßmsáj, we;s fm%daàka m%;sY;

njgo iel u;= ù ;sfí' tA wruqwh;a fõ' tyso khsg%cka we;=<m%;spdr olajhs'

DCD wvx.= lsß wdydr Ndú;d lridhksl øjHh È.=l,la YÍr.;we;súh yelsh' jl=.vq ls%hdldßwe;sùugfï ridhksl øjHh fywe;sùug yd È.ska È.gu fiï f

wvmK ùugo fya;= ldrl jk we;sùugo jeä bvlvla ,Õdlrks¾udKh jk úlD;s ffi, j¾O

wjdikdjlg fuka" DCD ridhkms<sn|j cd;Hka;r tlÕ;djhla

3 

2-Cyanoguanidine (C2H4N4) f,i ye¢kafjkfha ødjKh jk" úisÍ hk" r;al< úg l=vq

ridhksl øjHh fmdfydr ksIamdokh yd;hg .efkkakls' khsfÜ%g c, ud¾.j,g tl

dOlhla ^nitrogen inhibitor& f,i yd yß;d.drd ;DKN+ñj, fhdod.kq ,efí' khsá%lrK

njg m;aùu j<lajd,Sug DCDj,g yelshdjkhsg%cka jeä jYfhka mfia r|jd.ekSug;a

,ka;fha ;DKìïj, 2004 muK isg DCD r wod< ld¾hh i|yd fï ridhkhg yelshdju.ska fmkajd§ ;sfí'

fj;;a fï ridhksl øjHh u.ska fjk;a

iys; ;DK wdydrhg .kakd t<fokqkafj,ska we;=<;a úh yels nj miqj wkdjrKha iema;eïnrfha§ kjiS,ka;fha isÿ l< me ù ;sìKs' fï nj kjiS,ka;fha f*dkafgr±kqï§ ;sìKs' fï iïnkaOj trg we;=<; w;r" fï j¾Ifha ckjdß udifha§ kjiS,

ydr iud.ï folla ^Ravensdown yd Ba|fmdf<ka DCD bj;a lr.kakd nj m%ldY l,ka; rch .;a l%shdud¾. trg udOHj, úf

;snqfKa lsßj, DCD wvx.= jQ m%udKh

leùug fhdod .kakd ;DK N+ñj,g fï Dyß; mlaIh fmkajd§ ;snqfKa ridhksl ø

d,khla ms<sn|j Wkkaÿjla ±laúh hq;= njh

'

we;=<;a fïoh yd fm%daàka jeks fmdaIH

;h by< nj fmkaùu i|yd DCD ridhkslh

uqKska lsßmsáj,g ñY% l< fu,uhska wh;aj<;a ksid fm%daàk y÷kd.ekSu i|yd fhdod

lsÍfuka YÍr fi!LHhg n,mEï we;s úh ; ùfuka iakdhq moaO;sh" Yajik moaO;sh yß;ajh wvmK ùu yd l=vd orejkag wvq ya;=úh yelsnj wkdjrKh ù ;sfí' tfiau frda. we;s ùugo fuh fya;=ldrl fõ' iakdhq

DCD ridhkslh" u,noaOh yd nysY%dùh mr fohs' ñka isÿflfrk jvd;a nrm;< wdOkh ùug tfrysj ls%hd l< yels YÍr m%;sYl

kslh wdydrj, we;=<;a úh yels fi!LHhg;ju;a we;s ù fkdue;'

k vq d

la

r K

j ;a jeä M,odhl;ajhla

ridhkslh fhdodf.k jla we;s nj tA ld,fha

n,mEï we;s ù ;sfí'

f.a lsßj, tAjd iq¿ Kh úh' miq.sh 2012 mÍlaIKj,ska fï nj rd iud.u úiska trg uy;a wdkafoda,khla

,ka;fha m%Odk fmf<a

allance Agri-Nutrients& lf<ah' fï iïnkaOj

fõpkhg ,laúh' rch

.eg¨ iys; uÜgul

DCDridhkslh fhdod øjHj, wdrlaIs; iSud

h' fï nj New Zealand

fldgia bj;a lr.;a

h lsßmsáj,g tlalrk

jk ldKavhgu DCDo .kakd mÍlaIKj,g

yels nj mejfia' fï d jl=.vq wdY%s; wdndO jhiska jl=.vq frda. Yajik frda. nyq,j moaO;sh ÿ¾j, ùugo"

moaO;sh wdYS%;j frda. dmodj jkafka YÍrfha la;sh ySk ù hduhs'

g wdrlaIs; m%udKhla

4 

 

Y%S ,xldfõ DCD n,mEu

lsßmsáj, we;=<;a DCD ms<sn|j furg fi!LH n,OdÍka ±kqïj;a lsÍug miq.sh ckjdß udifha§ muK kjiS,ka; ;dkdm;s wxY mshjr f.k ;sìKs'

mdßfNda.sl fiajd wêldßh u.ska lsßmsá kso¾Yl mÍCId lsÍu i|yd isx.mamQrejg jjk ,o" furg fjf<|fmdf<a we;s

lsßmsá j¾. 05 l muK DCD ridhkslh wvx.= nj mdßfNda.sl fiajd wêldßh úiska ;yjqre lr .kakd ,È' tu j¾. yd m%udK 1 j.=fõ ±lafõ'

Y%S ,xldjg wdkhkh lrk wdkhksl lsßmsá j¾.j, Wla; ridhk øjH wvx.= fkdjk njg ms<s.;a ridhdkd.rhlska iy;slhla ;sîu wksjd¾h lsÍug uehs ui 14 jeks Èk furg fi!LH n,OdÍyq lghq;= lf<dah'

flfia fj;;a fi!LH wud;HdxYfha we;eï ks,OdÍkaf.a l%shdldß;ajh fï isÿùu ms<sn| Wkkaÿjla

olajk msßiaj, úfõpkhg ,laj ;sfí' DCD ms<sn|j f,dal fi!LH ixúOdkfha u;h olajñka foaYSh fjf<|fmdf<a we;s wdkhksl lsßmsáj, wvx.= ridhksl m%udKh ñksia YÍrhg ydkshla lsÍug ;rï wêl m%udKhla fkdjk nj fï fi!LH n,OdÍka m<uqj fmkajd § ;sìsKs'

fï w;r 2013 cq,s ui 26 Èk ld¾ñl yd ;dCIK wdh;kh (ITI) úiska wdkhksl lsß msá iïnkaOfhka ksl=;a l< mÍlaIK jd¾;dfõ meyeÈ,sj olajd ;snqfka mÍlaIdjg ,la lrk ,o

wdkhksl lsßmsá j¾. y;rl DCD we;=<;a jQ njh' úoHd yd ;dlaIK wud;HxYhg wh;a ld¾ñl ;dlaIK wdh;kh ksl=;a l< fï jd¾;dj ms<sn|j fi!LH wud;HdxYh uq,ska ksødYS,S m%;sm;a;shla wkq.ukh l< njla fmfka' fï ms<sn| fndfyda úfõpko ±lsh yels úh' wf.daia;= ui 5 jk Èk fï iïnkaOj rcfha ffjoH ks,OdÍkaf.a ix.uh úiska ksl=;a lrk ,o ksfõokhlska ±lajqfka ;dhs,ka; jd¾;djla mokï lr .ksñka fi!LH wud;HxYh ld¾ñl ;dlaIK wdh;kfha jd¾;dj fkdi,ld yßk njhs'

flfia fj;;a" wf.daia;= 8 Èk fi!LH wud;HxYfha wod< ks,Odßhl= úiska ksl=;al< úOdk wxl

2013$7 wkqj DCD iys; lsßmsá j¾. 4lg wh;a ^wekal¾ 1+" wekal¾" ue,snka fkdka *eÜ yd vhukaâ& ldKav 4l lsßmsá uqød ;nd r|jd ;eîug ksfhda. lrk ,È' bka wk;=rej wf.daia;= 23 Èk ksl=;a l<úOdk wxl 2013$8 wkqj ±lafjkafka wod< wdydr iqÿiq mßÈ úkdY lrk f,ih' tfiau 2013 wf.daia;= 30 Èk ksl=;a l< 2013$23 úOdkh wkqj" ld¾ñl ;dlaIK wdh;kfha

úYaf,aIK u; ;j;a lsßmsá j¾.hl ^ñ,af.%da& tla ldKavhla DCD wvx.= ksid wf,úh ;ykï lr úkdY lsÍug ksfhda. lrk,È'

fï w;r furg fjf<|fmdf<ka ,nd.;a lsß wdydr ksheÈ ld¾ñl ;dlaIK wdh;kfha mÍlaIdjg ,la lsÍfuka miqj wf.daia;= 31" iema;eïn¾ 2 yd 18 hk Èkj, we;eï lsßmsá ldKavj,g wh;a

lsßmsá DCD we;=<;a fkdjk nj fi!LH wud;HxYh ;yjqre lr we;' tfiau fuÈku ksl=;a l< ;j;a úOdkhlg wkqj" 2013 cqks 01 Èkg fmr ksIAmdÈ; wdkhkh lr we;s lsßmsá ;ykï lr ksheÈ ,ndf.k mÍlaId lsÍug ksfhda. lr we;'

lsßmsá j¾.h DCD m%;sY;h

,laiafm%a 15'17]

r;a;s 7'42]

ue,snka 0'46]

wekal¾ 0'43]

fkiafm%a 0'36]

1 j.=j( uehs udifha§ DCD wvx.= jQ lsßmsá ^,xld§m" 2013 uehs 20&

 

fõ fm%daàk isÿùu

miq.sh wf.daia;= udih uq,a Nd.f

lsÍu jydu l%shd;aul jk mßÈ k

lS lsßmsáj, wka;¾.; ùu ksidkï jQ l%Svlhkaf.a udxY fmfldg.;a lsß wdydr úfYaIj,h'

fï iuÕ wod< lsßmsá f;dkjiS,ka; n,OdÍka mshjr .le|ùu isÿlrk ,oafoa kjiS,iud.u úiska jk w;r" tAl¾udka;Yd,djl k< moaO;shlslsß wdydrj,g tla ù we;s njms<sn|j iudjo b,a,d ;sìfndgq,skï nelaàßhdj úúO úIw;r" th fnd;=,skshdj fyj;a úfï úI u.ska wxY Nd.h yd Nhdkl f,v frda. mjd we;súu;hhs'

