mr. thilak de silva. bsc. eng., msc, ceng, fie(sl), fiet(uk), citp(uk), mbcs(uk), mieee (usa) m.sc....
TRANSCRIPT
Procurement Process in NetworkingLecture o8
Advanced Computer Networks (ACN) 545
Mr. Thilak de Silva.BSc. Eng., MSc, CEng, FIE(SL), FIET(UK), CITP(UK), MBCS(UK), MIEEE (USA)
M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012
Today's Agenda
Expenditure Beget Tender Document / Bidding
Document Request for proposal – RFP Stakeholders of Procurement Process Contents of Tender Document Calling for Tender Document Contract Document
M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012
Session Outcomes
At the end of this session you will understand about the entire Procurement Process of an organization and about related artifacts such as Tender document, Request for Proposals, Contract document etc.
M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012
Networks
PSTN – VoiceMobile - Public networks▪ 1G – Voice▪2G-Voice,data▪3G-Data
Data – Private Networks M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II -
2012
Common Feature of Networks
CPE – Customer Premises EquipmentThis located in between customer premises and Service provider premises.
Terminal Equipment is connected to this.This is the interface between user equipment and network
Operates at layer 1 (Physical layer) of ISO/OSI model.
M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012
Common Feature of Networks
CPE is connected to the core network via a Access Node/Access Gateway.
Many users connects to it.
M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012
Common Feature of Networks – Access Gateway FUnctions
Switching Circuit switching Packet Switching
Aggregation Combining many users Multiplexing is a kind of aggregation
M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012
Common Feature of Networks – Circuit Switching
Involve in Voice communicationsIS a Real Time connectionRequires a dedicated connection.
Circuit switching has two variations▪Space switching▪Time switching
M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012
Common Feature of Networks – Circuit Switching
For PSNT network Access gateway is the telephone exchange.
M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012
Common Feature of Networks – Terminal Equipment (TE)
TE is the telephone.Converts the voice signal in to an analog signal
M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012
Common Feature of Networks – Terminal Equipment (TE)
This signal can be input to the telephone exchange directly as it is.
There for in PSTN we do not need to have a CPE.
Telephone is not a passive device. The required power is fed by the telephone exchange.
M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012
Common Feature of Networks – Terminal Equipment (TE) to Exchange
This is a fixed wired connection and it is costly.
M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012
Common Feature of Networks – Between exchangesHere we have logical dedicated
connections between exchanges.Generally TDM is used.A single time slot is allocated for each
user.This time slot is dedicated until the
connection is over.This dedication is temporal and
allocated in need only.This is known as switching.
M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012
Exchange
Switching Establish the Link Exchange Information between
endpoints Monitor until conversation is over. Keep track of Accounting information. User authentication is not done here.
The exchange assumes that the copper loop is connected to the legitimate user
M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012
Exchange
Different types of facilities are provided by the exchange.
Eg: Call conferencing, call forwarding
All customers will not get all the services. Exchange will check what are the authorizes servicers for a particular user before giving any services. This is known as Authorization and is done in the exchange.
M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012
Exchange
The basic information like customer details, customer telephone number, authorized services etc. are stored in a separate database by the exchange.
Accounting information are kept I the hard disk.
Analog to Digital conversion is done in the telephone exchange and vice versa.
M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012
Exchange – A call
Monitor whether a user needs a service. (off hook)
Then exchange should inform that it is ready to provide the service. (Dial tone)
The requirement to make available the service is to find a free register or memory for the user. This is needed to store the dialed numbers.
M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012
Exchange – A call
The user will dial the number. It is a signal.
The exchange will analyze the number and find out the destination.
The exchange finds a free time slot between two exchanges and allocate it to user.
The exchange will send the destination number to the other exchange.
M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012
Exchange – A call
If the destination user is not busy the ringing tone is sent to the user and ring back tone is sent to the originating exchange.
The destination user off hook the telephone.
The destination exchange send information to the originating exchange. (connection established). This indication is called the answer signal.
M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012
Exchange – A call
Then the originating exchange starts billing.
Once the connection is over, either side will off hook the telephone and that exchange will send a signal to the other exchange indicating that the call is over.
The originating exchange records the start time and the end time of the call.
M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012
Exchange – A call
The originating exchange will keep A number (originating number), B number (destination number),start time and end time as a record for each call. This is known as CDR – Call Data Record.
M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012
PSTN Signalling
IN PSTN signaling plays an important role. There are two main types of signals.
Addressing signals Supervisory Signals IN addition to switching exchange
is responsible in handling some signaling functions too.
M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012
Thank You…
M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012