mr shaun wallace

5/18/2018 Mr Shaun Wallace

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Case No: 201304402 B1, 201301935 B1

Neutral Citation Number: [2015] EWCA Crim 1185

IN THE COURT OF APPEAL (CRIMINAL DIVISION)

ON APPEAL FROM

HHJ John Plumstea! St" Al#ans C$o%n Cou$t

o!al Courts o" #usti$e

%tran&, 'on&on, WC2A 2''

(ate: 09)0*)2015

&e'o$e

LAD JUSTICE HALLETT D&E

V*+e P$es*ent o' the Cou$t o' A,,eal C$*m*nal D*-*s*on

MR JUSTICE HADDON.CAVE

an&

MRS JUSTICE PATTERSON D&E+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

&et%een

JAMIE M+CARTH A,,ellant

. an .

RE/INA Res,onent

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

M$ Al* 0C an M$ R*mme$aear ri-atel! instru$te& un&er t.e (ire$t /ubli$ A$$ess

/ro$e&ure "or t.e A,,ellant

M$ S He,tonstall reresentin t.e C$o%n P$ose+ut*on Se$-*+e "or t.e Res,onent

earin &ates: 3 an& 4 #une 2015

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

#u&men


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tLa1 Just*+e Hallett

Background

1. .is is an unusual $ase in t.at t.e ali$ant lea&e& uilt! to t.e o""en$es $.are&

aainst .im, !et t.e "ull $ourt .as been in-ite& to .ear an aeal aainst bot.$on-i$tion an& senten$e an& to re$ei-e e-i&en$e "rom a number o" itnesses6

2. .e ali$ant initiall! lea&e& not uilt! to o""en$es o" oun&in it. intent to $ause

rie-ous bo&il! .arm $ontrar! to se$tion 18 o" t.e 7""en$es Aainst t.e /erson A$t

181 se$tion 18 o""en$e an& ossession o" an o""ensi-e eaon at a lea an& $ase

manaement .earin /C; on 9 #ul! 20126 7n t.e "irst &a! o" trial, 18 n&i$tment in rese$t o" t.e $o+a$$use&, .is mot.er, an& t.e rose$ution

in&i$ate& t.at a lea to t.at $ount b! .er oul& be a$$etable6

3. 7n 15 ;ar$. 2013 66#6 /lumstea& senten$e& t.e ali$ant to a total o" 9 !earsimrisonment: 9 !ears on t.e oun&in o""en$e an& 2 !ears $on$urrent on t.e eaon

o""en$e6 .e $o+a$$use& as senten$e& to 18 mont.s imrisonment "or a""ra!6

4. .e ali$ant as reresente& t.rou.out b! (arr!l >nram soli$itors6 Aart "rom

instru$tin $ounsel ;r %.aun Walla$e, ta?in a roo" o" e-i&en$e an& re$or&in

$omments on t.e rose$ution itness statements "rom t.e ali$ant, t.e! &o not seem

to .a-e la!e& mu$. o" a art6 .e! $laim t.at t.e terms o" t.eir leal ai& $erti"i$ate

&i& not ermit t.em to atten& an! Cron Court .earins6 >" true, t.is is most

un"ortunate, "or reasons .i$. ill be$ome aarent6

5. .e ali$ations "or e@tensions o" time an& lea-e to aeal senten$e .a-e beenre"erre& to t.e


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$on$lu&e& it. .er sa!in t.at t.e oli$e nee&e& to arrest As.er as soon as ossible

be$ause i" .er .usban& ot .ol& o" .im t.ere oul& be trouble6

9. About an .our later t.e $omlainant arri-e& in .er $ar outsi&e t.e .ouse o" a "rien&6 >n

t.e ba$? o" t.e $ar ere to !oun $.il&ren, % ae& * an& a $.il& o" t.ree6 .e

$omlainant sa ra$e! ;$Cart.! ?no$? on t.e &oor o" .er "rien&s .ouse an&,.a-in .ear& .at as sai&, oun& &on t.e in&o an& as?e&: Are !ou loo?in

"or meD

10. %.e $laims t.at ;rs ;$Cart.! ran o-er to t.e $ar, it. t.e ali$ant, s.outin

W.eres As.erD et out o" t.e "u$?in $ar6 %.e leant in t.rou. t.e assener

in&o an& $alle& t.e $omlainant a $unt6 At t.e same time t.e ali$ant as

stan&in be.in& .er an& t.reatenin to ?ill As.er6

11. .e ali$ant us.e& .is a! to t.e "ront o" t.e $ar an& lune& t.rou. t.e in&o6

.e $omlainant "elt an imme&iate s.ar ain un&erneat. .er arm6 %.e loo?e& u an&

sa t.e ali$ant ull ba$? .is .an&6 e as .ol&in a ?it$.en ?ni"e it. a tel-ein$. bla&e6 %.e s.oute& out t.at s.e .a& been stabbe&6 A nei.bour sa bot. t.e

ali$ant an& .is mot.er et into t.eir $ar6 .e ali$ant as anr!F .e as s.outin

an& a-in a ?ni"e aroun& in a stabbin motion sa!in, ou "u$?in tell As.er t.at

.es &ea&6 .e $ar &ro-e o""6 /oli$e an& ambulan$e atten&e& at 12:306 A ?ni"e as

"oun& some &istan$e "rom t.e s$ene but it as not establis.e& .et.er or not t.is as

t.e ?ni"e use& in t.e assault6

12. .e $omlainant re$ei-e& in=uries t.at ere &es$ribe& b! &o$tors as suer"i$ial: to

la$erations 1 G $m lon an& 3 $m lon6 .e oun&s be$ame in"e$te& but ere treate&it. antibioti$s an& .eale& a"ter ele-en &a!s6 .e s!$.oloi$al $onseHuen$es ere

sai& to be more se-ere bot. "or t.e $omlainant an& "or %6

13. At 14:30 t.e $o+a$$use& ran t.e oli$e an& tol& an o""i$er .o ?ne about t.e

in$i&ent: >ts all one ron6 %.e as?e&: W.ere s.all > brin .imD We nee& to et

out o" Bore.amoo&6 >t as aree& t.at mot.er an& son oul& atten& at at"iel&

oli$e station6 >n e@ressin $on$ern "or t.e $omlainants el"are ;rs ;$Cart.!