Y%S ,xldfõ m%;spdrh

laf,diaá%ähï fndgq,skï nelaàfurg wdydr n,OdÍka mshjr ie,flk lsßmsá j¾. fjf<|fmlsßmsá j¾. /ila fjf<|fmd<skúOdk wxl 2013$5 u.ska ksfhda..Kkdjla úlsKSu ;djld,slm¾fhaIKdh;kh fj; heùug ks

furg Ndú; jk lsß wdydr j¾lsßmsá j¾. 26la yd ;j;a lsß wfuys§ rcfha ;SrKhg tfrysj isúúO udOH Tiafia wod< lsßmsám%ldY lrkq ±lsh yels úh' rcfha ffjoH ks,OdÍkaf.a ixúOdk fï ms<sn|j ±ä wjOw;r" th uyck;djf.a me;,CIKhls'

fõ fm%daàk wvx.= lsßmsá úlsKSw;aysgqjd mÍlaIK i|yd ksh;ykï lsÍug ksfhda. lrk ,oÈkh ^úOdk 5&' flfia fm¾fhaIKdh;kfha úYaf,aIKnelaàßhdj we;=<;a fkdjk lsÍfuka miq" úlsKSu ;ykï

5 

fha§ Ökh yd reishdj hk rgj,a kjiS,ka;f

kj;ajd ouk ,§' tA Clostridium botulinum kdh' fï nelaàßhdj wka;¾.;j ;snqfKa fõ maYS j¾Okh m%Odk

d. wdmiq le|ùug .;af;ah' fï wdmiq ,ka;fha f*dkafgrd

tA jhsldfgdays msysá lska wod< nelaàßhdj mjiñks' Tjqka fï ìKs' laf,diaá%ähï øjH /ila ksmojk úIùïj,g fya;= fõ' iakdhq wdndO jeks

úh yels nj ffjoH

ßhdfjka lsß ¥IKh ùula we;sjqjfyd;a .;f.k ;sìKs' mej;s ;;a;ajh yuqfõ" fõ

md<g ksl=;a lsÍu ;ykï lr" fjf<|fmd<g ka bj;a lsÍug wf.daia;= 5 ÈkY%S ,xldfõ f. ,ndfok ,§' tA wkqj fõ fm%daàk wvx.= helj w;aysgqjk ,o w;r tAjfhka ksheksfhda. ,nd§ ;sìKs'

¾. .Kkdjl" fõ fm%daàk we;=<;a úh' iuiwdydr j¾. /ila fjf<|fmd<ska bj;a lsÍu

ish ksIamdok j, .=Kd;aul nj yd iqrlaIs; ná iud.ï úiska flfia fj;;a" ix.uh jeks

Odkhlska miqjQ ;af;ka iqNjd§

KSu ;djld,slj eÈ,nd .ekSug oafoa wf.daia;= 6 fj;;a ffjoH Kj,ska wod<

nj ;yjqre lr ;snQ j¾.

fõ fm%daàk hkq fudkjdo

t< lsß fhdod.ksñka isÿlw;=reM,hla f,i ,nd.kak

fjkalr .kakd fm%daàk

Protein hkq lsßj, b;dñY%Khls' fuys khsg%cka b;

l%Svlhkaf.a udxY fmaYS ji|yd fï fm%daàkh fjkalfïjdhska isref¾ j¾Ol fylrkq ,nhs' Yla;sckl mdkksmojkq ,nk w;sf¾l ls

wdY%s; ksIamdokj, fï whey

fhka lsßmsá wdkhkh

kï jQ nelaàßhdj by;

fm%daàk (whey Protein)

; hq;= mshjr .ekSug õ fm%daàk wvx.= hehs

ksl=;a lr we;s tjeks fi!LH n,OdÍka úiska ehs ie,flk ksIamdok È ,ndf.k ffjoH

ia;hla f,i .;fyd;a ug ksfhda. lrk ,È' nj m%ldY lrk ±kaùï

o@

lrk Öia ksIamdokfha kd Èhruh fudare u.ska

ñY%Khla jk Whey du fmdaIKSh fm%daàk ;d wêlh'

j¾Okh jeks m%fhdack lr Ndú; lrkq ,efí' ydafudak i%djh fõ.j;a k j¾." l%Svlhka i|yd lsßmsá j¾. jeks lsß

y Protein wvx.=h'

6 

 

/ilau wf.daia;= 22 Èk isg jßkajr ksoyia lrk ,È' ^úOdk 9"11"17"25"26& tfiau" we;eï lsßwdydrj, we;=<;a fõ fm%daàk ksIamdokh lr kjiS,ka;fhka msg fjk;a rgl njg wod< ;dkdm;s ld¾hd,j,ska fyda wod< iud.ï úiska ,ndÿka iy;sl u; we;eï ksIamdok ksoyia lr ;sfí' ^úOdk 16"20"&

fï w;r DCD fkdue;s nj yd laf,diaá%ähï fndgq,skï nelaàßhdj fkdue;s nj yd kjiS,ka;fha ksIAmdÈ; fõ fm%daàk fkdue;s nj ;yjqrel< úg we,ùu i|yd jQ iaálr ;=kla wf.daia;= 23 Èk úOdk 2013$10 u.ska fi!LH wud;HxYh úiska y÷kajd fok ,È' tfy;a tys rdcH ,dxPkh ;sîu ms<sn|j u;= jQ úfrdaOh ksid fuh iema;eïn¾ 4 Èk rdcH ,dxkh yd fi!LH wud;HxYh hk jpk bj;a lsÍug ksfhda. lrk ,È'

flfia fj;;a wfkla jeo.;a lreK jkafka fõ fm%daàk u.ska mjik ;rï m%fhackhla ,efnkafkao hkakh' wê idkaøsl fõ fm%daàk ix>glh wvx.= úfYaIs; lsßmsá j¾." l%Svlhka yd ks,shka jeks msßia fhdod.ksñka ck;djg jvd;a iqÿiq fmdaIKSh wdydr f,i yqjd olajk wdl¾IKSh fj<| ±kaùï wfma ckudOHj, m<lrkq ±lsh yelsh' tfy;a tAjd u.ska fmdÿfõ iudchg ,ndfok mKsúvfha whym;a Ndjh ms<sn|j lsisÿ úμq;a fyda fjk;a udOHhla j.lSu orkafka ke;' tfiau lsisÿ úoHq;a fyda ,sÅ; m%ldYk udOhla úiska foaYShj ms<sfh, flfrk fld,le| fyda foaYSh T!Iëh mdk ms<sn|j m%udKj;a m%pdrhla ,nd fokq ±lSu b;d ÿ¾,Nh'

fï iïnkaOj cd;sl l%Svd ffjoH wdh;kfha wOHlaI uydpd¾h w¾cqk is,ajd uy;d mjik mßÈ l%Svlfhl=g ch.%ykh ,ndfokafka cdk" ksis mqyqKqj yd fyd| fmdaIKh úkd fujka wys;lr m%pdrl udOHj,ska ,efnk mkakrh fkdfõ' ñksia orefjl=g Èh yels fyd|u yd m%Yia;u wdydrh uõ lsß nj;a" ta fjkqjg lsisÿ wdfoaYlhla fkdue;s nj;a Tyq mjihs' ;jo msálsß Ndú;h w;aysgqjd bkaÈhdj fuka foaYSh ksIamdok mßfNdackhg we,aula we;s lrf.k läkñka Èhr lsß Ndú;hg wm keUqre úh hq;= nj;a Tyqf.a woyihs'

fï w;r wdmiq le|jk ,o wod< lsßmsá j¾.j, wka;¾.; øjH mÍlaId lsÍfuka miqj kjiS,ka; rch wf.daia;= ui w.§ m%ldY lf<a laf,diaá%ähï fndgq,skï wod< nelaàßhdj ms<sn| idOl yuq

fkdjQ njh' flfia fj;;a t;rï ydkslr fkdjk fjk;a nelaàßhdjla jk Clostridium sporogenes yuqjQ njo fï ms<sn| mqj;a jd¾;dj, i|yka úh' fï nelaáÍhdj fndgq,siï ;;a;ajh we;s fkdlrk w;r bka wdydr úIùu isÿúh yelsh'

fï f;dr;=re fy<s ùu;a iuÕ we;s jQ ;;a;ajh ie,ls,a,g .;a Y%S ,xldfõ wdydr WmfoaYl lñgqj iema;eïn¾ 9 Èk furg fjf<|fmdf<a we;s wdydr" laf,diaá%ähï fndgq,skï nelaàßhdj u.ska ¥IKh ùfï wjodku b;d wju nj ;SrKh lrk ,È' fï ksid r|jd we;s f;d. ksoyia lsÍug fukau h<s ksheÈ ,nd fkd.ekSugo ;SrKh ù we;' flfia fj;;a we;eï wdydr f¾.=fõ§ ksheÈ ,ndf.k mÍlaId lsÍugo fuys§ jeäÿrg;a tlÕ;djh m< ù ;sfí'

uq,skau ksl=;a l< f,an,a

 

fu,uhska isÿùu

2008 j¾Ifha w.Nd.fha§ lsßmsájwdydr yd lsß wdY%s; ksIamdÈ; fj

zfu,uhskaZ ^Melamine& hkq ridh,nklD;%suj ksmojk khsg%cka khsg%ckah' fu,uhska fndfyda l,amj;akd ;dmia:dhS ma,diaála wdjrK wdÈh iE§u i|yd fhdoj¾. ;dm mßjrKh" Yío mßjma,diaála fldgia iïnkaO lsÍug

wdydrhl fmdaIK w.h uek nneúka lsßmsáj, wêlj fm%daàk jeä fm%daàka m%;sY;hla wvx.= fu,uhskays fm%daàka .=Kdx.hlm%;sY;hla we;s fu,uhska ridfmkaúh yelsh'

lsßmsá ksmojk Ök iud.ï lsys2008 j¾Ifha§ wkdjrKh ùu ±äúYd, msßilg nrm;< fi!LH .

