mr. millott’s historiography schools of thought and...

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Mr. Millott’s Historiography schools of thought and quotes Topic Soviet Perspective Western Perspective Revisionist Perspective Lenin & The Structure of the Bolshevik Party Central group of leaders driving change Lenin had successfully adapted Marxism for Russia Bolshevik Party were basically a power hungry party who took advantage of a set of circumstances Lenin believed in and lusted power but only because the Bolshevik party should initiate the achievement “To impose such immense sacrifices in the name of so naïve and flawed a vision makes Lenin one of the greatest criminals of all time.” Lievin Quotes “ The leadership given by Lenin and the Bolshevik Party … ensured the success of one of the greatest events in world history – the overthrow of the power of the landowners and capitalists.” GD Obichkin “Judged in terms of its own aspirations: the Communist (Bolshevik) party was a monumental failure.” ‐ Richard Pipes “While Lenin was cunning & untrustworthy, he was also dedicated to the ultimate goal of communism … He was determined that the Bolsheviks should initiate the achievement of a world without exploitation” ‐ Robert Service. 1905 revolution *causes & consequences Russia was socially backward, so much of the population exploited by a limited few who had power No leader to guide revolutionary reform and general population still trusted Tsar Tsarist regime not only ignored pressure from below but also from advise of the ministers Tsarist regime was out of touch with the people and avoided reform Quotes “1905 failed as a revolution because the protestors were disunited and inexperienced.” ‐ Leon Trotsky Bloody Sunday was an overwhelming display of Tsarist incompetence.” Richard Pipes “The Tsar was truly out of touch with his people” and “although the regime succeeded in restoring order, it could not hope to turn the clock back. 1905 had changed society for good. Many of the comrades of 1905 were the elders of 1917…” Orlando Figes

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Mr. Millott’s Historiography schools of thought and quotes 

Topic  Soviet Perspective  Western Perspective  Revisionist Perspective Lenin & The Structure of the Bolshevik Party 

Central group of leaders driving change Lenin had successfully adapted Marxism for Russia 

Bolshevik Party were basically a power hungry party who took advantage of a set of circumstances 

Lenin believed in and lusted power but only because the Bolshevik party should initiate the achievement 

“To impose such immense sacrifices in the name of so naïve and flawed a vision makes Lenin one of the greatest criminals of all time.” Lievin 

Quotes  “ The leadership given by Lenin and the Bolshevik Party … ensured the success of one of the greatest events in world history – the overthrow of the power of the landowners and capitalists.” 

‐ GD Obichkin  

“Judged in terms of its own aspirations: the Communist (Bolshevik) party was a monumental failure.” ‐ Richard Pipes 

“While Lenin was cunning & untrustworthy, he was also dedicated to the ultimate goal of communism … He was determined that the Bolsheviks should initiate the achievement of a world without exploitation”  ‐ Robert Service. 

1905 revolution *causes & consequences 

Russia was socially backward, so much of the population exploited by a limited few who had power No leader to guide revolutionary reform and general population still trusted Tsar  

Tsarist regime not only ignored pressure from below but also from advise of the ministers 

Tsarist regime was out of touch with the people and avoided reform 

Quotes  “1905 failed as a revolution because the protestors were disunited and inexperienced.” ‐ Leon Trotsky 

Bloody Sunday was an overwhelming display of Tsarist incompetence.”  

‐ Richard Pipes   

“The Tsar was truly out of touch with his people” and “although the regime succeeded in restoring order, it could not hope to turn the clock back. 1905 had changed society for good. Many of the comrades of 1905 were the elders of 1917…”  

‐ Orlando Figes   

Mr. Millott’s Historiography schools of thought and quotes 

First World War  Capitalist, Imperialist War which highlighted the divide between the oppressed and the wealthy class, who were not accountable in the war. 

Highlighted the political and economic flaws in Tsarist Russia. So backward that it could organize the transportation and military, and led to the problems back in Petrograd 

Russia was socially already vulnerable and on the verge of collapse. People protesting in Petrograd and mutinying soldiers a major cause.  

“In the short run, it rescued the government from a serious crisis. But in the long run it may have simply deepened the crisis and ensured that it was more profound when it finally arrived” ‐ Christian  

Quotes  “The tsar kept his outlook unchanged through two wars and two revolutions.”  ‐ Leon Trotsky 

“By 1917 the war would prove to be the undoing of tsardom” and “The tragedy for the tsar was that he and his government showed themselves increasingly incapable of running the war.” ‐ Michael Lynch 

The autocracy’s situation was precarious on the eve of First World War. The society was deeply divided, and the political and bureaucratic structure was fragile and overstrained. The regime was so vulnerable to any kind of jolt or setback that is hard to imagine that it could have survived long, even without the War.  ‐ Sheila Fitzpatrick 

1917 February Revolution 

Led by the workers and soldiers but did not go so far as to transfer power 

One of the most leaderless revolutions of all time; successful insofar as a democratic revolution 

Not as a direct result of WWI, but rather as a collapse of support for the government.  

  “The dynasty fell by shaking, like rotten fruit.”  – Leon Trotsky     

“The collapse of the Romanov dynasty … was one of the most leaderless, spontaneous, anonymous revolutions of all time.” ‐ WH Chamberlin 

“ When the February Revolution came, it was … the result of the collapse of public support in the government.” ‐ Steve Smith 

Mr. Millott’s Historiography schools of thought and quotes 

  “Who led the February Revolution? We can… answer definitively enough: conscious and tempered workers educated for the most part by the party of Lenin.” ‐ Leon Trotsky 

“No‐one made the Russian Revolution, unless it was autocracy itself … it was the direct result of the utter bankruptcy of the autocracy.” ‐ Bernard Pipes 

“ The Tsarist regime’s downfall was not inevitable, but its own stupidity made it so.” ‐ Orlando Figes 

1917 October Revolution  

Lenin as an infallible leader guiding the Bolsheviks to power in the name of the proletariat.  

It was a seizure of power rather than revolution from below, without mass support.  

Bolshevik Party had gained support mainly due to the lack of support given to the weak provisional government 

“There was something essentially totalitarian about Lenin himself.” ‐ Lynch 

  “ In his guidance of the uprising, Lenin’s genius as a leader of the masses, a wise and fearless strategist, who clearly saw what direction the revolution would take, was strikingly revealed.” 

‐ GD Obichkin  

“October was a classic coup d’état, the capture of governmental authority by a small band … with a show of mass participation, but with hardly any mass involvement. “ ‐ Richard Pipes 

“ The October Revolution emerges as very much more that a conspiratorial coup d’état. By then the central political issue was that of soviet power.” 

‐ Edward Acton