mr ken davey biogas & bioenergy fiji - pacific...

Mr Ken Davey

Biogas & Bioenergy Fiji

Director: Bioenergy & Bioeconomy Development;

Ra Provincial Development Company Ltd

Fiji Mobile: +679 835 2157

Email: [email protected]

Skype: kendavey10

Biogas:

& bioenergy; the proven pathway to the Pacific's energy

independence; & socioeconomic

potential

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•Bioenergy is no longer an emerging energy platform

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•The suite of bioenergy technologies are sophisticated & fully proven

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•And have been implemented at large, National scales

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•orders of magnitude larger than the Pacific's energy demands

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•Proven socioeconomic outcomes are unmatched by any other energy platform

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•Bioenergy is now a ‘must-do’, ‘first-order’ energy response for the Pacific

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•The Pacific Community must be supported to take control of its

energy future;

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•using its indigenous energy resources

•if its to achieve its socioeconomic potential

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•Will the SPC play a role in realising this future?

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•If there is any doubts as to how others view bioenergy consider this

23% total energy for 90mil people from bioenergy

Supporting one of the most industrialised nations on earth

Germany’s potential 2050 energy mix

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•Bioenergy is supported at every level of government

Takeout messages •DBFZ; 179 Scientists working on: Bioenergy Systems, Biochemical Conversion, Thermochemical Conv; & Biorefineries

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•For the Pacific, the transformation to a bioenergy future will begin in the Ra Province

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•Ra Province needs & deserves support to realise the full potential of this opportunity

What is

bioenergy?

What is Bioenergy

•Energy derived from the biosphere

•The living part of the planet

What is Bioenergy

•Fiji & Pacific are blessed with energy dense biospheres

What is Bioenergy

•Importing energy into these energy dense biospheres is akin to importing ice into Iceland

What is Bioenergy

•There are different types of bioenergy

–Biogas

–Biomass to liquids

–Fuel pellets

Biogas

What is Biogas?

•Biogas is a methane rich gas similar to natural gas

•Principal combustible element - methane

•Same as natural gas

Can be as high as 75% CH4

How is biogas produced?


•Natural biological process - Anaerobic Digestion (AD)


•AD passive biological process where organic material is converted into two products

–Biogas

–Digestate


•AD is as old as time itself

•Modern biogas plants harness, control, & optimise this biological process

Biogas:

Is just converted solar energy

Biogas is converted solar energy

•Plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide & water into organic material – biomass


•Naturally occurring anaerobic microorganisms convert this biomass into biogas & digestate


•This organic biomass can be processed as an energy crop;

•or in any waste form

Substrates

•Substrates is the term used to describe what goes into a biogas plant

•The organic biomass

Organic substrates

Organic substrates

• Sugar cane residues • Sugar production

wastes (liquid & solid) • Energy crops (annuals &

perennials) • Manures • Poultry litters • Native vegetation

(native biomass) • Food wastes (liquid &

solid) • Food processing wastes

(liquid & solid)

• Slaughter house wastes (all livestock - all wastes)

• Distillery wastes (liquid and solid)

• Crop residues • By-products from ethanol

& biodiesel production • Organic fraction of urban,

commercial, & industrial sourced wastes

• Sewage sludge's & grease wastes

• Fish processing wastes (liquid and solid)

•These substrates can be co-digested within one multi-substrate biogas plant

Organic substrates

•Energy in substrates recovered as biogas

•All nutrients recovered in digestate

•There is no waste

Organic substrates

Typical Schematic of an AD Biogas Renewable Energy Scheme

1

Multiple

Substrates

Digestate

Biogas

Biogas:

The most flexible form of all

renewable energies

Biogas – flexible renewable energy

•Biogas can be used as-produced

•Cogen / Trigen

Cogeneration

Trigeneration

Cogen Trigen embedded

• Cogen & Trigen embedded within industries that require large amounts of thermal energy

Biomethane & gas grids:

For Supercharged flexibility

Biomethane

•Biomethane is upgraded biogas

•It’s biogas with the CO2 removed

Biomethane

•Whatever you can do with natural gas and LPG;

•you can do with renewable biomethane produced 100% from local biomass

Biomethane

•For Fiji, biomethane can support reticulated gas to businesses & homes

Biomethane

•Fiji only has one mass energy transfer system;

•the electricity grid

Biomethane

•There is entirely too much emphasis on electricity in Fiji

•Too much is expected from the electricity grid

Biomethane

•At some point;