jQfha jl=.vq yd uq;%d ud¾.h wdY%slsßmsáj,g fu,uhska tla l< nrch mshjr .;af;ah'fï isÿùuf*dkafgrd iud.ug wh;aj ;snQ

fu,uhska ksid úúO fi!LH .ùfuka ms<sld yd m%ckk moaO;sksid iu" wei yd Yajik moaO

jvd;au ydks isÿjkafka jl=.vqj,

Acid& kï ridhkslh iuÕ fu,keue;s øjHhla iE§u ksidh' fïlen,s f,i ;ekam;a ù wjidkfmoaO;shg;a bka n,mEï isÿúh ye

fu,uhska YÍr.; úh yels wdrl;sfí' tA Èklg YÍr nfrys lsf

7 

j, fu,uhska wka;¾.; ùu ksid we;s jQ úIjf<|fmdf<a úYd, wdkafoda,khlg fya;=j ú

hk úoHd;aulj 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine(C3Hwvx.= ldnksl ridhksl øjHhls' tys nßkksIAmdok i|yd fhdod.efka' fu,uhska j¾.hla jk fu,uhska friskh" msÕka n

d.kq ,efí' tfiau fu,uhska fhdod.ksñka jrKh jeks ld¾h i|yd fhdod.; yelshg .kakd ue,shï iE§ugo fïjd fhdod.kq ,e

fu,uhskaj, we;s wêl khsg%cka m%.=Kdx.hla jYfhka w;S;fha§ i;aj ñY% lr we;s w;r" tys m%;sM,hla f,iwl%sh ùfuka ñh f.dia ;snqKs'

flfia fj;;a" lsß we;=¿ wdydrj¾.jeälr fmkaùu ioyd kS;s úfrdaë wdnj l,l mgka jd¾;d ù ;sfí' khs

fm%daàk m%udKh ;SrKh lrk fl,avd

^Dumas& mÍlaIKj,§ fu,uhskao fm%isÿ fõ' tA ksid fu,uhska wdydrj,

ne,Sfï§ tys wvx.= fm%daàka m%;sY;h úfYAIf;sîu w;HjYH fohla f,i mdßfNda.sl cklsß wdydrj,g jeä b,a¨ula ;sfí' tf

la fkdue;' fm%daàk bj;a lrk,o lsßmsáhkslh tla lsÍfï tys fm%daàka m%udKh

ysmhla fu,uhska lsßmsáj,g yd <ore lsßmsáä wdkafoda,khlg mdol úh' fï isÿùfï§ .eg¨ we;s jQ w;r" bka 290"000la muK <uhs

Y%s; frda.dndOhs' fï isÿùug fya;= jQ ika ^Snj ms<s.;af;ah' óg jrolrejka jQ mqoa.,hskug fya;= jQ ika¨ iud.fï fldgiaj,ska nj i|yka fõ'

.eg¨ we;s úh yelsh' ±ä f,i fï ridhk;fha wdndO we;s ùu wjodkula we;s' tfiauO;sfha wid;añl;d jeks .eg¨ we;s fõ' t

,gh' tA fu,uhska ñksia YÍrfha mj;akd ih

,uhska m%;sl%shd lsÍfuka fu,uhska ihkqßlï øjHh c,fha Èh fkdjk w;r" jl=.vqj, wfha§ jl=.vqj, l%shdldÍ;ajhg ydks ù ;jÿrgelsh'

laIs; ffoksl m%udKhla f,dal fi!LH ixúOf,da.%Eï tllg ñ,s.%Eï 0'2la f,ih' úúO r

I ùu ±laúh <ore lsß úh'

H6N6)hkqfjka y÷kajkq ka 66]la muK we;af;a

fhdod.ksñka idok n÷ka" f*dañld yd ìï

ksmojkq ,nk f*daï h' tfiau c,k< ng efí'

m%;sY;h ksid" fm%daàka wdydrj,g fu,uhska

i we;eï i;=ka jl=.vq

.j, fm%daàka ixhq;sh dldrfhka Ndú; lrk hsg%cka m%;sY;h wkqj

d,a ^Kjeldahl& yd vQudia

m%daàk fia y÷kd.ekSu ,g tla lrkq ,efí' fhkau i,ld nef,k

k;dj i,l;s' fï ksid fy;a i;H jYfhkau áj,g" by< khsg%cka jHdc f,i jeä lr

áj,g ñY% lr we;snj fu,uhska úI ùfuka

hska úh' jvd;a nrm;<

Sanlu& kï Ök iud.u kag ±ä o~qjï§ug Ök

43]la kjiS,ka;fha

k øjHhg ksrdjrKh u fï ridhksl øjHh tfiau fu,uhska ksid

hkqßla wï, ^Cyanuric la ^Melamine Cyanuric& we;eï ffi,j, ishqï g;a uQ;%dYhg;a" m%ckk

Odkh u.ska kshu lr rgj, óg jvd fjkia

8 

 

iSud we;s w;r" uE;È we;s jQ wdkafoda,kh;a iuÕfndfyda rgj,a wdrlaIs; mshjrla .ksñka fï wka;rdhlr iSudj my< oud ;sfí'

f,dal wdydr ixúOdkh yd f,dal fi!LH ixúOdkh úiska cd;Hka;r wdydr m%ñ;s kshu lsÍu i|yd msysgqjd we;s zfldfvlaia we,sfukagdreia fldñiuZ 2010 j¾Ifha§ wdydrj, fu,uhska ;sìh yels Wmßu m%udKhla kshu lf<ah' tA wkqj <|re wdydr lsf,da.%Eï tllg ñ,s.%Eï 1lg wvqfjkaa iy wfkla wdydrj, lsf,da.%Eï tllg ñ,s .%Eï 2'5lg wvqfjka fu,uhska ;sîu wdrlaIs; fia ±lafõ' fï iSud ffk;sl kqjQjo" fï m%udKh blaujd hk wjia:dj,§ tu wdydr m%;slafIam lsÍug rgj,g whs;sh ,efí'

YS% ,xldfõ fu,uhska yuqùu

fu,uhska wdkafoda,kh we;s jQ wjia:dfõ§" Y%S ,xldfõ fpdla,Ü ksIamdok wdh;khl yd ìialÜ ksIamdok wdh;khl ksIamdokj, fu,uhskaridhkslh wvx.=j we;ehs wkdjrKh ùu ksid mdßfNda.slhska fnfyúka le,öug m;ajQ w;r" ck;dj mßfNdackhg .kakd fjk;a lsß wdY%s; wdydrj, fu,uhska wvx.= ù ;sfío hkak ms<sn|j ksrka;r úuis,su;a jQy' fuys§ isÿj ;snqfKa foaYSh lsß wdY%s; ksIamdok ksmojk iud.ï úiska Ök lsß iud.ï fj;ska fu,uhska ñY% lr fm%daàk w.h jHdc f,i by< kxjk ,o lsßmsá ñ,§ f.k fkd±kqj;aju ish ksIamdokj,g fh§uls'

fu,uhska ridhkslh ms<sn|j yd bka fi!LHhg we;súh yels n,mEu ms<sn|j ckudOH yryd ck;dj ±kqj;a lrk ,È' fï ksid we;sjQ wjdisodhl ;;a;ajh u.yerùu i|yd wod< iud.ï úiska ;u wdydrj, iqrlaIs; Ndjh ms<sn|j ±kaùï m< lsÍugo mshjr f.k ;sìKs'

fï wjia:dfõ§ furg fi!LH wud;HdxYh úiska f,dal fi!LH ixúOdkfha ±kqj;a lsÍu u; mshjr .;a w;r" fjk;a rgj,ska wdkhkh l< lsß yd ta wdY%s; wdydr j¾. w;ßka Ökfhka wdkhkh l< tajd yer wksla f;d. f¾.=fjka ksoyia lr wod< .nvd fj; heùug;a" Ökfhka wdkhkh l< f;d. f¾.=fõu r|jd ;eîug;a ksfhda. lrk ,§'

fï w;r fpdla,Ü ksIamdokh lrk foaYSh lïy,lg tfrysj fld<U ufyaia;%d;a wêlrKfha ukqIH mßfNdackhg kqiqÿiq oE wvx.= lr wdydr ksmoùu iïnkaOj mdßfNda.sl lghq;= wêldßh úiska kvq mjrk ,§' wjidkfha§ Ökfhka f.kajk lsßmsá fkdfhdod" wdydr mdk ksmoùug wjir foñka wêlrKh foaYSh l¾udka; Yd,dfõ meje;au iqrlaIs; lr ;sfí'

wdydr WmfoaYl lñgqfõ ;SrKh mßÈ"wjqreoaolg jvd wvq <orejka i|yd ,xldfõ wf,ú lrk lsßmsáj, yd ta wdY%s; ksIamdokj, fu,uhska lsisfia;a wvx.= fkdúh hq;= njg yd wdkhkh lrkq ,nk tjeks ksIamdok ;ykï lsÍug fi!LH wud;HdxYh mshjr .;af;ah' fï wkqj 2010 ud¾;= 24 Èk ksl=;alrk ,o .eiÜ ksfõokhg wkqj lsf,da.%Eï tllg ñ,s.%Eï 01lg jvd wêl fu,uhska m%udKhla wka;¾.; lsß fyda lsßmsá ksIamdokhla furgg wdkhkh" ksIamdokh" m%jdykh" fnodyeÍu" úlsKSu yd úlsKSu i|yd m%o¾Ykh lsÍu ;ykï lrk ,È' tfiau lsß wdydr wdkhkfha§" fï m%udKh fkdblaujk njg wod< rfÜ ms<s.;a wdh;khlska iy;slhla ;sîuo wksjd¾h lr ;sfí'

