MRS. C. MORGAN, GRADE 9 ENGLISH

Non-Fiction Reading

Reading Personal Essays

An essay is a short work that deals with one topic. Essays are often classified as formal or informal. It is highly structured. The author follows a clear, logical plan. A formal essay deals with a serious topic. An informal essay is not as tightly structured. It addresses a less serious topic and provides insight into the personality of the writer.

A personal essay is informal and may deal with any subject.

How To Read A Personal Essay

Three questions to ask yourself are:A.Set The Purpose:1.What is the subject of the essay?2.What does the writer say about the subject?3.How do I feel about what the writer says?

B. Preview:This is the first part of reading that will help

you to answer these questions.

Preview Checklist

Scan over the personal essay “The Indian Dog” and answer these questions:

What is the title? “The Indian Dog”.Who is the author? N. Scott MomadayAre there any words in boldface or italics?If so,

what are they? Cavaet EmptorAre there any repeated words or phrases?Indian Dog

Preview Checklist

C. Plan When you have finished this preview, make a

reading plan. Here is one strategy, make an OUTLINE. An outline will help you to focus on what information is important and how it is useful or related to the main idea and subject or message of the writing. This will also help you to process information.

Sample Outline

I. Introduction – ( the writer’s recollection )A. Introductory Detail –

Establishes the time and place of the story.B. Introductory Detail –

Describes the dog he buys. C. Introductory Detail –

Describes Indian dogs in general. II. Body – ( the writer’s recollection )

A. DetailDescribes dog

B. DetailTakes dog home.

C. Detail Finds the dog has run away

Sample Outline

III. Conclusion – A.) Main Idea

B.) Explanation of Main Idea –

C.) Explanation of Main Idea -

“A Small Crime”

Read the essay, “A Small Crime”. Answer the questions on the back of the sheet. In your Writer’s Journal, write a response to

the essay. Use the attached outline and break the essay

down into its Introduction, Body and Conclusion.

Submit the answers to your questions and the outline.

Biographies

A good biographer has two goals in mind when writing a biography. They are:

A.To tell an interesting story.B.To create a “portrait” or a “picture” of the

person so that the reader can understand what they were really like.

When reading a biography, you must have a purpose in mind.

A.Tell what kind of life they had.B.Tell what they were really like.

Organization of Biography

Many biographies are written in chronological order.

This biography is told in chronological order.

The opening paragraph included details about time:

Some are: ____________________________

The opening paragraph included details about place. Some are: __________________________

Graphic Biography - Martin Luther King

Read the Graphic Biography of Martin Luther King and complete the readings booklet.

Watch the trailer for Mississippi Burning.Mississippi Burning - YouTube

Listen to the song “Rosa Parks” by the Neville Brothers. Neville Brothers - Sister Rosa – YouTube

Watch the trailer for the film The Help. The Help Trailer 2011 -- Starring Emma Stone [HD] -

YouTube

Read the poem “Ballad of Birmingham”.

Reading and Writing Speeches

Most of the time you listen to speeches, but sometimes you may need to read one. You may have to read a speech, give one, or do a dramatic reading. Other times, you may want to read an interesting political speech that has been published in a newspaper.

Before ReadingReading a speech is like reading any piece of

writing. Your job as a reader is to ask yourself the following:

Speeches

1. What is the subject?2. What is the speaker’s purpose?3. How do I feel about what they have to say?Most speakers have one or two purposes in mind

when they give a speech: to inform or to persuade. The purpose of an informative speech is to explain something. The purpose of a persuasive speech is to convince the audience to adopt the viewpoint of the speaker. There are some common characteristics of each type of speech.

SpeechesSpeeches

Informative: Purpose Is to

Inform/Explain

Informative: Purpose Is to

Inform/Explain

Persuasive:Purpose is to

persuade

Persuasive:Purpose is to

persuade

Characteristics

Characteristics

Characteristics

Characteristics

Parallelism

HumorHumor

Technical

Language

Technical

Language

Propaganda

Propaganda

Memorable Lines

Research Findings

QuotationsQuotations

Emotional

Appeal

Emotional

Appeal

Repetition

JargonJargon

Reading A Speech

Here is a four step plan to focusing on a speech:

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4

Figure out the occasion of the purpose of the speech.