•a stand-alone electricity grid; with no effective competition or support;

Biomethane

•becomes an impediment to economic growth

Biomethane

•Energy can be transported through a pipe more efficiently than through poles & wires

Biomethane

•Energy can be transported through a pipe at a fraction of the cost

Biomethane

•Strategic interconnectedness between gas and electricity grids;

Biomethane

•greatly enhances outcomes from both services

Biomethane:

An efficient transport fuel

Biomethane

•Biomethane has a wide application as a transport fuel

It’s all been done before:

at much larger scales than is required to

support energy independence for the

Pacific

German biogas sector

•In 2012,German biogas sector looked like this

•7,500 biogas plants

•predominantly agricultural based systems


Energy crops

Liquid & solid manures

Food waste

•3,350MW in electrical generation capacity

•Fiji has 250MW


•2012 – delivered 22,800GWh of electricity into the grid

•27 x the 823GWh generated by all gen sources in Fiji 2012


•This is baseload renewables on a whole-of-Country scale

•Produced 100% from local biomass

Plus thermal energy

•Billions of kWh of co-generated thermal energy used in support of:

–Domestic

–Commercial

–Industrial

Plus biomethane

•Biomethane is fastest growing sector

•2030 – 10 billion cubic meters of biomethane into the gas grid

German biogas economics

•€7.3billion in annual turnover (FJD$19B)

•45,000 skilled jobs

•materialising in rural & regional areas

European biogas economics

•Germany is just one of 31 Euro biogas Countries

•14,000 plants 8,000MWe

•Rapidly increasing use for transport

•80,000 plus jobs

And now its been done at large

scale in the wet tropics

Thailand

8,800MW (63%) from biogas & biomass

Thailand

9,700MW (99%) from biogas & biomass

Thailand

About 1.7mil litres/day

Thailand

•Secure domestic power supply

•Substitution of LPG and CNG

•Secure income for rural communities by supporting farmers to plant & sell energy crops

Why?

• …….. to encourage local farmers to form community-based enterprises or cooperatives to cultivate energy crops as feedstock for these biogas power plants. With the aim of supporting local value creation and by means of raising farmers’ income

Why?

Malaysia

Bioeconomy Transformation Programme

•Press release June 2014

•Malaysia to Become the Biogas Hub of Asia

Malaysia

•Driven by BiotechCorp

•an incorporated entity owned by the Minister of Finance & Federal Lands Commissioner

Malaysia

•Governed by the Biotechnology Implementation Council

•Advised by the Biotechnology International Advisory Panel

•Chaired by the Honourable Prime Minister

Malaysia

• ….BiotechCorp’s Chief Operating Officer, ……..

pointed out that BiotechCorp as a Bio-Industry

developer will accelerate and enhance the

growth of the bio-based industry, particularly

the biogas industry. He highlighted that biogas

and its subset have been identified as the

crux of our biofuel focus and is an important

cluster under the National Key Economic Area

(NKEA) and Bioeconomy Transformation

Programme (BTP)

Malaysia

• Malaysia consumed about 9.0 billion m3 of Natural Gas in 2013. ……..the industrial sector consumes slightly above 50% and utilizing biogas will feed half of the needs of the industrial sector

Malaysia

•Together; Thailand & Malaysia will have a bioenergy industry that rivals Europe

•What supports this?

Thailand & Malaysia

The power of tropical biomass

8 days

35 days

4 days

60 days

41.4cents/litre diesel equivalent

•Ag waste resource example

•Tops & trash are currently harvested but not collected

Power of tropical biomass

•1,000 tonnes of tops & trash can deliver an energy equivalency of 125,000 – 155,000 litres of diesel

Power of tropical biomass

Biomass to liquids

BTL

•Biomass to liquids (BTL) is a form of bioenergy

•BTL is in essence a two stage process

BTL

•The first stage involves the thermal deconstruction of biomass

BTL

•Through gasification, biomass is converted into synthesis gas (syngas)

BTL

•The main constituents of syngas are H2 & CO

BTL

•The syngas can be used as a combustible gas;

•or for catalytic based processes;

•or both

BTL

•These catalytic based processes reconstruct the syngas into other products

BTL

•These other products include liquid biofuels

BTL

Solid imported oil

BTL

•This, and other complimentary technologies, will allow the Pacific to bypass the landfill era