sai&, > &i&nt ?no .e& o t.is "ar6 Bot. s.e an& .er son atten&e& t.e oli$e station

at 1*:30 t.at &a!6

Defence case

14. .e roose& &e"en$e $ase, until t.e $.ane o" lea, as t.at t.e $omlainant

ro&u$e& t.e ?ni"e an& t.e ali$ant a$te& in rote$tion o" .is mot.er6 (urin t.e

ensuin strule .e as able to &isarm t.e $omlainant6 %.e must .a-e re$ei-e& .er

in=uries as .e &i& so6

15. .e ali$ant sine& a (e"en$e %tatement on 1 #ul! 2012 an& reare& an unsine&

/roo" o" E-i&en$e &ate& 4 #ul! in .i$. .e set out .is &e"en$e6 ;r Walla$e .a& "our

or "i-e re+trial $on"eren$es it. t.e ali$ant at t.e ee?en& at t.e .ome o" t.e

ali$ants ran&mot.er to .i$. .e as baile&6 Counsel atten&e& $asuall! &resse&

an& it.out in"ormin .is instru$tin soli$itors6 No notes ere ta?en an& no a&-i$es


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on e-i&en$e submitte& to soli$itors as a result o" t.e $on"eren$es6 e also $on&u$te&

re+$onstru$tions o" t.e in$i&ent it.out .is soli$itors bein resent6

The morning of the trial

16. .e ali$ant an& .is itnesses arri-e& earl! at $ourt "or a 11600 .earin, as ;r

Walla$e .a& a&-ise& t.em to &o6 oe-er, t.e! all $omlain t.at ;r Walla$e .imsel"

arri-e& onl! minutes be"ore t.e .earin as &ue to start6 e &enies t.at an& insists .e

arri-e& in amle time6 W.ate-er time .e arri-e&, it is $lear t.at t.e =u&e a$$e&e& to

&e"en$e reHuests to &ela! $allin t.e $ase on until e-er!one as rea&!6

17. As to .at .aene& ne@t e .a-e .ear& t.e e-i&en$e o" t.e ali$ant, .is mot.er, .is

aunt Iaren As.ton, .is ran&"at.er Ce$il As.ton an& "amil! "rien& ra$! &e eer6 We

.ear& t.e e-i&en$e o" ;r Walla$e6 %ome.at surrisinl! no one sou.t to $all ;s

;anle! .o reresente& t.e $o+a$$use&, but no+one ob=e$te& to our re$ei-in .era&-i$e to .er instru$tin soli$itor e@lainin .at .aene& at trial6

Ms Manleys note

18. ;s ;anle!s note is &ate& 22 n it, s.e e@laine& t.at $ounsel "or t.e

rose$ution aroa$.e& &e"en$e $ounsel6 e in&i$ate& .e oul& be unli?el! to re&u$e

t.e $.are "or t.e ali$ant but oul& a&-ise t.e Cron /rose$ution %er-i$e t.at, i"

t.e ali$ant lea&e& uilt! to t.e se$tion 18 o""en$e, t.e! s.oul& a$$et a lea to

a""ra! "rom .is mot.er6

19.A =oint $on"eren$e as t.en .el&F resent ere t.e a$$use&, t.eir $ounsel an&members o" t.e "amil!6 .ere ere about tel-e eole in a small room6 >t as

t.ou.t at t.e time t.at a =oint $on"eren$e as ossible be$ause t.ere as no $on"li$t

beteen t.e arties6 Wit. t.e bene"it o" .in&si.t, t.at as unise i-en t.e "ate o"

one &e"en&ant mi.t &een& on t.e a$tions o" anot.er6

20. ;s ;anle! state& ;r Walla$e e@laine& in some &etail an& at lent. t.e state o" t.e

e-i&en$e in t.e $ase6 J6> aree& it. .is ob=e$ti-e anal!sis o" t.e $ase6 J6 At all

times ;r Walla$e em.asise& t.at an! &e$ision $on$ernin alterin leas or ursuin

t.e matter to trial as a "ree &e$ision on t.e art o" t.e la! $lients6 .e! ere un&er

no ressure "rom eit.er .im or me an& .e state& on more t.an one o$$asion t.at as t.e

&e$ision as a momentous one "or ea$. o" t.em .e &i& not ant t.em to ma?e an!sort o" sna &e$ision but ante& t.em to ta?e time to re"le$t an& t.in? ;s ;anle!

s.oe& bot. &e"en&ants t.e %enten$in Coun$il ui&elines6 %.e t.en sa .er la!

$lient alone an& a&-ise& .er "ull! on t.e ossible &e"en$es a-ailable to .er, on t.e

leal &e"inition o" a""ra! an& on t.e "a$t s.e ma! still o to rison6 %.e e@laine& t.at

i" ;rs ;$Cart.! lea&e& uilt!, t.e! oul& .a-e to ro$ee& on t.e basis s.e as

uilt!6 %.e as?e& t.e $ourt "or a&&itional time to ensure .er la! $lient un&erstoo& "ull!

t.e imli$ations o" .er &e$ision6 W.en ;rs ;$Cart.! &e$i&e& to lea& uilt! to

a""ra! ;s ;anle! ensure& .er la! $lient en&orse& .er brie", in a$$or&an$e it. .er

ro"essional obliations6 Kn"ortunatel!, ;r Walla$e &i& not &o t.e same6


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The applicants account

21. .e ali$ant &es$ribe& ;r Walla$es -er! rela@e& attitu&e to re+trial $on"eren$es6

e oul& ear $asual $lot.es an& o in sometimes unannoun$e&6 e oul& e$?

ra$e! ;$Cart.! on t.e $.ee? an& .u t.e ali$ant6 7n o$$asion .e smelle& o"

$annabis an& ut .is les u on t.e so"a6 At t.e time t.e la$? o" "ormalit! le"t .im"eelin $on"i&ent, as &i& ;r Walla$es assuran$es t.at t.e! .a& a -er! oo& &e"en$e6

;r Walla$e in"orme& t.e "amil! t.at .e .a& .a& a run o" se-enteen ins in $ourt an&

&i& not inten& to en& .is innin strea?6 e a&-ise& t.at, i" $on-i$te&, t.e ali$ant

oul& "a$e a senten$e o" 18+24 mont.s an& .is mot.er oul& not o to rison6 .ere

as no suestion t.at eit.er o" t.em s.oul& lea& uilt!6

22. .e -isits in$lu&e& a re-ie o" some o" t.e itness statements an& attemts at a

re$onstru$tion o" t.e in$i&ent6 ;r Walla$e .a& no aers it. .im an& too? no notes6

e raise& t.e Huestion o" t.e a&missibilit! o" t.e ali$ants reriman& "or a""ra! as a

s$.oolbo! an& t.e $omlainants s.oli"tin $on-i$tions6 .ere as also some

&is$ussion about %s e-i&en$e6 'oo?in ba$?, t.e ali$ant "eels t.at ;r Walla$esaroa$. "aile& to reare .im roerl! "or .at as to .aen at trial6 .e onl! time

.en ;r Walla$e sueste& t.ere mi.t be roblems it. t.e $ase namel! %s

e-i&en$e, .is mot.ers a$$ount to oli$e an& .is ba& $.ara$ter as on t.e %atur&a!

mornin be"ore trial6

23. 7n t.e mornin o" 18


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Walla$e as as?e& i" t.e ali$ant .a& lea&e& to an o""en$e in-ol-in intent, .e as

a&-ise& t.at .e .a& but .e as not to orr!F t.e =u&e an& rose$utor ?ne .e &i& not

.a-e t.e intent6

25. e sent a te@t messae to t.is e""e$t to .is "rien& #ason6 We .a-e a $o!6 >t rea&:

oo? a lea barainJ > too? a less $.are to b.J >m

loo?in at an!t.in "rom 2 M 5 !ears6

26. A"terar&s ;r Walla$e tol& .im .e oul& .a-e to a$$et in .is inter-ie it. t.e

robation o""i$er t.at t.at .e .a& ta?en t.e ?ni"e it. .im6 .is as to s.o remorse6