9 

 

lsß wdydr yd fi!LHh

DCD" fõ fm%daàk yd fu,uhska isÿùïj,ska fmfkkafka wdkhksl lsß wdydr fukau fjk;a wdydr øjH iïnkaOj wfmawjOdkh by< kexúh hq;= njh' úfYaIfhkau wdkhksl lsßmsá fyda lsßmsá wdY%s; fjk;a ksIamdokhl fydafjk;a wdydr øjHhl fyda fmdaIKSh w.h kxjd,Sfï wruqKska tl;= flfrk úúO ridhksl øjH ksid Y%S ,dxlsl mdßfNda.slhkaf.a fi!LHh flf¾ wys;lr n,mEï we;súh yelso hkak y÷kd.ekSu yd läkñka wjYH mshjr .ekSu jeo.;ah'

tfiau ck;djg fï ms<sn|j ksjerÈ wjfndaOhla ,ndÈh yels yd wod< ks;s Í;s l%shd;aul lsÍfï n,h we;s rdcH ks,OdÍka iajlSh j.lSu bgql< wdldrh ms<sn|j úuid ne,sh hq;= fõ' furg wdydr md,kh yd iïnkaOj uQ,sl jYfhka jeo.;a jkafka 1980 wxl 26 orK wdydr mk; yd tys ksfhda. fõ' fuys wêldß n,h we;af;a" fi!LH wud;HxYhg jk w;r mdßfNda.sl lghql= wêldßhgo Bg wod< kS;suh rduqj hgf;a hï hï n,;, mejÍ we;' fï wkqj ck;djg fmdaIKSh yd fi!LHdrCIs; wdldrfhka wdydrmdk iemhSu yd ta ms<sn|j u.fmkaùu isÿ lrkafka m%Odk jYfhka fi!LH wud;HdxYh yd mdßfNda.sl lghq;= ms<sn| wêldßh u.sks'

wdydr mk; yd tys ksfhda. ms<sn|j i,ld n,k úg" wdydr md,kh ms<sn|j ie,lsh hq;= ks;s moaO;shla furg we;s nj fmfka' tfy;a fmfkkag we;s wdldrhg fuys§ isÿj we;af;a" kS;s yd ksfhda. ksis f,i läkñka l%shd;aul fkdùu nj fmfka' ksoiqkla f,i .;fyd;a by; isÿùïj,§ fi!LH wud;HxYh hï wdldrhl l,aueÍula njg fpdaokd t,a, ù we;' wjYH mshjr .ekSfï§ we;sjQ m%udoh meyeÈ,sj fmfkkakls' úfYAIfhka rcfha ffjoH ks,OdÍkaf.a ix.uh fï ms<sn|j hym;a ia:djrhl isáhs' rcfha ffjoH ks,OdÍkaf.a ix.uh u.ska ksl=;a lr we;s ksfõok u.skao fmfka'

hym;a wdydr md,khla i|yd

fï wkqj lsß fukau fiiq wdydr md,kh lsÍu i|yd fukau tA hdka;%Kh ksis f,i l%shd;aul ùu i|yd .; hq;= ;j;a mshjr we;s nj fmfka' úfYAIfhka fï iïnkaOj È.=ld,Sk jevigykla wjYH nj fï wkqj meyeÈ,sh' fï ms<sn|j rcfha ffjoH ks,OdÍkaf.a ix.uh úiska oi jeoEreï jevms<sfj,la miq.sh wf.daia;= udifha§ bÈßm;a lr ;sfí'

1. lsßmsá fjkqjg Èhr lsß m%j¾Okh lsÍu

2. fi!LH fiajd wOHlaI ckrd,ajrhdf.a m%Odk;ajfhka hqla; wdydr wêldßh Yla;su;a lsÍu

3. wdydrj, .=Kd;aul Ndjh yd wdrlaIs; nj ;yjqre lsÍfï tallhla msyssgqùu

4. udkj fmdaIK úfYAI{ fiajdjla msysgqùu

5. ffjoH úI fiajdjla ia:dms; lsÍu

6. wdydr ±kaùï yd m%j¾Okh yd iïnkaO kS;s yd ksfhda. Yla;su;a lsÍu

7. wdydr wdrlaIdj iïnkaO úoHd.dr myiqlï m%j¾Okh lsÍu

8. fndfkdjk frda. widudkH f,i jHdma; ùu iïnkaO fya;= fidhd ne,Sug mshjr .ekSu

9. uõlsß §u m%j¾Okh lsÍu yd uõlsß l<udkdlrK uOHia:dk myiqlï j¾Okh

10. fi!LHu;a yd wdrlaIs; wdydr ms<sn| ixl,amh

10 

 

t<lsßj,.=K-w.=K

w¨; Wmka <orejl=g fuf,dj ,ndÈh yels fyd|u lsß uõlsß fõ' tA ms<sn|j újdohla fkdue;' Wmf;a isg udi 06 olajd <orejl=g fjk;a lsisÿ wdydrhlska f;drj uõlsß muKla ,nd§ug ks¾foaY lrkafka l%ufhka jefvk <ore YÍrhg w;HjYH fmdaIK ix>gl ish,a, tys wvx.=jk neúks' tfy;a hï fya;=jla ksid <orejl=g wjYH uõ lsß ,nd§u ujgl< fkdyels kï" ^uj frda.S ùu fyda<orejd uõ lsß îu m%;slafIam lsÍu jeks& tjeks wjia:djl§ wdfoaYlh f,i <ore lsßmsá j¾. Ndú; l< yelsh' <ore lsß msá ish,a,u mdfya" Èhr lsß wkqidrfhka ilia flfrk w;rtAjdfha ixhq;sh yels;dla ÿrg uõlsßj, ixhq;shg wdikakj ;nd .ekSug wod< ksIamdok iud.ï W;aidy orhs' tfy;a uõ lsßj, fmdaIK .=Kh wiuiu jk neúka" <ore lsßmsá lsisfia;au uõlsßj,g iu l< fkdyel'

flfia fj;;a" jeäysáhkag;a jeo.;a jk fmdaIHodhS w;sf¾l wdydrhla f,i t<lsß y÷kajd fokq ,efí' tfy;a lsßj, we;=<;a fm%daàk jeäysáhkag Ô¾Kh lsÍu wmyiq fõ'

lsßj, we;=<;a fmdaIl m%udKh fufiah'

fm%daàk 3] ldfndayhsfâ%Ü 5] fïoh 4] c,h 87] óg wu;rj lsßj, le,aishï yd úgñk we;=<;ah'

flfia fj;;a fï fmdaIl m%udKh fjk;a fndfyda wdydrh,ska ,nd.; yelsh' ksoiqkla f,i .;fyd;a úh<s ye,aueiaikaf.a we;=<;ajk le,aishï m%udKh lsßj,g jvd fndfyda fia wêlh' fld< j¾.j,o le,aishï we;=<;ah' tA wkqj iunr wdydr fõ,la u.ska lsßj,ska ,efnk fndfyda fmdaIl ,nd.; yels nj fmfka' lsß w;HYjH wdydrhla fkdjk nj ;SrKh lsÍu l< yelsh'

tfy;a fï jk úg lsß wfma wdydr ixialD;sfha yd wdydr j¾.j, lsß i|yd úfYAI ;ekla wkdÈu;a l,l isg mj;S' furg .jhskaf.ka ,nd .kakd lsß fhdod.ksñka" fhda.Ü" mdiagÍlrKh lrk ,o lsß" uqojk ,o lsß" ng¾ jeks úúO mrdihl lsß ksIamdok idokq ,efí' tfiau lsß fhdod.ksñka ilialrk wdydr j¾.o fndfyda fia ;sfí' fï ksido lsß wdydr i|yd wêl b,a¨ula ±lsh yelsh'

ffjoH m¾fhaIKdh;kfha ks¾foaYh wkqj tAl mqoa., lsß wjYH;djh j¾Ihlg lsf,da.%Eï 60-65 muK nj úúO uQ,dY%hj, i|yka fõ' flfia fj;;a uy nexl=fõ 2012 jd¾Isl jd¾;dfõ cd;sl lsß mßfNdack wjYH;djh .Kkh lrkq ,nkafka ffoksl tal mqoa., mßfNdackh ñ,s,Sg¾ 100la f,i i,ld nj fmfka'

wdhq¾fõo u;h

wdhq¾fõofha úúO lsß j¾. iy tajdfha .=K-w.=K ms<sn|j i|yka fõ' lsß j¾. wgla ms<sn|j wdhq¾fõofha i|yka jqjo bka m%Odkj Ndú;d jkafka t<lsßh' t<lsß wvx.= fldg ksIamdokh lrk T!IO /ila wdhq¾fõofha Ndú; fõ' t<lsß ms<sn|j i|yka jeo.;a lreKq lsysmhla fufiah'

• t< lsß uDÿ iaks.aO .=Kfhka hqla; jk ksid fmdaIKSh yd n,j¾Ol wdydrhla fõ'

• t< lsß hkq iS;, .=Kfhka hq;= nr wdydrhls' fï ksid t<lsß ks;r mdkh lsÍfuka fiu .;sh jeäúh yelsh' tf,iu fiï frda.Skago lsß wys;lr úh yelsh' tksid weÿu" mSki" l=Iag frda." wid;añl;d jeks frda. iys; wh t,lsß mdkh lsÍu t;rï fhda.H fkdfõ'

11 

 

• tfiau YÍr ÿ¾j,;dj" ukaofmdaIKh" YÍr odyh" r;ams; jeks we;eï frda. mj;akd wjia:dj,§ t<lsß mßfNdackh lsÍu jeo.;a fia ie,fla'

t<lsßj, ±lsh yels fï fmdÿ .=K fjkiaùug n,mdk idOl lsysmhlao y÷kd.; yelsh'

