Mr. PerezCHAPTER 8 SECTION 2IGNEOUS AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

CHAPTER 8 SECTION 3METAMORPHIC ROCKS AND ROCK CYCLE

CHAPTER 8 SECTION 1MINERALS– EARTH’S JEWELS

Mineral- inorganic, solid materials found in nature

Rock- solid material made up of two or more minerals

Crystal- solid materials with a repeating pattern

Gem- minerals that are rare and can be cut and polished , giving them a beautiful appearance

Ore- mineral that contains enough useful substance that it can be sold for profit

SECTION 1 VOCABULARY

Examples: Graphite, quartz, fluorite, apatite

Ways minerals form:1. Melted rock (magma) cools and the particles are arranged in

patterns

2. Evaporation can cause minerals to form, just as evaporated saltwater leaves behind salt

3. Precipitation can cause minerals to form– water cannot hold all the dissolved materials, forming solid masses of mineral

Formation clues: APPEARANCE IS IMPORTANT• Large mineral grains that fit like a puzzle = slow cooling magma• Perfect crystals = plenty of room to cool

WHAT IS A MINERAL?

Minerals are inorganic, Solid materials formed in nature. Inorganic means that are not made by plants or animals

WHAT IS A MINERAL?

CrystalsCleavage & FractureColorStreak & LusterHardnessSpecific gravity

PROPERTIES OF MINERALS

Cleavage Fracture

Minerals that split into pieces with smooth, regular planes that reflect light

Minerals that split into pieces with rough or jagged edges

Halite & Mica Flint & Quartz

PROPERTIES OF MINERALS

COLOR: the way the minerals look can be caused by impurities

STREAK: the color that appears when the minerals is slid on a white, unglazed tiled called a streak plate

LUSTER: how light is reflected off the mineral

HARDNESS: Using the MOHS SCALE, classify how hard the mineral is

SPECIFIC GRAVITY: compares the weight of the mineral with an equal volume of water

OTHER PROPERTIES: Magnetism Taste Reactivity

PROPERTIES OF MINERALS

Most of the rock-forming minerals are silicates, which contain silicon and oxygen. Feldspar Quartz

Other important rock-forming minerals are carbonates, which contain carbon and oxygen. Calcite

COMMON MINERALS

Gems are minerals that can be cut and polished , giving them a beautiful appearance– beautiful luster and color

VERY RARE, because they form under special conditions Require extremely high pressures Examples of gems: diamonds, rubies, sapphires, emeralds

GEMS

Ores are minerals that contain enough of a useful substance that it can be sold for profi t Examples of ores: copper ore, aluminum ore, gold ore

Ores are processed:1. Mined2. Smelted: melted and useful product separated from the rest3. Refined (purified)4. Processed

ORES

Lava- molten rock material that exists at or above Earth’s surface

Igneous rock- rock formed when melted rock material from inside Earth cools

Extrusive- melted rock material cools on Earth’s surface

Intrusive- melted rock materials cools below Earth’s surface

Sedimentary rock- sediment collected in layers and compacted together

SECTION 2 VOCABULARY

Igneous Rocks

Type Form from molten rock

called

Have cooling rate

that is

Have crystal size that is

Extrusive(outside)

Lava (above surface)

Fast Small

Intrusive(inside)

Magma(below surface)

Slow Large

IGNEOUS ROCK DETAILS

Igneous Rocks can be

Light colored

HaveHigh silica

content

Are called Granitic

Dark colored

HaveLow silica content

Are called

Basaltic

ORGANIZE IGNEOUS ROCKS

Detrital Chemical Organic

Form from Made of grains of minerals or other rocks

Dissolved mineral in seawater, geysers, hot springs, or salty lakes

Living matter that has died

How form Moved and been deposited in layers by water, ice, gravity or wind

Evaporation or other chemical processes

Piled up and compressed into rock

Where form Land or water Water Land or ocean

Examples Sandstone, Shale, Conglomerate, Siltstone

Halite Chalk, coal, limestone

CLASSIFY SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

Pressure- force applied over a given areaMetamorphic rock- new rocks that form when

existing rocks are heated or squeezed but not melted

Foliated- rocks that have visible layers or elongated grains of mineral

Nonfoliated- rocks that do not have distinct layers or bands of minerals

Rock cycle- cycle that describes how different kinds of rock are related to one another and how rocks change from one type to another

SECTION 3 VOCABULARY

Conditions of Metamorphic Rock Formation

Temperature High

Pressure High

Time Millions of years

SUMMARIZE METAMORPHIC ROCKS

DRAW METAMORPHIC ROCKS

Foliated rocks include:

DRAW METAMORPHIC ROCKS

slate

gneiss

schist

phyllite

Nonfoliated rocks include:

DRAW METAMORPHIC ROCKS

quartzite

marble

soapstone

http://www.learner.org/interactives/rockcycle/diagram.html

ROCK CYCLE INTERACTIVE

Chapter 8 Vocabulary Quiz A: 12/4 or B: 12/5

Mighty Mineral Mini Project Presentations due A: 12/6 or B: 12/9

Rock Cycle quiz on A: 12/10 or B:12/11Bring in old crayons, aluminum foil,

wax paper and pencil sharpeners A: 12/10 or B: 12/11

REMEMBER!

Florida Science Grade 7Glencoe Science & McGraw Hill Publishing

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