;r Walla$e ro-i&e& t.e .ole stor! o" ta?in t.e ?ni"e it. .im in $ase .e

en$ountere& a .ostile rea$tion "rom t.e %as"or& "amil!6

27. .e ali$ant in"orme& t.e $ourt t.at .a& .e re$ei-e& a senten$e o" no more t.an 5

!ears as .e e@e$te&, .e oul& not .a-e aeale&6

Tracey McCarthys account

28. ra$e! ;$Cart.! as resent at t.e ali$ants re+trial meetins it. Counsel6 %.e

also remar?e& uon t.e unusual la$? o" "ormalit!6 %.e raise& t.e ossibilit! it. ;r

Walla$e o" obtainin a "orensi$ reort on t.e ?ni"e to re-eal an! "inerrints or (NA

but .e as not intereste& an& t.is as not "olloe& u6 %.e also ro-i&e& ba$?roun&

in"ormation on .er sons reriman& "or a""ra!6 is s$.ool .ere t.e in$i&ent

o$$urre& .a& a$$ete& subseHuentl! t.at .e .a& a$te& in sel" &e"en$e rat.er t.an as

t.e aressor an& re-o?e& .is e@ulsion6 .e s$.ool as reare& to $o+oerate it.

t.e &e"en$e but no statements ere ta?en "rom t.em6

29. %.e, too, remembers ;r Walla$es reat $on"i&en$e in t.e &e"en$e an& t.eir rose$ts

o" su$$ess6 A uilt! lea as ne-er &is$usse&6

30. %.e a-e an a$$ount o" t.e $on"eren$es on 18


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32. %.e $on"irme& it. ;r Walla$e be"ore .er son lea&e& uilt! t.at .e as lea&in to

an o""en$e o" oun&in it. no intent an& t.at t.e ali$ant as un&er t.e imression

t.at .e as lea&in to an o""en$e in-ol-in no intent6 W.en t.e leas ere ta?en s.e

an& ot.ers noti$e& t.e re"eren$e to intent an& .a-in a ?ni"e6 .e! as?e& ;r Walla$e

.at t.e ali$ant .a& lea&e& to an& .e assure& t.em it as in .an& an& not to

orr!6 .e!, meanin t.e =u&e an& t.e rose$utor, ?ne t.e ali$ant .a& no intent6

33. .e "amil! &i& orr! an& Iaren As.ton ran ;r Walla$e a "e &a!s later sa!in t.e

ali$ant ante& to $.ane .is lea6 Aain ;r Walla$e re+assure& .er6 %.e, too,

$laims t.at it as ;r Walla$e .o tol& t.e ali$ant .at to sa! about ta?in t.e

?ni"e to t.e s$ene6

Karen Ashtons account

34. Iaren As.ton sueste& instru$tin ;r Walla$e be$ause s.e re u it. .im an&

as aare o" .is su$$ess at t.e Bar an& on tele-ision6 %.e &es$ribe& ;r Walla$e

arri-in at about 11600 on t.e mornin o" t.e trial6 Almost imme&iatel! .e at.ere&t.e .ole "amil! an& "rien&s resent in a small room an& bean to ut immense

ressure on .er ne.e to lea& uilt!6 e sai& t.e $omlainants $.ara$ter as not

a&missible but t.e ali$ants reriman& as an& it oul& o ba&l! "or .im6 %s

e-i&en$e as oer"ul6 ;r Walla$e ante& .er ne.e to a&mit ossessin t.e ?ni"e6

Walla$es a&-i$e as t.at .e oul& et 2 to 4 !ears rat.er t.an 8 to 10 !ears an& .is

mot.er oul& et a susen&e& senten$e rat.er t.an 3 to !ears, i" .e lea&e& uilt! to

se$tion 206 %.e un&erstoo& t.is as a lesser o""en$e6 None o" t.e "amil! ante& t.e

ali$ant to lea& uilt! to an!t.in6 ;r Walla$e sai& i" .e as in t.e ali$ants

s.oes .e oul& lea& uilt!6 W.en .e aree& to lea&, e-er!one t.ere un&erstoo& .e

as to lea& uilt! to se$tion 206

35. >n .er ritten statement to t.e $ourt s.e $on"irme& t.at ;r Walla$e in"orme& t.e

ali$ant t.at i" .e is.e& to $ontest t.e trial .e oul& "i.t t.e $ase "or .im6 A"ter

t.e .earin s.e as?e& Walla$e i" t.e ali$ant $oul& $.ane .is lea an& .is a&-i$e

as t.at t.is as not ossible6 .e! .a& to sti$? to .at t.e! .a& sai&6

Cecil Ashtons account

36. Ce$il As.ton sa %.aun Walla$e at one o" t.e re+$ourt meetins6 e, too, remembers

assuran$es t.at t.e ali$ant .a& a reat $ase an& t.at ;r Walla$e inten&e& to ma?et.is .is ei.teent. in in a ro6

37. 7n t.e &a! o" trial .e t.ou.t .is ran&son a ner-ous re$? be"ore t.e $on"eren$e

e-en bean6 ;r Walla$e as late but a-e no aolo!6 e ante& t.e ali$ant to

lea& uilt! be$ause %s e-i&en$e as li?el! to $on-i$t .im6 e &i& not ant to $ross

e@amine .er6 .e $omlainants $.ara$ter as not a&missible an& t.e ali$ants

reriman& oul& ma?e .im loo? ba& in t.e e!es o" t.e =ur!6 e .a& onl! a 30 er $ent

$.an$e o" an a$Huittal6 >" $on-i$te&, t.e ali$ant oul& et 8+10 !ears an& .is mot.er

3+ !ears6 >" .e lea&e& to se$tion 20 it oul& be a lesser senten$e an& .is mot.er

oul& not o to rison6 >n .is ritten statement, ;r As.ton mentione& t.at ;r

Walla$e e@laine& t.e &i""eren$e beteen se$tion 18 an& se$tion 206 %e$tion 20 meantt.e ali$ant &i& not .a-e t.e ne$essar! intent an& &i& not ta?e t.e ?ni"e6 .e


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ali$ant as uilt! to se$tion 20 be$ause s.e &i& not stab .ersel"6 .e ali$ant an&

e-er!one else t.ou.t .e as bein o""ere& a &eal to lea& uilt! to a se$tion 20

o""en$e6 e oul& et 2+ 4 !ears an& $re&it "or Lta time6 /art o" t.e senten$e oul&

be susen&e&6 .e ressure "or t.e ali$ant as unbearable6

38. A"terar&s .en .e as?e& ;r Walla$e about .at o""en$es .is ran&son .a& lea&e&to, ;r Walla$e assure& .im t.at e-er!t.in as in .an&6