• fokqkaf.a wdydr iy cSj;ajk mdßißl ;;a;ajh

• lsß fodjd .kakd fõ,dj

• lsß ,nd .kakd t<fokqkaf.a YÍr j¾Kh

tfiau" §lsß" fudare" .sf;,a" ng¾" Öia wdÈ t<lsß j,ska ;kkq ,nk fiiq wdydr j¾.j, .=K óg jvd fjkia úh yelsh'

t<j¿ muKla wdydrhg .kakd iy i;a;aj udxY wdydrhg fkd.kakd whg wjYH fm%daàk ,nd .; yels wdydrhla f,i t<lsß jeo.;a fõ' tys§ Èhr lsß fukau miaf.dari hkqfjka y÷kajk wfkl=;a lsß wdydrj,go iu;ekla ,eìh hq;=h' úfYaIfhkau uqojd .;a lsß wdydrhg tla lr .ekSu tys fmdaIK .=Kh fyd¢ka ,nd .ekSfï tl l%uhls'

flfia fj;;a" Èkm;d t<lsß mdkh lsÍu jeäysáhkag w;HjYH njla wdhq¾fõofha i|yka fkdfõ'

lsßmsá ksmoùfï§ fhdod .kq ,nk l%ufõoh ksid tys ksis .=Kh wvx.= fkdfõ' tksid iajdNdúl Èhr lsß iy msá lsß lsisfia;a iudk fkdfõ' iajdNdúl lsß j, wvx.= ishÆ foa msá lsßj, wvx.= fkdfõ' tfiau iajdNdúl wvx.= fkdjk fndfyda foa msálsßj, wvx.= fõ' tmuKla fkdj f.dúfmd< i;=kaf.a wdydr iy mdßißl ;;a;aj u; tu lsßj, .=K iïnkaOfhka ksYaÑ; yd ksiel iy;slhla §uo W.ygh' .fï f.dfâ yeÿKq jevqKq tysu ;Kfld< W,dlk fokqka f.a lsß kï iajdNdúl .=K iys; nj ksielju lsj yelsh'

12 

 

Y%S ,xldfõ lsß Ndú;h yd ksIamdokh

t<lsß hkq w;HjYH wdydrhla fkdjk kuq;a furg ck;djf.a lsß wjYH;djh iïmQ¾K lr .ekSu i|yd wjYH lsß wdydr msgrgj,ska wdkhkh lsÍu fukau furg we;=<; ksIamdokh lsÍuo ±lsh yelsh'

Y%S ,xld ffjoH m¾fhaIKdh;kh u.ska ks¾foaYs; tal mqoa., lsß m¾fNdackh jkafka j¾Ihlg lsß lsf,da.%Eï 60-65 w;r m%udKhls'

2012 jif¾§ iuia; cd;sl lsß mßfNdack wjYH;djfhka iuia; foaYSh lsß ksIaamdokfhka 40]la muK m%udKhla imhd§ we;s nj fmfka' bka 2012 jir we;=<;§ wdkhkh lrk ,o lsßmsá m%udKh lsf,da.%Eï ñ,shk 79'4 olajd m%;sY;hla jYfhka 5'5] lska my< jeàug mdol úh'

by; lS tal mqoa., lsß m¾fNdackh mokï lr.ksñka 2016 j¾Ih jk úg foaYShj ksIAmdÈ; lsßj,ska rg iajhxfmdaIs; lsÍug kï ±kg ,Sg¾ ñ,shk 258la muK jk foaYSh t<lsß ksIamdokh ,Sg¾ ñ,shk 732la olajd by< kexúh hq;= fõ'

Y%S ,xldfõ lsß wdydr wdkhkh

Y%S ,xldfõ lsß wjYH;djfhka ie,lsh hq;= m%udKhla úfoaYSh rgj,ska wdkhkh lrkq ,efí' lsß ms<sn|j we;s ù ;sfnk .eg¨ w;ßka jeä m%udKhla we;s ù ;sfnkafka wdkhksl lsßmsá ksid nj meyeos,sh' msgrgj,ska Y%S ,xldjg wdkhkh lrkq ,nk wdydrmdk w;=ßka jeäu uqo,la jeh lrkq ,nk ksIamdok w;r lsß msá yd lsß wdY%s; ksIamdok ;sfí' uE; ld,fha§ lsß wdY%s; ksIAmdok wdkhkh lsÍu i|yd jeh lr we;s uqo, yd th iuia; wdkhk úhofuka fl;rï m%;sY;hlao hkak 2 j.=fõ ±lafõ'

wdkhksl lsßmsáj, mj;akd .=Kd;aul ;;a;ajh ms<sn|.eg¨ yereKq úg lsßmsá ñ, ks;r by< hduo mdßfNda.slhkag mSvdjla fõ' f,dal fjf<ofmdf<a lsßmsá ñ, by< hk wjia:dj,§ tA nj olajñka lsßmsá ñ, jeälsÍug b,a,Sï lsÍu lsßmsá iud.ï isÿlrhs'

wfkla w;g .=Kd;aulNdjfhka yd iodpdrd;aulNdjfhka f;dr lsßmsá fjf<o ±kaùïj,g lsßmsá iud.ï jd¾Islj jeh lrk w;súYd, uqo,la jQ ^remsh,a ñ,shk 5000 lg jvd jeä& m%pdrl msßjeh fkdfõ kï" lsßmsá lsf,dajla ±kg mj;akd ñ,g jvd wvq idOdrK ñ,lg mdßfNda.slhdg iemhSugo yelshdj ,eìh hq;=h'

.=Kd;aul jYfhka yd ffjoH úoHd;aul jYfhka fu;rï msálsß iïnkaO .eg¨ u;=j ;sìh§;a lsßmsá wdkhkh by< hkafka foaYSh lsß ksIamdokh m%udKj;a fkdùu ksidh' wdkhksl lsßmsá iSud flfrkafka kï tu ysvei mqrjd,Su ioyd mdßfNda.slhka fj; Èhr lsß fyda foaYSh msálsß ,nd§ug yels ùu wjYHh'

2012 jk úg Y%S ,xldfõ t<.jhska 1"200"000la muK isáho" l=vd yd uyd mßudK lsß f.dúfmd< 196"000la muKo mej;sho" úêu;a ie,eiaula iys;j fï lghq;= kshdukh fkdùu ksid" miq.sh oYl ;=kl muK ld,fha§ foaYSh lsß l¾udka;h hï ì| jeàulg ,laù we;' 1978 j¾Ih jk úg rgg wjYH lsß m%udKfhka 80]la muK fï rfÜ ksIamdokh lrk ,o kuq;a" wo jk úg tA m%udKh mj;skafka 40]muK uÜgulh' tfy;a tA uE; ld,fha§ we;s jQ j¾Okhla yd iuÕsks'

j¾Ih wdkhk úhou ^re' ñ,shk&

iuia; wdkhk úhofï m%;sY;h

2008 31"221 2'0]

2009 18"948 1'6]

2010 29"214 1'9]

2011 38"182 1'7]

2012 39"023 1'6]

2 j.=j( Y%S ,xldfõ lsß wdkhk o;a; ^uQ,dY%h( jd¾Isl jd¾;d" Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j&

13 

 

fuys§ foaYSh lsß ksIAmdokh ÈhqKq lsÍfuka .ïno ck;djf.a wd¾Ól ;;a;ajh j¾Okh jk w;r wdkhksl lsßmsá ioyd jd¾Islj msgrgg we§hk w;súYd, OkialkaOho wm rg we;=<; r|jd.ekSugo yelsjkq we;' tfiau bka u;= jk zish rg foa isß iem foaZ hk foaYSh Ñka;kh mdol lr.;a iqNjd§ wdl,amj,ska ck;dj mßmQ¾K ùuo isÿ jkq we;'

foaYShlsß ksIamdokfha j¾Okh

wdkhksl lsßmsá yd ta wdY%s; ksYAmdok f.kaùu fjkqjg foaYSh lsß ksYamdokh fhda.H úi÷ula jk nj meyeÈ,sh' tfiau uyskao Ñka;kh hgf;a Èhr lsß m%j¾Okh lsÍu cd;sl m%;sm;a;shla fia ms<sf.k ;sfí'

foaYSh lsß.j ksIamdokh m%j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd ie,iqï iy.; m%h;akhla rchuE; ld,fha§ f.k we;s w;r tA ksid foaYSh lsß ksYamdokfha by< hk m%jK;djhla uE; ld,fha§ ±lsh yelsh' j¾;udk rch n,hg m;a 2005 jif¾ isg fï olajd .; jQ ld,h we;=<; foaYSh lsß ksIamdokfha lemS fmfkk j¾Okhla olakg ;sfí' uy nexl= jd¾;d wdY%fhka ilia lrk ,o 3 j.=fjka th meyeÈ,j ±lafõ'