Understand the organization.

Find out the speaker’s main idea or viewpoint and support for that idea or viewpoint.

Evaluate the speech.

Reading Speeches

PreviewingPreviewing can help you find the occasion for the

speech. Previewing can also give you important information about the organization of the speech, the speaker’s main idea or viewpoint and the support for the main idea or viewpoint.

Most published speeches include some background information about the speaker and the historical significance of the speech. Pay careful attention to this information.

Preview Checklist

The Title Is:

“Blood, Toil, Tears and Sweat” Winston Churchill The Topic Is:War Speech The Context Is ( Time, Place and Audience ):May 13, 1940 – 3 days after winning an election. Main Idea(s) In The Introduction: Strengthen British resolve to win the war. Main Idea(s) In The Conclusion:Let us go together. Any repeated words and phrases:

Victoria and AlbertVictoria married Prince Albert of Saxbourg, a cousin from Germany.

He loved the arts, was intelligient and devoted to his wife.

On February 10, 1840 they married.

The House of Hanover/Winsor

Victoria And

Albert

VictoriaAdelaide

Mary Louiseb. 1840m

Albert Edward

King EdwardVII

b. 1841

AliceMaudMary

HelenaAugusta

Alfred ErnestAlbert

LouiseCarolineAlberta

Arthur WilliamPatrick

LeopoldGeorgeDuncan

BeatriceMary

Victoria

m. Emperor of

GermanyFrederick III

Daughter – Sophie,

Queen of Greece

m. Princess

Alexandra

Denmark

Son – KingGeorge V

m. Prince Ludwig of

Hesse

Daughter – AlexandriaTsarina of

Russia

m. PrincessAlexandra

Of Denmark

m. Grand Duchess Marie

( daughter of Tsar

Alexander )

m. Marquis of

Lorne

m. Luise Margarete of

Prussia

Princess Helena

Frederica of Waldex

Prince Henry of

Battenburg

DaughterVictoria EugenieQueen of

Spain

Son – Kaiser

Wihelm II

Daughter-Queen ofRomania

Daughter – Crown

Princess of Sweden

The children of Queen Victoria and Albert went on to become crowned monarchs of the following countries – • Germany

• Russia

• Greece

• Spain

Tsarina Alexandra

Sophie, Queen of Greece

Victoria, Queen of Spain Marie of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha,

Queen of Romania

Kaiser Wihelm II, Germany

A Royal Legacy…

“Blood, Toil, Tears and Sweat”

“To wage war...”

“Victory...”

“No survival...”

In essence, Winston Churchill implored the people to be prepared for war, to push for victory, for without victory there would be no survival.

Reading Speeches Continued

Step 1 – Look At The Occasion or Purpose of the Speech

Before you being your careful reading, choose a reading strategy.

Step 2 – Understand The OrganizationThe standard way to organize a speech is to

divide it into an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. The speaker usually explains the purpose of his/her

speech in their introduction and offers the main

idea or viewpoint and support in the body of the

speech. In the conclusion, the speaker restates the

purpose or calls for action.

One way of identifying the three parts of the speech is to make an outline:

Non Fiction Organizer

Title – “Blood, Toil, Tears and Sweat” by Winston ChurchillSubject – England at war against Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany in 1940’s.

Introduction – “.... Says the battle is just beginning.” “.... Apologizes for informality of how he is addressing the House of Commons and the people...” “...Stresses the importance of the situation.”

Body – “Talks about long struggle ahead – long months of suffering.” “What is the policy? To wage war. “What is the aim/goal? Victory “States that without victory there will be no survival.”

Conclusion – “Calls upon the whole nation to join with him and go to war.”

Previewing Speeches

Step 3 – Fine Out The Viewpoint and Support

Knowing how the speech is organized can make it easier to figure out the speaker’s viewpoint and support. Sometimes a speaker will state their viewpoint directly. More often, however, it is implied.