Tracey De Heers account

39. ra$e! &e eer as also at t.e "amil! $on"eren$e at $ourt6 ;r Walla$e sai& .e oul&

not $ross e@amine t.e $.il& an& t.at ;rs ;$Cart.!s e-i&en$e as not .el"ul6

.ins ere not loo?in oo&6 >t as *0)30 aainst #amie6 >" .e as $on-i$te& o"

se$tion 18 .e oul& et 8+10 !ears an& .is mot.er 4+6 >" .e lea&e& to se$tion 20 .e

oul& et a lesser senten$e o" 2+4 !ears6 .e ali$ant as uset an& $r!in an&

oul& .a-e lea&e& to an! o""en$e to ?ee .is mot.er out o" rison6 Bot. t.e

$ir$umstan$es an& ;r Walla$e ut ressure on t.e ali$ant to lea& uilt!6 E-er!oneun&erstoo& .e oul& be lea&in to a se$tion 20 o""en$e6 %.e remembere& Iaren

As.ton as?in .at ;r Walla$e oul& &o i" it as .is mot.er an& .is in&i$atin .e

oul& a$$et t.e &eal6

40. A"terar&s, ;r Walla$e sai& not to orr! about t.e "a$t .e .a& lea&e& to intent6

Other material

41. 7t.er members o" t.e "amil! an& "rien&s not $alle& .a-e ro-i&e& statements as to

e-ents at trial t.at are broa&l! $onsistent it. t.e a$$ounts ro-i&e& b! t.e ali$ant

an& t.e $o+a$$use& an& broa&l! $onsistent it. ea$. ot.er6

Text message

42. #ason illett, a "rien& o" t.e ali$ant, .as $on"irme& .e re$ei-e& t.e te@t "rom t.e

ali$ant to .i$. e .a-e re"erre&6 illett t.en .one& t.e ali$ant .o sai& t.at

.ilst .e as not .a! it. t.e lea barain it as robabl! t.e best out$ome "or .is

mot.er6 .e ali$ant e@ressl! tol& .im t.at .e too? a lea barain to a lesser $.are6

Shaun Wallaces response

43. >n .is resonse, ;r Walla$e insists t.at a&-i$es on e-i&en$e ere not ne$essar! an&

t.at .is $on"eren$es it. .is la! $lient enable& .im to atten& t.e trial "ull! reare&

"or a $onteste& .earin6 e met t.e ali$ant "or t.e "irst time at t.e /C; .ere .e

e@laine& t.at .e oul& nee& a number o" $on"eren$es be"ore trial6 e li-e& not "ar

"rom t.e ali$ants bail a&&ress an& as reare& to tra-el t.ere to $on&u$t t.em6 e

&i& not in"orm .is instru$tin soli$itors6 .ere ere about "our $on"eren$es on

%atur&a!s &urin .i$. .e too? "ull instru$tions an& e@laine& a number o"

&i""i$ulties it. t.e &e"en$e6 .ese in$lu&e& t.e $ontents o" t.e $o+a$$use&s

inter-ie, t.e "a$t t.e &e"en&ants a&mitte& t.e! ante& to sea? to As.er %as"or&

about t.e burlar! an& t.e "a$t t.at t.e ali$ant $.ane& .is $lot.es a"ter t.ein$i&ent6


9/19

44. e re=e$te& t.e alleations o" unro"essionalism, un&ue in"ormalit! an& asso$iation

it. $annabis6 e insists .e ala!s .a& .is $ase aers it. .im an& ent t.rou.

e-er! ase$t o" t.e $ase it. .is la! $lient in roer "orm6 .e! .a& in &et.

&is$ussions an& $on&u$te& a re+$onstru$tion6 e a&-ise& t.at t.e ali$ant .a& a oo&

&e"en$e6

45. e &ismisse& t.e suestion t.at e@ert e-i&en$e on t.e ?ni"e "oun& nearb! as

reHuire&6 >t oul& .a-e been irrele-ant6 n so &oin, .ema&e it $lear a lea to se$tion 20 as not on o""er6 e also e@laine& t.e o""en$e o"

ossession o" an o""ensi-e eaon6 e a$$ete& t.at t.e ali$ant ala!s insiste& .e

&i& not ta?e t.e ?ni"e it. .im to t.e s$ene an& t.at, in .is later a&-i$e on senten$e,

.e aeare& to .a-e eHuate& ta?in t.e ?ni"e to t.e s$ene it. inten&in to $ause

reall! serious bo&il! .arm6 e sai& t.at .e .a& .rase& .is a&-i$e ba&l!6

48. e .a& beun to .a-e reser-ations about t.e strent. o" t.e &e"en$e on t.e %atur&a!

be"ore trial6 7n t.e ;on&a! .e a&-ise& t.e ali$ant .is $.an$es o" a$Huittal ere 30

er $ent i" t.e $omlainant an& % $ame u to roo"6 e e@laine& about t.e &i""i$ulties

in al!in to a&&u$e e-i&en$e o" t.e ba& $.ara$ter o" t.e $omlainant6 %.e .a&

re-ious $on-i$tions "or &is.onest! but not -iolen$e an& t.ese ent onl! to .er$re&ibilit! .ereas t.e ali$ants reriman& as "or -iolen$e6 >" .is $.ara$ter as

a&mitte&, as as li?el!, t.is mi.t be $onsi&ere& more rele-ant to t.e o""en$e $.are&6

49. e &enies t.at .e sai& .e $oul& not or oul& not $ross+e@amine t.e itnesses

arti$ularl! t.e $.il& itness6 .e oint .e as ma?in as .o e""e$ti-e .er

e-i&en$e as li?el! to be an& .o .ar& it oul& be to un&ermine it6

50. e a&mits t.at, .en as?e& b! t.e "amil! .et.er .e oul& lea& uilt! in t.is

situation, .e tol& t.em .e robabl! oul&, i" .e &i& not ant .is $o+a$$use& to o to

rison6 As?e& about senten$e, .e sai& t.e ali$ant oul& still et $re&it .e &i& not

sa! .o mu$. an& oul& robabl! et 5+ !ears6

51. e a&-ise& t.e ali$ant t.is as a momentous &e$ision an& .e ante& to &is$uss it

"urt.er a"ter t.e! .a& .a& a $.an$e to &is$uss it6 e em.asise& .e oul& suort an!