3 j.=j( mY= iïm;a ^lsß .j& wxYh ms<sn| ixLHd

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

1 cd;sl .jhka ixLHdj ^ñ,shk& t<.jhska ó.jhska

1'5 1'2 0'3

1'5 1'2 0'3

1'5 1'1 0'4

1'6 1'2 0'4

1'6 1'2 0'4

1'6 1'2 0'4

2 cd;sl lsß ksYamdokh ^,Sg¾ ñ,shk& t<lsß ólsß

202'0 169'7 32'3

208'1 172'4 35'7

233'4 184'1 49'3

247'6 191'9 55'6

258'3 203'5 54'8

299'3 237'6 61'6

3 lsß wdydr ksIamdokh ^,Sg¾ ñ,shk& 12'1 13'5 25'3 17'8 21'4 29'3 4 t<lsß ksIamdok ñ, ^,Sgrhla remsh,a& 21'00 29'53 29'53 32'48 50'00 50'00

uQ,dY%h( jd¾Isl jd¾;d" Y%s ,xld uy nexl=j

furg foaYSh jYfhka lsß ksIAmdokfha fhfok uyd mßudK iud.ï w;r rchg wh;a iud.ula jk ñ,aflda iud.u m%qL;ajhla .kshs' lsß wdY%s; wdydr /ila ksmojk ñ,aflda iud.fï ksIamdokh uE; ld,fha§ by< f.dia we;s w;r bÈß udi oywgl ld,h we;=<; iajlSh ksIamdokh fo.=Khla lsÍugo Tjqka wfmalaId lrhs'

mY= iïm;a yd .%dóh m%cd ixj¾Ok wud;HxYhg wkqj Y%S ,xldfõ ffokslj ksIamdokh lrkq ,nk lsß m%udKh ,Sg¾ 800"000la muK fõ' fï m%udKfhka 500"000la muK iud.ï ;=kla u.ska ñ,§ .efka' tA ñ,aflda ^,Sg¾ 210"000&" fkiaf,a ^,Sg¾ 160"000&" me,aj;a; ^,Sg¾ 130"000& jYfhks' fï w;r fld;auf,a ^,Sg¾ 40"000&" wfòfj, ^,Sg¾ 30"000&" ,lS fhda.Ü ^,Sg¾ 18"000&yd ßÉ,hs*a ^,Sg¾ 11"000& hk iud.ïo lsß ñ,§ .kakd w;r fï ish¨ iud.ï úúO lsß wdydr /ila ksIAmdokh lrhs'fï b;sß lsß m%udKh fndfyda ÿrg mqoa.,sl mßfNdackhg yd Rcqj mdßfNda.slhdg imhk lsß f.dùkaf.a ksIAmdok fõ'

uE; ld,fha§ foaYSh lsß yd lsß wdY%s; ksIamdok j¾Okh i|yd fya;= ù we;s fya;= fufiah'

1. lsß i|yd ,ndfok ñ, by< kexùu-2010 j¾Ih jk úgo lsß ,Sgrhla i|yd f.dúhdg ,enqfka re' 32'80la muKs' tfy;a lsß ,Sgrhl ksIamdok msßjeh re' 27'86la muK úh' lsß ,Sgrhla i|yd f.jkq ,nk iïu; ñ, re' 50la olajd 2011 j¾Ifha§ by< kexùu lsß f.dùka ;jÿrg;a lsß ksIamdokh fj; fhduqùug fmd<Ujkakls'

14 

 

2. lsß .jhska ixLHdj j¾Okh lsÍug mshjr .ekSu - cd;sl mY= iïm;a uKav,fha lsß f.dúfmd<j, ksIamdokh uE; ld,fha§ by< hEug fya;=j wdkhksl lsß .jhskaf.a by< M,odhs;djhhs'

3. lsß .j md,kh i|yd ,nd§ we;s iyk yd Kh fhdackd l%u - iq¿ mßudK lsß f.dúka yd uyd mßudK jHjidhlhka i|yd jdKsc nexl= u.ska úúO Kh fhdackdl%u y÷kajd§ ;sfí' lsß .jhka ñ,§ .ekSu" .j.d,a ;ekSu jeks ld¾h i|yd fu u.ska Kh uqo,am%odkh flfrk w;r ±kg wkque;shg fhduq lr we;s kj;u lsß .j ixj¾Ok Kh fhdackd l%uh uyd mßudK jHjidhlhskag jvd;a úmq, m%;s,dN w;alr fokq we;'

4. W;=re yd kef.kysr m<d;aj, odhl;ajh jeäùu yd há;, myiqlï jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu -w;S;fha lsß ksIAmdokh i|yd jeo.;a jQ W;=re yd kef.kysr m<d;aj, lsß ksIamdokh oYl ;=klg wêl ld,hla meje;s ;%ia; .egqï ksid wvd, ù ;sìKs' tfy;a 2009 j¾Ifhka miq" tA m%foaYj, .j mÜá md,kh yd lsß ksIAmdokh l%ufhka by< hñka mj;S' fï i|yd rcfha odhl;ajho ,eîu ksid fï m%.;shg fya;=jls'

5. foaYSh lsßmsá ksIamdok l¾udka;hg ,nd§ we;s nÿ iyk - mj;akd nÿ jHqyh we;=<; l¾udka;hla jYfhka lsßmsá ksIamdok l¾udka;h ie,lSfï § jir 05l nÿ iyk ld,hla yd blaì;s 12] iyk nÿ wkqmd;hla ,ndfoa'

foaYSh lsß ksIamdokfha wLKav j¾Okhla i|yd w;HjYH lreKq

mY= iïm;ayd .%dóh m%cd ixj¾Ok wud;HxYh 2011 jif¾§ m%ldYhg m;a l< uQ,sl mY= iïm;a ie,iqfï i|yka mßÈ" 2016 jir wjidk jk úg lsßj,ska rg iajhxfmdaIs; ùu i|yd b,lalhla m%ldYhg m;alr we;' fï jk úg iemfhkafka foaYSh lsß wjYH;djfhka 40]la muKla kï" lsßj,ska iajhxfmdaIs;Ndjh w;am;a lr.ekSu i|yd ;j ÿr hd hq;= nj meyeÈ,sh'

foaYSh lsß ksIamdokh wLKavj Èß .ekaùfuys,d jeo.;ajk m%Odk lsysmhla y÷kd .; yelsh'

1. wNsckkh lrk ,o Wiia lsß .jhska ,nd§u- mj;sk cdk iïm;aj, ÿ¾j, Wmfhdackh ksid .jhskaf.a wvq M,odhs;djla ;sîug fya;=jls' fï ksid wNsckkh lrk ,o Wiia lsß .jhska ,nd§u wjYH jkw;r" fï .jhska foaYSh ld,.=Khg yd mßirhg WÑ; i;=ka ùuo fnfyúka jeo.;ah' c¾is" mS%ishka jeks .j j¾.j,g jvd" bka§h m%Njhlska hq;= iskaê" iySjd,a jeks .j j¾. fuys,d jvd;a M,odhS úh yelsh' ;jo" foaYSh ngq .j j¾. lD;s%u isxpkhg ,la lsÍfukao M,odhs id¾:l fk,d .; yelsh'

2. lsß .jhska i|yd m%udKj;a ;DK N+ñ we;s lsÍu- lsß wdydr ksIAmdokh mq¿,aj isÿlrk m%foaYj, ;DK N+ñj, wjYH;djh jvd;a nrm;< fõ' m%udKj;a ;rï ;K ìï fkdue;s ùu ksid .jhka wdrlaIs; m%foaYj,g fj; fhduq lsÍug .jysñhka lghq;= lrk w;r th mdßißl .eg¨j,go fya;= ù ;sfí'

3. ks,Odß ysÕhwjika lsÍu - lsß f.dùkaag wjYH fiajd imhk rcfha ks,OdÍka jkafka i;a;aj ixj¾Ok ks,OdÍka yd mY= ffjoHjrekah' mY= ffjoHjrekaf.a ixLHdj fï jk úg 617 olajd j¾Okh ù we;;a" i;a;aj ixj¾Ok ks,OdÍkaf.a .Kk 1978 jif¾isg fï olajd ld,h we;=<; 816 fokl=f.a isg 516la olajd wvq ù ;sfí'

4. w;HjYH iyk iemhSu - .jhskag m%;sldr ,nd §u" lD;su isxpkh wdÈ lghq;= lsÍfï§ lsß f.dùkag ie,lsh hq;= uqo,la jeh lsÍug isÿj we;' fï ksidf.dùkag wjYH iyk Kh myiqlï ie,iSu l< hq;=fõ' miq.sh j¾Ifha§ l%shd;aul l< iyk ñ,g lsß yrl=ka iyd >k wdydr yd Lksc ,jk ,nd §fï jevms<sfj, yd lsß .j rlaIKh h,s weröuo ld,Sk wjYH;djhla njg m;aj ;sfí'

15 

 

5. lsß /ialsÍfï we;s .eg¨úi£u - .%dóhj ksIamdokh jk Èhr lsß tla /ialsÍu i|yd §mjHdma; cd;sl jevms<sfj,la l%shd;aul fkdfõ' ñ,aflda" fkiaf,a jeks fm!oa.,sl iud.ï úiska Èhr lsß tla /ia lrk uOHia:dk wrUd we;;a bka rfÜ lsß ksIamdokh lrk ish¨ m%foaY wdjrKh fkdfõ'

6. Èhr lsß fnodyeÍfï úêu;a jevms<sfj,la ieliSu - Èhr lsß mdkh i|yd leu;a; olajk mdßfNda.slhkag Èhr lsß,nd .ekSfï myiqlï läkñka ie,ish hq;=h' fuys§ rcfha" rchg wkqnoaO yd fm!oa.,sl wdh;kj,g úYd, odhl;ajhla ,ndÈh yelsh' Èhr lsß mdkh lsÍu WoEik isÿjk l%shdj,shla jk neúka msßisÿj yd ld¾hlaIuj Èhr lsß fndodyeÍfï ld¾hh ixúOdkh l< hq;=h' cd;sl mY= iïm;a ixj¾Ok uKv,h fujeks W;aidyhla fï jif¾ iema;eïn¾ uq,a i;sfha isg wdrïN lf<ah'

lsß ksIamdokh ms<sn| rdcH wxYfha j.lSu

foaYSh lsß ksIamdokh m%j¾Okh lsÍfuys,d m%Odk j.lSï Ndrh Wiq,kafka i;aj ksIamdok yd fi!LHh fomd¾;fïka;=jhs' fuys wNHka;r l%shdmámdáh jvd úêu;a lsÍfuka M,odhS lsß fokqka jeä ixLHdjla ìys lr.; yels w;r" th lsß ksIamdokh j¾Okh lsÍfï§jvd;a m%;sM,odhl fõ' wdkhksl lsß msáj,ska whlrk nÿ mokï lr.ksñka ;SrK .ekSug jvd" ieneúkau foaYSh lsß l¾udka;h kexùfuys,d by; lS mßÈ fomd¾;fïka;= l%shd mámdáh mq¿,a lsÍfuka úmq, m, fk,d .; yelsh'

fuys,d my; i|yka l%ufõohka wkq.ukh l< hq;= fõ'

