The Twenties Growth and Change

Canada and the World

• On New Year’s Eve, 1919, many Canadians must have felt _______________ that a new decade was about to begin.

• The previous one had been filled with troubles: the _______________ War, the _______________ Explosion, the _______________ Flu, and a wave of _______________ that started in Winnipeg.

• People hoped the 1920s would bring a fresh _______________.

• The dawning of a new decade saw a _______________ _______________ in Canadian history.

• Many of the old political leaders from the _______________ of Canada left politics, which gave way to a _______________ crop of leaders and ideas.

• Because of the war, societal norms began to _______________, and Canada took up a dominant role on the _______________ stage.

Timeline: Canada Forges a New Attitude

• _______________ - Canada becomes one of the original members of the League of Nations, formed as part of the Treaty of Versailles to prevent further wars and encourage international cooperation.

• _______________ - Canada’s new prime minister, William Lyon Mackenzie King, refuses to support Britain in a conflict with Turkey.

• He makes it clear that he wants a more _______________ foreign policy, and that Canada will no longer _______________ stand alongside Britain.

• _______________ - Canadian officials negotiate and sign the Halibut Treaty with the United States on their own.

• King _______________ to allow British officials to participate.

• _______________ - Parliament approves the use of a new flag.

• The Canadian _______________ _______________ replaces Britain’s Union Jack on government buildings outside Canada.

• _______________ - Lord Byng, the Governor General appointed by Britain, refuses to allow Prime Minister Mackenzie King to call an election when the government begins to fall.

• Instead, he appoints Conservative leader _______________ _______________ as prime minister.

• Some see this move as British _______________ in Canadian affairs.

• Meighen’s government lasts only _______________, and Canadians vote King and the Liberals back in. The incident becomes known as the _______________ -_______________ crisis.

• _______________ - King attends a conference in London, England, to discuss a report submitted by Lord Balfour, a former British prime minister.

• The Balfour Report recommends that Britain _______________ the _______________ of former British colonies such as Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.

• _______________ - The statements of the Balfour Report become law in Britain in the Statute of Westminster.

• The law establishes complete legal _______________ between the parliaments of Britain and Canada.

• This is the closest that Canada has ever come to _______________ its _______________.

What do you think?

• Choose one event from the timeline that you think was the most important in moving Canada toward independence. Justify your choice.

The Group of Seven

• The Group of Seven were a group of Canadian _______________ who attempted to show how Canada’s unique _______________ makes them _______________

• Initially their work was rejected as _______________

• But eventually it became recognized as the first _______________ Canadian style of art

• Members of the Group of Seven include: Frank Carmichael, Lawren _______________, A.Y. Jackson, Arthur Lismer, J.E.H. MacDonald, Frederick Varley

• Tom _______________ was the artist that inspired the Group

Immigration to Canada

• What are Push and Pull factors with relating to immigration?

• The countries of Europe were still struggling to _______________ from the war

• Many _______________ people from Europe were _______________ to start a new life somewhere else.

• Canada had not been _______________ affected by the war

• Its economy was _______________

• There were lots of _______________, especially in the primary industries of Canadas north

• What are primary industries?

• However, once these new immigrants _______________ in Canada they often found things to be _______________ than they expected.

• Immigrants received _______________ wages than non-immigrants, and after expenses, often walked away with next to _______________

Canada’s Immigration Policy

• The Canadian Government actively _______________ people from Britain, Western Europe and the United States to come to Canada

• However, other people were not _______________ to come

• In 1923 Canada passed the _______________ _______________ Act.

• This act _______________ all new Chinese Immigration to Canada

• This included _______________ or _______________ of Chinese Canadians _______________ in Canada

• In 1928 another law limited _______________ immigration to _______________ people per year

An Urban Way of Life

• As steam and gasoline powered _______________ machinery slowly replaced much of _______________ labour required on farms, _______________ work was available in rural areas

• Young people had to move to _______________ and _______________ to find jobs

• Between _______________ and _______________, Canada’s population gradually shifted from being mostly _______________ to being mostly _______________.

• This process is called _______________

Education

• Education changed with the _______________ in towns and cities

• In the 1800s, _______________ years of education was considered enough.

• Why?

• By the 1920s about 1/3 of students went to _______________ _______________ for two or more years

• The amount of school varied based on _______________ to the school, social _______________ and _______________

• Many schools had separate _______________ for boys and girls

• Boys educations was directed towards _______________ and _______________

• Girls education was directed towards _______________ work and _______________ care

• During the 1920s jobs were _______________ for men

• After 1918, most women either _______________ up their jobs, or were _______________ off

• Job opportunities for women were _______________

• For most urban women, a paid job was a _______________ stage in life between _______________ and _______________

• Most worked _______________ the home for only about 8 years

Year Number of Immigrants

Year Number of immigrants

1920 19251921 19261922 19271923 19281924 1929

Consumerism

• In _______________ the power of Niagara Falls was first used to create _______________ in Ontario creating _______________ electricity that was available in the home.

• This lead to the development of many labour-saving _______________ and new _______________ products

• Electric _______________, toasters, _______________ cleaners, and _______________ machines became common

• _______________ and phonographs provided home entertainment for the entire family

• Buying on _______________ also became very popular

• Owning a _______________ in the 1920s was a real _______________ symbol

• By 1926 new _______________ techniques brought the price of a new car down to where almost _______________ of all Canadian families could afford one.

• This created new jobs like _______________ attendants, mechanics, and travel and tourism

Sports

• The new urban lifestyle of the 1920s created more _______________ time for Canadians

• The _______________, Major League Baseball, Professional Football, and the _______________ became popular forms of entertainment

• Internationally Canada’s athletes had great success, creating what is known as Canada’s _______________ _______________ of sport.

Women in Politics

• Hopes were high for political _______________ in 1920

• _____ women ran for office in the 1921 election, the _______________ election after women received the right to vote

• _______________ _______________ was the only woman elected to parliament in the 1920s

• She worked for minimum _______________, social benefits, _______________ reform, and _______________ for women

The Persons Case

• In the 1920s Canadas laws were based on the _______________ _______________ _______________ act of 1867

• The Act stated that only “fit and qualified _______________” could be appointed to public positions, such as the Canadian _______________

• A group of women from Alberta, nicknamed the _______________ _______________, argued that “persons” _______________ women

• The group was _______________ _______________, Emily Murphy, Henrietta Muir Edwards, Louis McKinney and Irene Parlby

• The Supreme Court of Canada ruled that historically this was _______________ the case and therefore women were not “_______________”

• The women then took their argument to the _______________ _______________ in England

• In 1929, the Privy Council ruled that women _______________ persons and could therefore hold _______________ office

• _______________ _______________ was appointed as Canada’s first female _______________