Common Types of Support

First hand experience.Research ResultsAppeals to EmotionsComparison and contrastsOpinions of ExpertsLogical Reasoning. Appealing to an audience’s emotions is a common

technique. Good speakers know if they can make the audience feel sad, angry or enthusiastic, they can persuade the audience to take action.

“I Have A Dream” Martin Luther King

On August 28, 1963, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered this speech in Washington, DC.

Graphic Organizer

Sensual Imagery

Figurative Language

Emotion and Idea

Sound Devices

Formal Devices

Sensual Imagery

A. Visual - something you can see. B. Auditory – something you can hear. C. Olfactory – something you can smell.D. Gustatory – something you can taste. E. Tactile – something you can feel.

Figurative Language: FLAMPSHA

A. Simile – “like” or “as”.” B. Metaphor – comparing without “like” or

as”.C. Personification – giving human quality

to something not human. D. Hyperbole – exaggeration. E. Apostrophe – F. Allusion -

Sound Devices - SORAD

Onomatopeia – when a word makes the sound it is describing.

Alliteration – repetition of the initial consonant sound in a word.

Repetition – using a word or phrase over and over.

Formal Devices

Stanza Form Diction Patterns of Rhythm and Rhyme.

“The Ballad of Birmingham”

Highlight in yellow the 5ws of the piece. Highlight in green any repeated words. Highlight in pink any references to violence.Highlight in orange any references to

peace/religion.

“I Have A Dream...” Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

Listen to the audio recording of the speech. Put a small star beside any line you felt was

quite memorable. Underline in pencil any word for which you

do not know the meaning.Using the Handout – “Reading ‘I Have A

Dream”, analyze the speech.

Reading Guide

Each student must have five different colored high-lighters, a red pen, a blue pen and a pencil.

Use the following code to direct your reading:

Repeated words Unknown words

Historical References Key Ideas (on side)

Light and Dark Imagery Favorite Lines

References to other literature

Review the notes made in the margin of the piece.Review the notes made in the margin of the piece.

After reviewing the notes, write a summary of the speech.

The summary should start with an introductory sentence.

It should include 5 supporting details.

It should conclude with a concluding statement.

Write A Summary of Dr. King’s Message

ORC/Body Paragraph Format

Introductory sentence.

O – opinionR – reference Three per body

paragrah

C - comment

• Concluding Statement

Sample Summary

Perhaps the greatest speech given in American History was that of Dr. Martin Luther King on August 28, 1963. In his address in Washington, DC to hundreds of thousands of people, he urged all of America to join in the Civil Rights Movement which would give equality to all people of America – black and white. In his speech King reminded his audience that it had been 100 years since Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation, and “still the Negro was not free.” He compared the Declaration of Independence to a cheque – a cheque that would give his people “upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice”. He said he believed that up until that moment this cheque had been coming back marked “insufficient funds”. He also said, however, that he did not believe that “the bank of justice is bankrupt”. Dr. King believed there was no more time to wait for equal rights. He believed that “nineteen-sixty-three was not an end but a beginning”, and he worried that if change did not occur, a revolt may happen. He warned his people, however, not to engage in acts of violence but to meet “physical force with soul force”. He advised that the Blacks of America were not alone, that many white people supported this effort. He

Summary Con’t.

said he knew of the great suffering faced by so many of his own people during Civil Rights Riots in the United States, but he suggested that the destiny of the people of the United States was a united destiny – blacks and whites together. He concluded his speech by talking about the dream he had for America. A dream in which the United States will live out their motto – that all men are created equal and one day they will treat each other with respect. He dreamed of a day where his “four little children will one day live in a country where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character.” Dr. King’s speech has had a lasting impact on the United States leading ultimately to the fulfillment of his dream when Barack Obama was elected as the first African American President of the United States.