&e$ision t.e ali$ant ma&e6

52. e sa t.e ali$ant searatel! in t.e resen$e o" .is ste "at.er b! .i$. time t.e

ali$ant .a& &e$i&e& to lea& uilt!6 ;r Walla$e sai& t.at .e a&-ise& t.e ali$ant

t.at i" .e lea&e& it oul& .a-e to be on t.e basis o" t.e rose$ution "ull "a$ts,

namel!, t.at .e .a& t.e ?ni"e not t.e $omlainant6 e &enie& .e ut ressure on t.e

ali$ant an& maintaine& t.at t.e ali$ant an& .is "amil! un&erstoo& .e oul& be

lea&in uilt! to t.e se$tion 18 an& t.e o""ensi-e eaon o""en$es6


10/19

53. e aree& t.at, &esite ro"essional rules, .e &i& not obtain .is la! $lients

en&orsement o" .is brie" .en t.e ali$ant $.ane& .is lea an& .e ma&e no ritten

re$or& o" t.at or an! $on"eren$e6

Advice to solicitors on plea

54. A"ter senten$e, t.ere as an email e@$.ane &ate& n

relation to t.e e-ents o" 18 tol& .im t.at t.e! oul&nt a$$et an!t.in

less6

> tol& .im t.at i" .e as oin to lea& uilt!, it oul& be on

t.e basis t.at .e .a& t.e ?ni"e "or rote$tion be$ause o" t.e

reutation "or .an&lin stolen oo&s an& its otential "or

-iolen$e6

> a&-ise& .im t.at i" .e &e$i&e& to $.ane .is lea, t.en t.e

Cron oul& &ro t.e s18 $.are aainst ra$e!J

Advice on sentence

55. >n .is ritten a&-i$e on senten$e to t.e la! $lient an& t.e soli$itors .e set out

e-er!t.in aain in some &etail in$lu&in t.e "a$t t.at .e a&-ise& t.e ali$ant on t.e

(e"initi-e ui&eline6 e asserte& t.at .e .a& e@laine& "ull! t.e ali$ants otions

an& i-en .im amle time to $onsi&er .et.er .e is.e& to $ontest t.e trial "or

.i$. .e as "ull! reare& or lea& uilt! to t.e o""en$es as $.are&6 .e

a&-antaes o" &oin t.e latter ere t.at t.e rose$ution oul& a$$et a lea to a""ra!

"rom t.e $o+a$$use& an& t.e ali$ant oul& et some $re&it "or .is lea o" uilt!6

56. e state&: Counsel ma?es it $lear t.at t.e Aellant lea&e& uilt! to s618 B it.

intent an& &oes not see? to o be.in& t.at "a$t an& t.e Lintent in terms o" brin si$ a

?ni"e out in a ubli$ la$e it. t.e initial aim "or rote$ti-e uroses an& .is

&eliberate intention to "ri.ten or s$are a seate& -ulnerable -i$tim it. to !oun

$.il&ren resent &emonstrates an& is anot.er e@amle, it is submitte&, o" t.e

Aellants "ailure to s.o an! $lear t.in?in o" t.e ris?s an& t.e $onseHuen$es o" .is

a$tions6

/ROUNDS OF APPEAL


11/19

Conviction

16 .e ali$ants $ase as ina&eHuatel! an& ) or in$ometentl!

reare& b! .is trial reresentati-es in t.at:

a6 Counsel "aile& to $oml! it. t.e Bar %tan&ar&s Boar&sWritten %tan&ar&s o" /ro"essional Con&u$tF

b6 Counsel "aile& to $on&u$t $on"eren$es in a ro"essional

mannerF

$6 Counsel "aile& to instru$t an e@ert to inse$t t.e ?ni"e "or

"orensi$ lin?s to t.e $omlainant6

&6 Counsel "aile& to re$or& in ritin t.e reason "or t.e lea

an& t.e "a$t t.e la! $lient .a& been i-en t.e oortunit! to

en&orse a &e$laration statin t.at .e .a& i-en instru$tions,o" .is on "ree ill, to lea& uilt!F

e6 Counsel "aile& to ma?e a $ontemoraneous note o" .is

a&-i$e as to lea at trial6

57. ;an! o" t.e brea$.es o" t.e B%Bs Written %tan&ar&s are e""e$ti-el! a&mitte&6 ;r Ali

ent "urt.er: .e in-ite& t.e $ourt to "in& t.at t.e Hualit! o" re+trial $on"eren$es as

oor, in"ormal an& unro"essionalF t.at ;r Walla$e ne-er atten&e& it. t.e $ase

aersF ne-er too? notesF ne-er arrane& $on"eren$es in t.e resen$e o" soli$itorsF an&

"aile& to i-e a&eHuate a&-i$e on t.e strent. o" t.e e-i&en$e an& t.e e-i&en$e

enerall! in re+trial $on"eren$es6

58. ;r Ali insiste& t.at an! $ometent $ounsel oul& .a-e as?e& "or a "orensi$

e@amination o" t.e ?ni"e6 ;r Walla$es instru$tions ere t.at t.e $omlainantJ

ro&u$e& in .er ri.t .an&, .i$. s.e Hui$?l! trans"erre& into .er le"t .an&, a ?it$.en

?ni"e6 e maintaine& t.at i" t.e ?ni"e "oun& nearb! .a& been e@amine& it mi.t .a-e

re-eale& a lin? to t.e in$i&ent6 ;r Walla$e .as "aile& to $onsi&er t.e "a$t t.at i" 'isa

%as"or&s "inerrints or (NA, ere "oun& on t.e ?ni"e .an&le, it oul& suort t.e

ali$ants $ontention t.at s.e not .e ro&u$e& t.e ?ni"e6

59. ;r Ali also $laims t.at ;r Walla$e a-e ina&eHuate or ina$$urate 'eal A&-i$e in

t.at:

a6 .e "aile& to e@lain su""i$ientl! or at all t.e &i""eren$es

beteen se$tion 18 an& se$tion 20 aart "rom t.e "a$t one as

a lesser o""en$e6 >n arti$ular .e "aile& to sell out t.at to

lea& uilt! to a se$tion 18 o""en$e one oul& .a-e to a&mit

an intention to $ause reall! serious bo&il! .arm6 .ose

resent at t.e $on"eren$e on t.e mornin o" trial, in arti$ular

t.e ali$ant, ere $learl! $on"use& about t.e a&-i$e i-en6

b6 .e a&-ise& t.at e-en i" ;rs %as"or& ro&u$e& t.e ?ni"e,

t.e Ali$ant as uilt! o" t.e se$tion 20 o""en$e be$ause .ea$$ete& .e stabbe& .er6


12/19

$6 .is a&-i$e on t.e rose$t o" t.e =u&es areein to a&mit

t.e $omlainants ba& $.ara$ter an& on t.e li?eli.oo& o" t.e

ali$ants ba& $.ara$ter bein a&mitte& as un&ul!

essimisti$6

&6 .e "aile& to e@lain t.at t.e ali$ant .a& t.e otion tolea& on a ritten basis, .i$. $oul& a$$et an& re=e$t

se$i"i$ "a$ts i" ne$essar! to be litiate& at a Neton

.earinF

60. ;r Ali in-ite& t.e $ourt to bear in min& t.e $umulati-e e""e$t o" all t.e $ir$umstan$es

on t.e ali$ant6 e arri-e& at $ourt to re$ei-e a&-i$e, "or t.e "irst time, t.at .e .a&

little or no rose$t o" su$$ess6 >" .e lea&e& uilt! .i$. .is barrister sai& .e oul&