1' lD;su isxpkfha id¾:l;ajh i|yd wod< l%shdmámdáh ksis f,i wkq.ukh lsÍu isÿ l< hq;=h' lD;s%u isxpkfhka miq .eí mÍlaIKh wksjd¾hfhka isÿlsÍu yd .eí f.k fkdue;s i;=ka y÷kdf.k bkamiq h; hq;= wjYH mshjr .ekSu jeo.;ah' ;=kajeks jrgo lD;su isxpkh isÿlr blaì;s .eí fkd.;a i;=ka bj;a l< hq;=h'

2' lD;%Su isxpkfha§ .eyeKq i;=ka muKla ìys flfrk sexed semen l%uh Èjhsk mqrd l%shd;aul l< hq;=h' lD;S%u isxpkfhka we;eï úg WmÈk msßñ megjqka /ln,d .ekSug .%dóh lsß f.dúhdg isÿù ;sfí' m%dK >d;kh fkdlrk fn!oaO .eñhka lsß .j md,kfhka ÿriaùug fuho fya;=jls'

3' f.dúfmd< ie,iqïlrKh wkqj" i;=kaf.ka wLKavj lsß ,nd.ekSfï mokula u; lD;%su isxpkfhka fokqka .eí .ekaùu l< hq;=h' wd¾Ól jYfhka M,odhS i;=ka muKla f.dúfmdf<a r|jdf.k" fiiq i;=ka bj;a lsÍfï l%ufõohla wkq.ukh lsÍuo jeo.;ah'

4' ;DK j.dj i|yd lsß f.dúhdg m%udKj;a uQ,HdOdrhla ,nd.; yels l%uhla ilia l< hq;=h' ±kg wkqu; §ukdj m<d;a jYfhka fjkia fõ' wju jYfhka wlalrhlg re' 30"000$}la muK ,nd§u jeo.;ah' f;a" fmd,a" rn¾ j.dj fujeks wdOdr l%u l%shd;aul fõ'

5' lsß.j md,kfha§ wjYH jk T!IO" úgñka iy Lksc ,jK wdÈh tAjd ksIAmdokh lrk rgj,ska wdkhkh lr" iykodhS ñ, l%uhlg mY= ffjoH ld¾hd, yryd lsß f.dúhdg ,nd§u jeo.;ah'

6' fmrjrefõ fukau miajrefõo lsß fodjd .ekSug l%uhla ilia l< hq;= w;r" ^Wofha ,Sg¾ 10 kï iji ,Sg¾ 5 muK wdÈ f,i& fuys§ iji fodjk lsß l,a ;nd.ekSu i|yd tl;=

lsÍfï uOHia:dk fj; l,a;nd .ekSfï gexls (cooling tanks) ,nd§u l< hq;= fõ' 7' tA tA m%foaYj, ksmojkq ,nk lsß" ta ta m%foaY we;=<;u wf,ú lrk l%ufõohla ilia l<

hq;= w;r" fuys§ lsß wdY%s; ksIamdÈ;j, msßjeh wvqùfï jdish mdßfNda.slhdg ,eìh hq;=h' 8' l,alsß" fhda.Ü" meiagÍlrKh l< lsß yd YS; l< lsß jeks lsß wdY%s; fiiq ksIAmdok

m%dfoaYSh jYfhka m%j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd úfYaIs; jHjidhl mka;shla ^uyd mßudK iud.ï yer& ìys l< hq;=h' fuys§ iykodhS fmd,S u; ,ndfok Kh ud¾.fhka Tjqka Èß.ekaúh yelsh' tfiau fï i|yd lsßf.dú iuQmldr iñ;sj, yelshdj j¾Okh lsÍuo fhda.H fõ'

16 

 

9' úhm;a fokqka yd megõ jrk fokqka kv;a;= lsÍu lsß f.dúhdg wd¾Ól jYfhka M,odhS fkdfõ' tjeks fokqka /|ùu i|yd rch u.ska /|ùfï uOHia:dk msysgqùu isÿ l< yelsh'

10' .%dóh f.dúhkaf.ka yd lsß f.dúfmd<j,ska neyer lrkq ,nk f.du fhdod.ksñka Ôj jdhqj yd ldnksl fmdfydr ksIamdokh lsÍu Èß.kajk l%ufõohla ilia l< hq;=h' tu.ska lsß f.dúhdg w;sf¾l wdodhula fyda uqo,a b;sßhla fyda ,nd.; yelsh'

11' lsß ksIamdokh i|yd rcfha m%Odk odhl;ajh ,nd fokafka i;aj ksIamdok yd fi!LH fomd¾;fïka;=jhs' thg Rcqju wh;a jkafka .j" W!re" t¿" neg¿" l=l=,a jeks lDIsld¾ñl i;=kah' tfy;a fï fomd¾;fïka;=fõ ld¾hd, /il m%Odk ld¾hh n,a,kag m%;sldr ,nd§u ù we;' uyck uqo,a wmf;a hjk fï l%uh jyd fjkia l< hq;= w;r" ojfia ´kEu fõ,djl by<u m%uqL;ajh lDIsld¾ñl i;=kag ,ndÈhhq;=h'

12' ish ld,h" Y%uh yd Okh fhdod .ksñka lsß l¾udka;h lrf.k hkq ,nk f.dùka y÷kdf.k" Tjqkag we.ehSula yd m%uqL;ajhla ,nd§ Tjqka Èßu;a lsÍuo l< hq;= fõ'

lsßf.dùkaf.a j.lSï

1' lsß f.dùka ;u m%foaYfha i;aj ixj¾Ok iyldr yd mY= ffjoH ks,OdÍka ksrka;rj weiqre l< hq;= w;r" Tjqkaf.a Wmfoia ks;r ,nd .; hq;=h' wjYH ±kqu" mqyqKqj ks;r ,nd.; hq;=h'

2' ;ukaf.a .jhskaf.a ms<sn|j wvqmdvq yd ÿ¾j,;d ks,OdÍka yg ±kaúh hq;= w;r" ;u i;=ka ms<sn|j wê ;lafiarejlg fkdt<ôh hq;=h'

3' ;ud i;= lsß fokqka ms<sn|j ffoksl jd¾;d ;nd.ekSu ms<sn|j f.dùka Wkkaÿ úh hq;=h' tys§ ;u i;=ka ms<sn|j ksjerÈ wjfndaOhla yd ;lafiarejla ,nd.ekSug yelsh' ±kg ffoksl jd¾;d ;eîu isÿjkafka m%Odk lsß f.dúfmd<j, muKs'

4' lsß ksIamdokh jeä lsÍu" ksIamdok msßjeh wvq lsÍu jeks lreKqj,§ f.dú uy;=ka i;=j hï b,lalhla;sìh hq;= w;r" tu b,lalh lrd lemùfuka <Õd úh hq;=h'

5' ;u ksIamdokh iïmQ¾Kfhkau Èhr lsß jYfhka muKla wf,ú lsÍfuka je,lS" tl;= l<

w.h (Added value)iys; ksIamdok f,i fjf<|fmd<g fhduq lsÍfuka jeä ,dNhla ,eîug f.dúhd fhduq úh hq;=h' ^Wod( Èhr lsß fkdj uqojd.;a lsß f,i fyda fhda.Ü f,i&

17 

 

lsß wdydr ms<sn| fj<| m%pdrKh yd th kshdukh lsÍu

lsß yd lsßmsá w;HjYH wdydrhlah hk u;h furfÜ ck;dj w;r we;s lr ;sfnkafka m%Odk jYfhka ckudOH Tiafia isÿlrk m%pdrKh u.sks'

lsß msá furgg wdkhkh lrkq ,nk úúO nyqcd;sl iud.ïj, m%lg m%pdrl udOHhla jkafka úúO ckudOH Tiafia fjf<| ±kaùï m<lsÍuhs' úfYaIfhkau ta yryd Tjqka b,lal lr.kafka jeäjYfhka ldka;djka yd l=vd <uqkah' fï u.ska Tjqkaf.a mrud¾: fndfydaÿrg zuj yd orejdZ hk W;=ï ixl,amh Tiafia bgqlr .ekSug yelshdj ,eî we;' fï m%pdrK udOH Tiafia ±lsh yels ±kaùï w;r my; i|yka wdldrfha ±kaùï iq,nh'

• orejkaf.a j¾Okh i|yd fhda.Hnj i|yka lrk ±kaùï furg ckudOhj, iq,Nj ±lsh yels fõ'

• orejkaf.a ksfrda.snj mj;ajd.ekSug fyda úIîcj,ska wdrlaIdùug yels wdydr j¾. yqjdolajk ±kaùï ks;r ±lsh yelsh'

• we;eï frda.dndO j<lajd.ekSu i|yd hï hï wdydr mdk Ndú;h fhda.H nj fmkajd,k ±kaùï wmg ±lsh yelsh'

• we;eï wdydr j¾. ks¾foaYlr we;af;a ms<s.;a jD;a;sl ix.ïj,sks'