An Acceptance Speech

Al MacInnis – Hockey Hall of Fame, 2007

• The Title Is: ___Acceptance Speech – Hockey Hall of Fame_

• The Topic Is: ___Al MacInnis Reflects On Hockey Career________

• The Context Is ( Time, Place and Audience ):____Hockey Hall of Fame, Induction Ceremony, Nov. 12, 2007 – Family, Friends, Colleagues, Fans _

• Main Idea(s) In The Introduction: __In his opening he acknowledges the others that were nominated and honored he was to have been inducted.____

• Main Idea(s) In The Conclusion: ___He acknowledged the people of Nova Scotia and how they supported him in his career_____

Body of The Essay –Hockey Career – Beginning to End – Chronological Order

First Supporting Detail: References to family and friends at home in Port Hood and Minor Hockey•____reference to his parents – Alex and Anna Mae MacInnis___________•____references to Albert MacDonald – local rink operator_______________•____references to Don MacIsaac – midget hockey coach, moved him from forward to defence.___

Second Supporting Detail: References to his Junior Hockey Career in Regina and Kitchener. •____reference to his teammates/roommates in Regina – Barry Trotz and Garth Butcher_____•____references to his teammates/roomates in Kitchener – Mike Eagles and Wendall Young ___•____references to how hard it was to be so far from home at age 16.___

Third Supporting Detail: References to his NHL Hockey Career in Calgary •____reference to his agent – Don Meehan ___________•____references to his owner/general manager – Harry Hotchkiss ___•____references to roommate – Gary Suter___•____references to team captain – Lanny MacDonald __

Fourth Supporting Detail: References to his NHL Hockey Career in St. Louis •____reference to the Chairman of the Blues – Mike Shanahan, Jr. __•____references to his general manager – Ron Caron ___•____references to new owner – Dave Checketts• ___ references to Larry Pleau and his wife, Wendy___

Fifth Supporting Detail: References to his Family – Distant and Immediate•____references to extended family. ___•____references to his children – Carson, Ryan, Lauren and Riley. __• ___ references to his wife Jackie ____

Conclusion – Full Circle – back to family, friends and home

Summary of Main Idea: ___references to his family, friends, relatives, classmates, neighbours. References to being only Nova Scotian in Hockey Hall of Fame ___

Explanation of Main Idea:____Explains how he feels about this honour. ____

Clincher ( if present ): To the people of Nova Scotia...My place in this Hall is your place as well.

How does the speaker feel about his topic?He is proud, humble, and honoured. He is grateful for the support he had along the way. What outside support did the author use?NoneHow do you feel about this topic? Individual

Eulogy for Princess Diana

Princess Diana's Funeral Part 17: Earl Spencer's Tribute - YouTube

Terminology

Eulogy – a tribute given to a person at their funeral often praising them.

1. Princess Diana’s Eulogy2. Senator Edward M. Kennedy

Elegy – is a lament or a poem of praise.

1.“Good-Bye England’s Rose” Elton John/Bernie Taupin

Eulogy for Senator Edward Kennedy

Listen/View the audio/video of the Eulogy.

http://video.nytimes.com/video/2009/08/29/us/politics/1247464293400/ted-kennedy-jr-s-remembrance.html

Eulogy For Princess Diana

Read/listen to audio/video recording of Princess Diana’s Funeral.

Complete outline of Eulogy.Listen to Elton John’s Song – “Good Bye,

England’s Rose”.Complete Poetry Graphic Organizer

Colleen Morgan – Teacher’s Institute On Parliamentary Democracy

My Claim To Fame

http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Sites/LOP/Education/TeachersInstitute/index.asp?Language=E&param=Morgan

Speech Writing Activity You are to choose one of the following four assignments. Your task is to prepare a 3 - 5

minutes speech on one of these topics. Your speech must have a clear introduction, a well developed body and an appropriate conclusion. You must be prepared to present this speech in class.

Option #1 - Examine an obituary from a newspaper/reflect on the Eulogies we have studied. Note how the person's family is named, their accomplished listed and significant aspects of their life mentioned. Your task is to write an obituary to a favourite item - a pair of

sneakers, your pillow, you pencil, etc. and then present it to the class in the form of a eulogy.

Option #2 - Pretend that you have been asked to propose a toast to your best friend at their wedding. Examine similar speeches and include amusing anecdotes that

would be appropriate for this setting as well as any personal accomplishments or talents of the individual you are toasting.