&o .is mot.er mi.t a-oi& rison6 Bot. o" t.em oul& be alloe& to lea& uilt! to a

less serious o""en$e an& re$ei-e a re&u$e& senten$e6 .is all $ombine& to amount to

imroer ressure on t.e ali$ant an& .is "ree&om o" $.oi$e as t.ereb! narroe&6

The legal principles

61. .ere are to essential rin$iles .i$. o-ern t.e resent situation .ere a

&e"en&ant lea&s uilt! an& subseHuentl! attemts to aeal aainst .is $on-i$tion6

Boal

62. .e "irst rin$ile is &eri-e& "rom v! "oal #$%%&' %( Cr App ! &)&6 .e Court ill

onl! ta?e t.e e@$etional $ourse o" inter-enin i" a &e"en&ant .as been &eri-e& o" a

&e"en$e .i$. it belie-es oul& robabl! .a-e su$$ee&e&6 Boal lea&e& uilt! to an

o""en$e un&er t.e t ill not .aen -er! o"ten6

Nightingale

63. .e se$on& rin$ile is t.at a &e"en&ant $.are& it. an o""en$e is ersonall!

resonsible "or enterin .is lea, an& t.at, in e@er$isin .is ersonal resonsibilit!, .e

must be "ree to $.oose .et.er to lea& uilt! or not uilt!6 >n v *ightingale

#&+$,' -WCA Crim .+(/ #&+$,' & Cr! App! ! )t.e $ourt as $on$erne& not it.

allee& in$ometen$e o" $ounsel but it. t.e e""e$t o" inaroriate =u&i$ial

inter-ention on t.e aellants "ree&om o" $.oi$e to enter .is lea6


13/19

106 JJ66 >t is a@iomati$ in our $riminal =usti$e s!stem

t.at a &e"en&ant $.are& it. an o""en$e is ersonall!

resonsible "or enterin .is lea, an& t.at in e@er$isin .is

ersonal resonsibilit! .e must be "ree to $.oose .et.er to

lea& uilt! or not uilt!6 Amle aut.orit!, "rom - urner

[19*0] 2 B 321 to - oo&!ear [2005] 1 W' 2532,.i$.amen&s an& brins urner u to &ate, un&erlines t.is immutable

rin$ile6 .e rin$ile alies .et.er or not t.e $ourt or

$ounsel on eit.er si&e t.in? t.at t.e $ase aainst t.e &e"en&ant

is a ea? one or e-en i" it is aarentl! unanserable6 >n -ie

o" t.e $on$lusion t.at e .a-e rea$.e&, e s.all e@ress no

oinion .ate-er o" our -ie o" t.e strent. o" t.e $ase aainst

t.e aellant6

116 W.at t.e rin$ile &oes not mean an& $annot mean is

t.at t.e &e"en&ant ma?in .is &e$ision must be "ree "rom t.e

ressure o" t.e $ir$umstan$es in .i$. .e is "or$e& to ma?e .is$.oi$e6 e .as, a"ter all, been $.are& it. a $riminal o""en$e6

.ere ill be e-i&en$e to suort t.e $ontention t.at .e is

uilt!6 >" .e is $on-i$te&, .et.er .e .as lea&e& uilt! or

"oun& uilt! at t.e $on$lusion o" a trial in .i$. .e .as &enie&

.is uilt, .e ill "a$e t.e $onseHuen$es6 .e -er! "a$t o" .is

$on-i$tion ma! .a-e sini"i$ant ima$t on .is li"e an& in&ee&

"or t.e li-es o" members o" .is "amil!6 e ill be senten$e& ++

o"ten to a term o" imrisonment6 .ose are all $ir$umstan$es

.i$. ala!s al! "or e-er! &e"en&ant "a$in a $riminal

$.are6

126 >n a&&ition to t.e ine-itable ressure $reate& b!

$onsi&erations li?e t.ese, t.e &e"en&ant ill also be a&-ise& b!

.is la!ers about .is rose$ts o" su$$ess"ull! $ontestin t.e

$.are an& t.e imli$ations "or t.e senten$in &e$ision i" t.e

$ontest is unsu$$ess"ul6 >t is t.e &ut! o" t.e a&-o$ate at t.e

Cron Court or t.e ;aistratesO Court to oint out to t.e

&e"en&ant t.e ossible a&-antaes in senten$in terms o"

ten&erin a uilt! lea to t.e $.are6 %o e-en i" t.e &e"en&ant

.as in&i$ate& or instru$te& .is la!ers t.at .e inten&s to lea&

not uilt!, in .is on interests .e is entitle& to be i-en, an&s.oul& re$ei-e, realisti$, "ort.ri.t a&-i$e on t.ese an& similar

Huestions6 .ese ne$essar! "orensi$ ressures a&& to t.e

ressures .i$. arise "rom t.e $ir$umstan$es in .i$. t.e

&e"en&ant ine-itabl! "in&s .imsel"6 %u$. "orensi$ ressures an&

$lear an& uneHui-o$al a&-i$e "rom .is la!ers &o not &eri-e

t.e &e"en&ant o" .is "ree&om to $.oose .et.er to lea& uilt!

or not uilt!F rat.er, t.e ro-ision o" realisti$ a&-i$e about .is

rose$ts .els to in"orm .is $.oi$e6 JJ6

16 >n t.e "inal anal!sis, t.e Huestion is not .et.er t.e

#u&e A&-o$ate .ere $ontra-ene& t.e rin$iles .i$. o-ernt.e i-in o" senten$e in&i$ations6 7" itsel" t.at oul& not be
http://www.bailii.org/cgi-bin/redirect.cgi?path=/ew/cases/EWCA/Crim/2005/888.htmlhttp://www.bailii.org/cgi-bin/redirect.cgi?path=/ew/cases/EWCA/Crim/2005/888.htmlhttp://www.bailii.org/cgi-bin/redirect.cgi?path=/ew/cases/EWCA/Crim/2005/888.html


14/19

&e$isi-e6 .e Huestion is .et.er t.e unin-ite& in&i$ation i-en

b! t.e =u&e, an& its $onseHuent ima$t on t.e &e"en&ant a"ter

$onsi&erin t.e a&-i$e i-en to .im b! .is leal a&-isers on t.e

basis o" t.eir ro"essional un&erstan&in o" t.e e""e$t o" .at

t.e =u&e .as sai&, .a& $reate& inaroriate a&&itional

ressures on t.e &e"en&ant an& narroe& t.e roer ambit o".is "ree&om o" $.oi$e6

1*6 a-in re"le$te& on t.e "a$ts in t.is $ase, e $on$lu&e

t.at t.e aellants "ree&om o" $.oi$e as in&ee& imroerl!

narroe&6 A$$or&inl!, t.e lea o" uilt! is in e""e$t a nullit!6 >t

ill be set asi&e6 .e $on-i$tion base& on t.e lea ill be

Huas.e&6

Con+lus*ons

64. .e roun&s o" aeal ro-i&e to rin$ial issues "or t.is $ourt to &etermine:

namel! as t.ere i un&ue ressure an& ii ina&eHuate reresentation t.at, in&i-i&uall!

or $umulati-el!, imroerl! narroe& t.e ali$ants "ree&om o" $.oi$e6

Undue pressure

65. .e un&ue ressure is sai& to stem "rom t.e e-ents at $ourt on 18 n t.e li.t o" ;s

;anle!s note e are $on"i&ent t.e ali$ant an& ;r Walla$e are $orre$t6

67. ;r etonstall "or t.e Cron sueste&, in as olite a a! as ossible, t.at t.e

similarities beteen a$$ounts sueste& t.at members o" t.e "amil! .a& ot t.eir

.ea&s toet.er to ro&u$e a stor!6 oe-er, some o" .at t.e! sai& as $on"irme& b!