• we;eï wdydr j¾. m%pdrKh i|yd ffjoH jD;a;slhka fyda fmdaIKfõ§ka f,i rÕmdk mqoa.,hka fhdod.ekSu we;eï ±kaùïj, wmg ±lsh yels lreKls'

mqj;am;a" .=jkaúÿ,sh yd rEmjdysksh hk nyqúO udOH j,ska wo mdßfNda.slhskag jvd;a ióm yd by<u n,mEula isÿlrk ckudOHh ù we;af;a rEmjdyskshhs' rEmjdyskS ±kaùïlrKh yd <uqka wdydr b,a¨u w;r iïnkaOhla we;s nj m¾fhaIKd;auljo fmkajd§ ;sfí' tneúka rEmjdyskS ;srfha we;=<;a lsßmsá ±kaùï ks;r olsk orejd b,a,d isákafka tajduh' tys m%;sM,hla jYfhka uõjrekao fndfyda úg tajd ,nd §ug W;aidy orhs' orejl=g wju jYfhka Èkm;d lsß ùÿre 3-4 ,nd§ug fm<eö isák w;r" uõjreka is;kafka iEu úgu meleÜgqfõ msgqmi i|yka jk fmdaIH mod¾: ;u orejkag ta ud¾.fhka ,efnk njh' kuq;a fuys i;Hh ;;a;aj okafka lsßmsá iud.ï muKls'

rEmjdyskS ;srfha olsk fuu ±kaùï i|yd fmkS isák orejka olsk uõjreka ks;r is;kafka wod< lsßmsá ud¾.fhka tu orejka tlS fmdaIK uÜgug ,`.d ù we;s njh' tneúka flfia fyda fuu lsßmsá orejka fj; ,nd§u uõjrekaf.a wNsm%dhhs' iud.ï mjikafka uõlsß yd iudk fmdaIK .=Kfhka hq;a lsßmsá Tjqka ksmojk njh' jdikdjlg fuka orejdg Èh hq;= fyd|u foa uõlsßh hkqfjka wfma ixialD;sfha mj;akd hym;a wdl,am ksid msálsß Bg iudk wdfoaYlhla fia jHdma; fkdùh'

tfiau uE; ld,fha§ lsß ms<sn|j we;sjQ .eg¨fõ§ wfma rfÜ ckudOH l%shdl< wdldrh ms<sn|j uola úuid ne,sh hq;=h' úúO md¾Yjj, woyia ta ieáfhkau mqj;am;aj, m<lrkq ñi wdkhksl lsßmsáj, wys;lr Ndjh ms<sn|j meyeÈ,s Rcq woyila m< fkdlrkakg ish¨u ckudOH mdfya m%fõYïldÍ úh' Bg n,mEfõ lsßmsá fjf<| ±kaùï Tiafia ;u mqj;am;aj,g ,efnk úYd, uqo,a iïNdrh úh yelsh'

wdydr iïnkaO ±kaùï iïnkaO md,kh lrk kS;s

wdydr yd iïnkaO ±kaùï ms<sn| mkjd we;s kS;s yd ksfhda. we;;a tAjd Y%s ,xldfõ flf;la ÿrg l%shd;aul jkafkao hkak iel iys;h' j¾;udk ±kaùï l,dfõ§ W,a,x>kh lrkq ,nk tjeks jeo.;a ksfhda. folla my; ±lafõ'

18 

 

• 1991 wxl 20 orK wdydr ^ixfYdaOk& mk;ska ixfYdaê; 1980 wxl 26 orK wdydr mkf;a 32 j.ka;sh hgf;a" wdydr WmfoaYl lñgqfõ Wmfoia u; fi!LH wud;Hjrhd úiska idok ,o^f,an,a lsÍfï yd m%pdrh lsÍfï& ksfhda.j, 9 j.ka;shg wkqj" lsisÿ wdydrhla .s,kqka i|yd ys;lr njg fyda ljr fyda frda.hla iqjlrk njg fyda frda.hg iykh ,nd fok njg fyda frda.h je,elaùug yelsjk njg flfrk lsisÿ m%ldYhla iDcqj fyda jl%j m%ldY lsÍu fkdl< hq;=h'

• 1980 wxl 26 orK wdydr mkf;a" ^f,an,a lsÍfï yd m%pdrh lsÍfï& ksfhda.j, 13'9'ii j.ka;shg wkqj m%Odk wdydr n,Odßhdf.a wkque;shla fkdue;sj lsishï wdydrhla iïnkaOj jk f,an,hl fyda ±kaùul th ffjoH jD;a;slhl= fyda ix.uhla úiska fyda hï jD;a;slhl= úiska ks¾foaY lr we;s nj ±lafjk jpk fkdfhÈh hq;=h' tfiau tjeks we`.ùula flfrk jpk Wml%u fyda mska;+ruh fjk;a wdldrhl lsisjla fkdfhÈh hq;=h'

flfia fj;;a fï kS;s Í;sj,ska ñ§ hñka fyda tAjd fkd;ld yßñka mdßfNda.slhd fkdu`. hjk whqßka lsß yd lsßmsá wdY%s; fjf<| ±kaùï m< lsÍfuka jvd;au uq,djg m;ajkafka ldka;djka yd l=vd <uqka nj fmks hhs' tneúka fï ms<sn|j fi!LH wud;HxYh fyda mdßfNda.sl lghq;= ms<sn| wêldßh úiska fyda ksjerÈ l%ufõohla yryd fï m%pdrj, i;H-wi;H;djh ms<sn|j ck;dj ±kqj;a lsÍfï ksrka;r ikaksfõok l%uhla yd kshdukh lsÍfï jevms<sfj,la weröu ld,Sk wjYH;djhla ù ;sfí'

±kaùïlrKh i|yd wdpdrO¾u

fjk;a kS;s ;snqKo tAjd l%shd;aul fkdjk ;;a;ajhla mej;Su yd wod< n,Odßkaf.a we;s WodiSk;ajh yuqfõ ±kaùïlrKh i|yd wdpdrO¾u moaO;shla y÷kajd§u jeo.;a nj fï lreKq wkqj meyeÈ,sh'

tfiau ±kaùïlrKfha fhfok iud.ï iajlSh iudcuh j.lSu ms<sn|j is;sh hq;=h' úfYaIfhka j¾;udk iudc ;;a;ajh yuqfõ tys jeo.;alu wmg wu;l l< fkdyel' ±kaùïlrKfha fhfok mqoa.,hskao fï iudcfha jeishkauh'

±kaùï ms<sn| wdpdrO¾u moaO;shla ;sîu wdydr iïnkaO lreKqj,§ fukau fjk;a fndfyda ksIAmdok i|yd fmdÿ jkakls'

19 

 

wdY%s; ,sms f,aLk

• w,aúia" tA'B'tka' yd ;j;a wh" 2009" Analysis Of Factors Affecting Fresh Milk Consumption Among The Mid - Country Consumers, Tropical Agriculture Research and Extension, 12:2, 101-107.

• ld¾ñl ;dlaIK wdh;kfha jd¾;dj" 2013 cq,s 26 • vQ,a" Ô'fÊ' yd mr.yjej hQ'tÉ" 2010" System-level evaluation of dicyandiamide (DCD) for improved

environmental outcomes on New Zealand dairy farms, Food Security from Sustainable Agriculture, New Zealand, 72, 67-70

• ã" tÉ' fÊ'" yd fjk;a wh" A lysimeter study of nitrate leaching from grazed grassland as affected by a nitrification inhibitor, dicyandiamide, and relationships with ammonia oxidizing bacteria and archaea, 2009, Soil Use and Management, 25: 4, msgq 454–461

• m%Odk wdydr n,Odßhdf.a ksfhda." uyck fi!LH mÍlaIljrekaf.a fjí wvúh" ^www.philk.org/Orders.htm)

• rcfha ffjoH ks,Odß ix.ufha udOH ksfõok - 2013 wf.daia;= 05" iema;eïn¾ 3 • .eiÜ ksfõok

- wxl 1646$18 - 2010 ud¾;= 24" 2010 wdydr ^lsß iy lsß ksIamdokj, wvx.= fu,uhska& ksfhda. - wxl 1376$09 - 2005 ckjdß 19" wdydr ^f,an,a lsÍfï yd m%pdrh lsÍfï& ksfhda. 2005

mqj;am;a jd¾;d • DCD ^vhsihkuhsâ& isÿùu

- ,xld§m - 2013 wf.daia;= 04 yd 09 - uõìu - 2013 uehs 21 yd22 - The Island - 2013wf.daia;= 2 - New Zealand Herald, 2013 ckjdß 25 - The Sunday Times, 2013 ckjdß 25" wf.daia;= 18 - The Daily Mirror, 2013 ckjdß 25 - The Daily News, 2013 wf.daia;= 19" iema;eïn¾ 18

• fõ fm%daàk isÿùu - ßúr - wf.daia;= 11" - ÈkñK - wf.daia;= 20"

• fu,uhska isÿùu - breÈk - 2008 fkdjeïn¾ 02 - ,xld§m - 2008 fkdjeïn¾ 07 yd 10

• fjk;a isÿùï - yß; l,dmh 36

fjì wvú

• fõ fm%daàk isÿùu - CNN fjí wvúh - 2013 wf.daia;= 5 (http://edition.cnn.com/2013/08/04/world/asia/china-

botulism-milk-powder/index.html) - The Gurdian fjí wvúh - 2013 wf.daia;= 28

(www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/28/fonterra-milk-botulism-scare-false-alarm) - BBC fjí wvúh - 2013 wf.daia; 28 (www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-23860452) - Milk food revolution against multinationals (http://www.ft.lk/2013/08/28/milk-food-revolution-against-

multinationals) • fu,uhska isÿùu

- BBC fjí wvúh - http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7720404.stm - Wikipediafjí wvúh http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Chinese_milk_scandal

• iurùr Ô'wd¾'tia'wd¾'iS yd iuka;s" fla't,a'tla"2010, Television Advertising And Food Demand Of Children In Sri Lanka: A Case Study From Galle District, ICBI 2010, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka

• mqj;a fjí wvú - frdhsg¾ mqj;a" 2013-08-05"Fonterra CEO apologizes, sees China dairy curbs lifted within days

(www.reuters.com/article/2013/08/05/us-newzealand-milk-fonterra-idUSBRE97403U20130805)

20 

 

lsßmsá ñ;Hdj" lsß wdydr iïnkaO .eg¨ yd úi÷ug u.la

2013 Tlaf;dan¾ 15

Y%S ,xld yß; jHdmdrh

9" m<uq mgqu." jkd; mdr" .xf.dvú," kqf.af.dv

www.gmsl.lk

WmfoaYl;ajh

iqrkacka fldä;=jlal=

m¾fhaIKh yd jd¾;d rpkh

ir;a kql=,iQßh OfkaIa úiqïfmreu

.hdka m%§ma úfÊ;=x.

úfYAI ia;=;sh

wu,a Wvj;a;

ffjoH veksiag¾ t,a' fmf¾rd

rkacka lreKdkdhl

yß; jHdmdrfha ld¾h uKav,h

liqka m%shxlr

uqøKh

ish;%d óähd