Fuel pellets

•Solid version of diesel

•Refined fuel

•Energy dense

•Energy stable

Fuel pellets

•Easily storable

•delivering high levels of supply chain risk mitigation

Fuel pellets

•Can be automatically dispensed

Fuel pellets

•Rapidly expanding globally

•20mil tonne/year industry with around 50% internationally traded

Fuel pellets

•Can be made from green, background vegetation;

•just managing the Pacific garden

Fuel pellets

•Can also be made from a wide range of residues & waste materials

Fuel pellets

Fuel pellets vs. imported diesel/HFO Diesel/HFO calculation inputs • Energy content of diesel/HFO - 10.5kWh/L • Diesel fuelled boiler efficiency - 85% • Cost - 200cents/L

Calculation • 10.5kWh/L x .85 boiler efficiency = 8.925kWh of

thermal energy/L • 200cents/L ÷ 8.925kWh = 22.408 cents/kWh

of thermal energy

Fuel pellets

Fuel pellet calculation inputs • Energy content - 4.9kWh/kg (to be

confirmed) • Pellet fuelled boiler efficiency - 85% • Cost - 25cents/kg (estimate)

Calculation • 4.9kWh/kg x .85 boiler efficiency = 4.165kWh

of thermal energy/kg • 25cents/kg ÷ 4.165kWh = 6.002cents/kWh

of thermal energy

Fuel pellets

Development of Ra Province based on a

Circular Bioeconomy

Ra Province

•1,341km2

•Largely un/under-developed

Ra Province

•Poorest of Fiji’s 14 provinces

•>50% of 30,000 live in poverty

Ra Province

•Blessed with:

– rich volcanic soils,

– abundant water,

– prolific biomass potential

Ra Province

•Through the sustainable development & use of these natural blessings;

•Ra’s transformation is assured

The Transformation of Ra

Transformation of Ra

•Ra, like the Pacific, largely based on a throughput economy


•Energy, goods & services flow in & money flows out


•This is counterintuitive & counterproductive to socioeconomic development


•Ra’s future to be based on a new

‘Circular Bioeconomy’


•Ra’s Circular Bioeconomy based on the globally proven principals;


•Material Flow Management (MFM)

•Circular Economy (CE)

•Local value adding (LVA)


•MFM is about optimising the flow & use of everything that’s materially influential to an outcome


•A CE expands & enhances socioeconomic outcomes by circularising material flows


•LVA expands the CE & Material Flows


•These circularised & optimised material flows include:

Energy

Carbon

Nutrients

Water


Food

Money

Skills

Labour

Services

& much much more


•MFM, CE & LVA stand as a proven paradigm shift in socioeconomic development


•Especially for developing regions


•For Ra; we are looking at multiple, interconnected platforms


•with optimised

Material Flows,

& LVA between those platforms


•Cropping platforms

Food crops (human)

Feed crops (livestock)

Energy crops


•Intensive livestock platforms

Dairy

Beef

Pigs

Poultry


•Food processing platforms

Livestock

Vegetative


•Bioenergy platforms

Biogas & biomethane

Fuel Pellets

Biomass to liquids

Ethanol

Biochar


•All platforms optimised through material/energy flow management


•Invited to present at the International Circular Economy Week in Birkenfeld Germany


•The Institute for Applied Material Flow Management (IfaS)


•IfaS team headed by 7 professors & around 40 staff

•along with various interns & student assistants


•IfaS has undertaken hundreds RE & MFM Master-Plans as the basis for creating local Circular Economies


•IfaS literally wrote the book on implementing Bioenergy Villages & Regions

•Signed an MOU with IfaS to undertake a RE & MFM Master-Plan for the Ra Province

Why the SPC should support

this Master-Plan process

SPC Support

•IfaS has developed sophisticated socioeconomic modelling capabilities

SPC Support

•Based on hundreds of RE & MFM Master-Plans & hundreds of implemented Circular Economies

SPC Support

•IfaS can use this modelling to predict the socioeconomic outcomes of a CE before its implemented

SPC Support

•This is crucial in driving investment & support

•& engaging interested commercial stakeholders

SPC Support

•What is learnt through this Ra Master-Plan process can be replicated throughout the Pacific

SPC Support

•Welcome the opportunity to talk to the SPC about this in detail

SPC Support

•Including the game-changing higher education links IfaS has placed on the table

Thank you

Mr Ken Davey

Biogas & Bioenergy Fiji

Director: Bioenergy & Bioeconomy Development;

Ra Provincial Development Company Ltd

Fiji Mobile: +679 835 2157

Email: [email protected]

Skype: kendavey10

mr ken davey biogas & bioenergy fiji - pacific...

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