;r Walla$e .imsel" an& e &i& not et t.e imression t.e itnesses ere &eliberatel!

tr!in to mislea& t.e $ourt6 >n our -ie, it as more li?el! t.at .ere t.eir a$$ounts

&i""ere& "rom ;s ;anle!s note "or e@amle as to t.e e@tent o" t.e ressure ut on

t.e ali$ant t.e! .a& unittinl! alloe& t.eir emotions, an& ossibl! Lrou

re$all, to $lou& t.eir memor!6


15/19

68. .ere as un&oubte&l! ressure on t.e ali$ant6 e as un&er ressure in to

arti$ular rese$ts: "rom .is &esire to ?ee .is mot.er out o" rison an& "rom t.e

a&-i$e t.at .is $.an$es o" an a$Huittal ere no more t.an 30 er $ent6 oe-er, t.is

?in& o" ressure is er"e$tl! normal =ust be"ore a trial $ommen$es6 As t.e 'or& C.ie"

#usti$e e@laine& in*ightingaleat arara.s 11 to 12 t.e ressures stem "rom t.e

"a$t t.at t.e ali$ant as $.are& it. a serious $riminal o""en$e6 >t is also "ar "romun$ommon "or members o" t.e same "amil! to be $.are& on t.e same in&i$tment an&

"or neotiations to ta?e la$e in .i$. t.e rose$ution o""er or t.e &e"en$e in-ite t.e

rose$ution to a$$et a lesser lea "rom one member o" t.e "amil! i" t.e ot.er lea&s

uilt! as $.are&6

69. We note t.at t.e ali$ant as a ron man it. no i&enti"ie& -ulnerabilit! .o as

er"e$tl! $aable o" as?in Huestions6 >" .e &i& not &o so, .is "amil! &i&6 is te@t

messae to .is "rien& re-eals a man .o .a& un&erstoo& t.at as a result o" areein to

lea& uilt! to an o""en$e .e mi.t et as mu$. as "i-e !ears6 .at &oes not suest a

man un&er ressure to lea& uilt! to a stabbin o" .i$. .e as not uilt!6

70.


16/19

Inadequate representation

75. .ere are a number o" ase$ts in .i$. ;r Walla$es $on&u$t o" t.e $ase is oen to

ossible $riti$ism6 .ese in$lu&e:

a6 ol&in $on"eren$es it. .is la! $lient at .is .omeit.out a soli$itor resent an& it.out ?eein t.e

soli$itor in"orme& o" .at .e as &oin an& a&-i$e .e

as i-inF

b6


17/19

79. We .a-e anal!se& $are"ull! ;s ;anle!s note, ;r Walla$es a$$ount o" .is a&-i$e

enerall!, .is a&-i$e on t.e &a! o" trial, .is a&-i$e b! email an& in .is ritten a&-i$e

on senten$e6 We .a-e $omare& t.em all it. t.e e-i&en$e "rom t.e ali$ant an& .is

itnesses6 We $an "in& no re"eren$e to ;r Walla$es e-er e@lainin to t.e ali$ant

in aroriate terms t.e nature o" t.e intent ne$essar! to $onstitute a se$tion 18

o""en$eF not e-en in ;r Walla$es on a$$ount6 ;r Walla$es a&-i$e on senten$e an&.is email to .is instru$tin soli$itors bot. seem to eHuate ta?in t.e ?ni"e to t.e s$ene

it. t.e ne$essar! intent "or a se$tion 18 o""en$e6 A lea o" uilt! on t.e "ull "a$ts

as sai& to be on t.e basis t.at t.e ali$ant, rat.er t.an t.e $omlainant, as in

ossession o" t.e ?ni"e6 No mention is ma&e o" t.e ali$ants inten&in to $ause

reall! serious bo&il! .arm .en .e stabbe& ;rs %as"or&6

80. 7n t.e one .an&, t.ere"ore, e .a-e a ossible an& sini"i$ant la$una in t.e a&-i$e

i-en b! Counsel an&, on t.e ot.er, e .a-e an ali$ant .o $learl! un&erstoo& .e

as lea&in uilt! to a lesser o""en$e o" oun&in6 is te@t messaes to .is "rien&,

#ason illett, almost imme&iatel! a"ter .e entere& .is lea ma?e t.at lain6 >t is also

t.e $ommon re"rain o" e-er! one o" t.e &e"en$e itnesses $alle& t.at t.e ali$antinten&e& to lea& uilt! to a lesser o""en$e6

81. >n our -ie, t.is is one o" t.ose e@$etional $ases .ere e s.oul& inter-ene6 We are

"ar "rom $on"i&ent t.at .en t.e ali$ant lea&e& uilt! to t.e o""en$e o" oun&in

it. intent .e .a& a roer un&erstan&in o" t.e elements o" t.e o""en$e6 >n t.at sense,

.is "ree&om o" $.oi$e as imroerl! narroe&6 >t $annot be arue& t.at .e .a& no

&e"en$e on a $.are o" oun&in it. intent6 .e rose$ution $ase on oun&in an&

o""ensi-e eaon ma! .a-e been stron, but t.e ali$ant ma! .a-e ersua&e& a =ur!

.is aallin be.a-iour &i& not e@ten& to inten&in to $ause ;rs %as"or& reall!

serious bo&il! .arm6

82. t as $ommon roun& t.at t.e latter is a $ourse oen to us ursuant to 3A2 o" t.e

Criminal Aeal A$t 1986 .e ali$ant $oul& .a-e lea&e& uilt! to, or been

$on-i$te& o", an o""en$e o" se$tion 20 oun&in on t.e in&i$tment6 >" e are satis"ie&t.at .is lea o" uilt! in&i$ate& an a&mission o" "a$ts .i$. ro-e .im uilt! o"

oun&in, e ma! substitute "or t.e ali$ants lea o" uilt! to se$tion 18, a lea o"

uilt! to se$tion 20 rat.er t.an &ismiss or allo t.e aeal6

84. >t aears to us t.at t.e ali$ant inten&e& to lea& uilt! to a se$tion 20 oun&in6

e .as tol& us in terms .e oul& .a-e lea&e& uilt! to a se$tion 20 o""en$e6 As e

.a-e in&i$ate&, sub=e$t to t.e issue o" intent, it also aears to us t.at .is leas ere

entere& "reel! an& .is "ree&om o" $.oi$e as not imroerl! narroe&6 is uilt!