Option #3 - Pretend that you have been asked to introduce a person you admire as a guest speaker at a fictitious function. Be sure to list their accomplishments,

talents, awards, etc.

Option #4 - Other - if there is an issue that you feel particularly passionate about you may prepare a speech on it. Remember, however, your introduction must introduce your viewpoint on the subject, the body your support and the conclusion to idea you want to leave with your audience.

Organization of Biography

Many biographies are written in chronological order.

This biography is told in chronological order.

The opening paragraph included details about time:

Some are: ____________________________

The opening paragraph included details about place. Some are: __________________________

English Review – Non Fiction

Selections – “The Indian Dog” “Maxine Tynes”“A Small Crime” “Portia White”“The School Yard Bully” “Sister Rosa”“Weird Richard” “Ballad of Birm-“Dr. King – Graphic Novel Reading” ingham”“I Have A Dream”“Mattie Mitchell”“Thomas Hall”

Non Fiction Review

Terminology -

Newspaper Unit

What Is News?All news starts as local news first. A reporter puts

the story together. In some newspapers a reporter is assigned a beat. A beat is one area of “speciality”.

I.An Event II.The Newspaper Learns About It –

I. Investigation – a tip from an outside source.II. Reporter – write an article – 5w’s.III. Informant – public relations officer

- news leak - casual conversation

What Is News?

IV. News Service – AP, Canadian Press, Reuters ( these are cooperative services where a reporter

can post their story and have it picked up by another newspaper for publication ).

IV. Editor – they decide what story will be printed and where – first page, last page. They are assigned to different sections – Living, Classified, Sports, etc.

V. Publisher – they are responsible for the total operation of a newspaper. They must check for slander and/or libel.

Hard News

Headlines – are very important because they advertise the story, grab the reader’s interest away from the other articles, and act as a summary of the article.

First Page of the Newspaper – last to be printed.

Section Pages – news stories of reasonable importance and high readership value are usually placed on front page of each section.

Inside Pages – pgs. 2, 3, and 4 of the first section contain important news.

Hard News C’ont.

Fillers – usually humorous anecdotes or statistical facts are used on some pages to fill columns.

Lead Paragraphs - very important to news stories. They summarize the story by answering the 5w’s. The lead is the opening line of the article.

Layout of First Page

Rain Doesn’t Stop A Good Run

Banner

Banner Headline

Cut – the picture on the page

Cutline – Line of explanation on page

Editorials

The editorial page acts as the voice of the paper.

There are several different types of editorials:

Explanatory – explains something. Humorous – makes fun of something. Laudatory – congratulates/applauds something. Interpretive – interprets something Critical – criticizes something.

Common Propaganda Techniques

Appeal To Ignorance – suggesting that if no one has ever proved a claim to be true then it must false.

Either/Or – analyzing a complex situation as if it only has two sides.

Bandwagon Appeal – if everyone does it or believes it, it must be good or right.

Loaded Words – using emotionally charged words that will produce strong positive or negative results.

Broad Generalizations – make a broad statement that something is true about a group of people.

Red Herring – changing the topic to distract you from the real argument.

Editorial – Political Cartoon

I’m Going To Play –

I’m – identify what is in the picture

Going – what is going on in the picture

Play – what is joke? What is the sarcastic comment?

Political Cartoons provide a satirical look at some prominent personality or current issue.

Editorial

Journalistic Integrity –

Human Rights Violation

Letters To The Editor

Readers have an opportunity to express an opinion in the daily “Letters To The Editor” section.

They are generally – brief, signed letters of general and timely interest.

Libellous statements are deleted or changed for the protection of the editors as well as the newspaper because libel is a criminal offence.

Special Features/News

Sports – News In The Sporting World Editorials/Commentaries Statistics Advance Publicity Stories Daily Schedule of Events

Business – News In The Business World Business Personalities Stock Quotes Professional Career Opportunities

Special Features

Arts and Life – Reviews of movies, plays, concerts, restaurants, etc. Coming events. Television Schedules Movie Listings Articles on Celebrities. Ann Landers/Advice Columns Comics/Cartoons Puzzles