StandardMatter 9.9 – Use the periodic table to determine the properties of an element.Student Friendly Language – I can read the elements on the periodic table of elements I can look at the periodic table and identify the properties/characteristics of each element based on

its location on the table.

Great resource - http://www.chem4kids.com/files/elem_pertable.html

Vocabulary (all will be defined in text)MetalNonmetalMetalloidAlkali MetalAlkaline Earth MetalTransition MetalHalogenNoble GasAtomic MassAtomic NumberPeriod/RowGroup/Family/Column

Valence Electron – the electrons in the outermost orbital. The movement of these electrons between atoms is responsible for chemical bonding

Determining properties by Family (look at the image above for this section) You should know the basic properties of 5 groups of elementsAlkali Metals:

Group 1 on the far left (does not include Hydrogen) Have 1 valence electron. Highly reactive and rarely found in nature Metals at room temperature. 6 Elements – lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs) and francium (Fr)

Alkaline Earth Metals: Group 2, just to the right of alkali metals. 2 valence electrons. Still reactive but not as reactive as the Alkali metals. These are sometimes found in their pure form in nature 6 elements - beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba) and radium (Ra)

Transition Metals Groups 3 – 11 in the middle of the Periodic Table. Different numbers of valence electrons. Metals at room temperature except for mercury (Hg) Good conductors of heat and electricity, malleable, shiny, and are not very reactive. They still react with other elements

o Not as reactive as the Halogens, Alkali Metals, or Alkaline Earth Metals. These metals are what we consider as metals in our daily lives.

o Copper (Cu), gold (Au), silver (Ag), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), titanium (Ti), zinc (Zn)

Halogens Group 17 (2nd group from the right). Have 7 valence electrons (so they need 1 to fill their outer orbital. Highly reactive and usually react with the alkali metals. All nonmetals and are usually gases at room temperature. 5 elements – fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At)

Noble Gases Group 18 all the way on the right side of the table. Inert, non-reactive gases. Full outer orbitals with 8 valence electrons Commonly found as pure substances in the atmosphere. 6 elements - helium, neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and radon (Rn)

Reading the Periodic TableGroups:

Also called families Down in columns All have similar chemical properties

Periods: Across in rows Increasing atomic number NOT SIMILAR IN CHEMICAL

PROPERTIESReading an element:

Atomic numbero Number of protonso Smaller of the 2 numberso Periodic table organized in increasing atomic numbero Also the number of electrons in an atom of that element

Atomic masso Number of protons + neutronso Larger of the 2 numbers

Chemical symbolo Represented with capital letter, and maybe a lowercase lettero Usually similar to name but not always

Metals, Non-metals, Metalloids Metals:

Located on left and middle of table Shiny, metallic, malleable (bendy like wire), conductive Usually loose electrons to non-metals when bonding

Non-Metals: Located on the right side of table Also includes hydrogen at top left Brittle, usually gases, good insulators Usually gain electrons from metals when bonding

Metalloids: Located diagonally in middle-right side, separating the metals and nonmetals. Have properties of both metals and nonmetals

Practice Questions

1. What is the atomic number of bromine?

2. Which statement best describes the reactivity of the shaded elements nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), and fluorine (F)?

a. The nonmetals increase in reactivity from right to left in the same periodb. Oxygen is the most reactive of all the elements listedc. The nonmetals decrease in reactivity from right to left in the same periodd. Fluorine is the least reactive of all the shaded elements

3. The symbols W, X, Y, and Z represent four elements shown on the outline of a periodic table. Which one element is classified as a metal?

a. Wb. Xc. Yd. Z

4. Which element from period 2 has the lowest atomic mass? (use your periodic table from question 6)

a. Lib. Bec. Cad. Ne

5. Based on their locations on the Periodic table, which two elements share the most similar chemical properties? (use the periodic table in question 6)

a. K and Krb. Be and Ba

c. S and Snd. H and I

6. In this periodic table below, some elements are shaded

Which element is the heaviest?a. Helium (He)b. Neon (Ne)

c. Argon (Ar)d. Krypton (Kr)

7. A periodic table is shown below

A property that the elements Fe, Co, and Ni have in common is that they are alla. Chemically inertb. Halogensc. Transition metalsd. Poor electrical conductors

8. Based on their locations in the periodic table, which element has chemical properties most similar to those of calcium, Ca? (use the periodic table in question 7)

a. Beryllium, Beb. Potassium, Kc. Titanium, Tid. Yttrium, Y

9. An element appears in the far right column of the periodic table. What can you conclude about the element based on this information

a. It is a solidb. It is a liquid and a metalc. It is a metalloidd. It is a nonmetal and a gas

10. An element is an alkali metal. What are some properties of the elementa. The element is a nonreactive gasb. The element is a highly reactive metalc. The element has 2 valence electronsd. The element is a highly reactive gas

11. The diagram below shows a section of columns 13-18 of the periodic table. Which element has the greatest atomic mass?

a. Helium (He)b. Argon (Ar)c. Aluminum (Al)d. Neon (Ne)

12. 2 atoms walk up to each other in the park. One atom says, “I lost my electron.” The other atom says…

Answers: 9.91. 352. C3. D4. A5. B6. D7. C8. A9. D10. B11. B12. “Are you positive?”