leas to a se$tion 18 oun&in an& ossession o" an o""ensi-e eaon in&i$ate an

a&mission o" "a$ts .i$. ro-e .im uilt! o" se$tion 20 oun&in6


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85. >n all t.e $ir$umstan$es o" t.is $ase, e are reare& to a$$et ;r Alis submission

t.at t.e most sensible $ourse is to use our oers o" substitution6 We i-e lea-e an&

substitute a lea o" uilt! to t.e oun&in o""en$e6 .e re$or&s ill be amen&e&

a$$or&inl!6

Sentence

86. We ro$ee& to senten$e on t.at basis6 We bear in min& t.e roun&s o" aeal but &o

not a&&ress t.em se$i"i$all!, aime& as t.e! ere at a &i""erent set o" $ir$umstan$es6

We i-e lea-e to aeal aainst senten$e6

87. .e material be"ore t.e senten$in =u&e, an& no us, in$lu&e& a re senten$e reort6

o t.e aut.or o" t.at reort, t.e aellant as .e no is &enie& an! intent to $ause

.arm but a$$ete& resonsibilit! "or .is a$tions6 e e@resse& remorse an& reret6

oe-er, .e as not reare& to a&mit to reme&itation nor to an! sense o" rie-an$e

.i$. .a& romte& an atta$?6 e as assesse& as resentin a lo ris? o" re+

o""en&in6 .ere ere roun&s "or $on$lu&in t.at t.e be.a-iour as un$.ara$teristi$o" .im6

88. .ere ere to $.ara$ter re"eren$es on be.al" o" t.e aellant it. t.e aers6 .ere

as also a statement "rom t.e $omlainant an& a reort "rom .er &o$tor e@lainin .er

re+e@istin &i""i$ulties an& t.e ima$t t.e in$i&ent .a& .a& uon .er an& uon %6

Conclusions

89. .is as a serious o""en$e o" se$tion 20 oun&in6 .e aellant an& .is mot.er ent

out, .e arme& it. a lare ?ni"e, see?in to ta?e t.e la into t.eir on .an&s6 .eir

o""en$e as $learl! reme&itate&6 'isa %as"or&s onl! L$rime, as t.e! sa it, as tobe t.e mot.er o" t.e man .o ma! .a-e burle& t.eir .ouse6 .e! "oun& ;rs

%as"or& insi&e a motor $ar it. to $.il&ren in t.e ba$? an&, e""e$ti-el!, unable to

es$ae6 %.e as arti$ularl! -ulnerable6 Wit.in a -er! s.ort time o" $on"rontin .er,

t.e aellant .a& stabbe& .er it. t.e ?ni"e "or no ob-ious reason6 %.e ose& no

t.reat to .im or to .is mot.er6 A"ter t.e stabbin t.e aellant trie& to &isose o" t.e

eaon an& $o-er .is tra$?s6

90. Alt.ou. t.e $omlainants .!si$al in=uries ere limite&, t.is as merel! "ortuitous6

.e! $oul& .a-e been orse6 >n an! e-ent, ;rs %as"or& also su""ere& "rom an

in"e$tion to .er oun& t.at $ause& a la$? o" sensation reHuirin "urt.er neuroloi$al

in-estiation an&, more sini"i$antl!, s.e sustaine& s!$.oloi$al in=ur! "or sometime a"ter t.e in$i&ent6

91. We are $ons$ious o" $riti$isms ma&e o" t.e =u&eOs &es$rition o" .er in=uries as

$atastro.i$ an& li"e $.anin6 We .a-e t.e bene"it o" an u to &ate messae "rom

t.e $omlainant .ersel"6 >t ma! ell be t.at .a& t.e material be"ore us been a-ailable

to t.e =u&e .e ma! not .a-e use& t.ose re$ise or&s6 oe-er, t.e "a$t remains t.at

t.is o""en$e $ause& bot. .!si$al an& s!$.oloi$al .arm to t.e $omlainant an&

.arm to t.e ot.er o$$uants o" t.e $ar6 .ere .as been a &istressin an& rotra$te&

e""e$t uon %6 er &istress .as e@a$erbate& t.e $omlainants su""erin6

92. >n t.e $ir$umstan$es, an& al!in t.e %enten$in ui&elines, e "in& t.at t.ere asreater .arm, in t.e $onte@t o" an o""en$e o" se$tion 20 oun&in, an& t.ere as


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reater $ulabilit!6 .e most aroriate $ateor! into .i$. to la$e t.is o""en$e

oul& be $ateor! 1 it. a startin oint o" 3 !ears an& a $ateor! rane o" 2 !ears

mont.s to 4 !ears $usto&!, but t.e $ir$umstan$es o" t.is $ase, in our -ie, ta?e it

outsi&e t.e $ateor! rane6

93. .e "a$tors .i$. re&u$e t.e seriousness o" t.e o""en$e are t.e la$? o" re-ious$on-i$tions, t.e "a$t it as an isolate& in$i&ent, t.e aellants !out. an& remorse an&

t.e "a$t .e as un&er t.e in"luen$e o" .is mot.er6 >n a&&ition, t.ere must be a ten er

$ent re&u$tion "or .at oul& .a-e been a lea o" uilt! on t.e &a! o" t.e trial6

94. Carr!in out t.e senten$in e@er$ise on se$tion 20 results, in our -ie, in a senten$e

o" 4 !ears imrisonment6

95. .e aellant lea&e& uilt! also to an o""en$e o" ossession o" an o""ensi-e eaon6

e as senten$e& to 2 !ears imrisonment "or t.at o""en$e to be ser-e& $on$urrentl!

to t.e senten$e on t.e se$tion 18 o""en$e6 a-in settle& on a senten$e o" 9 !ears "or

t.e more serious o""en$e, t.e =u&e no &oubt too? a$$ount o" t.e rin$ile o" totalit!in so or&erin6 >n our -ie t.e $arr!in o" t.e ?ni"e is a arti$ularl! ara-atin "a$tor

o" t.e $rime6 a& .e not ta?en t.e ?ni"e to t.e s$ene, it oul& not .a-e been to .an&

to use .en temers "lare&6 .e aellant must .a-e been ell aare t.at as a

&istin$t ossibilit!6 .e o""en$e o" ossession o" an o""ensi-e eaon is a searate an&

serious o""en$e .i$. s.oul& be re"le$te& in t.e o-erall senten$in stru$ture6 n all t.e $ir$umstan$es, e are satis"ie& t.at t.e senten$e "or ossession o" an

o""ensi-e eaon s.oul& be or&ere& to run $onse$uti-el! to t.e senten$e o" 4 !ears ont.e se$tion 20 o""en$e6 .at means t.at t.e total senten$e o" imrisonment to be

ser-e& is no !ears6 o t.at e@tent t.is aeal su$$ee&s6

97.

mr shaun wallace

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