mr. bermudez. identify the factors that contributed to kennedy’s election in 1960 describe the...
TRANSCRIPT
The New Frontier and the Great SocietyChapter 28
Mr. Bermudez
Section 1: Kennedy and the Cold War
Identify the factors that contributed to Kennedy’s election in 1960
Describe the new military policy of the Kennedy administration
Summarize the crisis that developed over Cuba
Explain the Cold War symbolism of Berlin in the early 1960’s
Crash Course
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lkXFb1sMa38
The Election of 1960
Restlessness in the US
Economic Recession
Sputnik I Launched- 1957
USSR develops long-range missiles
Fear that United States is falling behind
Candidates
Democrat= Mass. Senator John F. Kennedy
Republican= Vice President Richard M. Nixon
Similar positions on policy issues
Kennedy: television and Civil Rights
The Televised Debate Affects Votes
September 26th 1960
70 million TV viewers
Americans Politics: Television Age
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gbrcRKqLSRw
Kennedy and Civil Rights
Martin Luther King Jr. arrested in Oct. 1960
Pres. Eisenhower refused to get involved
Nixon no comment
JFK calls Coretta Scott King to express sympathy
African Americans support Kennedy
The Camelot Years
Election of 1960 closest in US History
Won by less than 119,000 votes
New Era at the White House: Grace, Elegance, and Wit
“And so, my fellow Americans, Ask not what your country can do for you-ask what you can do for your country”-JFK
Young couple- charmed America
Read the Primary Source
Pair up with the person next to you
Read the P.S
Answer the follow up questions
Kennedy Mystique
First family fascinated the public
Kennedy: Read 1,600 words each minute
Jacqueline: Fashion and Culture
Caroline and John: Young children
Modern day Camelot
The Best and Brightest
Kennedy: Surrounds himself with “best and Brightest”
Top advisor: Robert Kennedy
McGeorge Bundy- National Security Advisor
Robert McNamara- Secretary of Defense
Dean Rusk- Secretary of State
New Military Policy
Kennedy: Eisenhower Administration not done enough with the Soviet threat
Communist gained support in less developed countries- 3rd World
Blasted Republicans for not stopping Cuba
Defining the Military Strategy Nation’s nuclear strategy
Against: massive retaliation
Flexible Response: Increase defense spending, non-nuclear forces- Special Forces/Green Berets
Tripled nuclear capabilities
Allowed us to fight small conflicts around the world
Crisis Over Cuba
90 miles off the coast of US
Two weeks before JFK takes office
Fidel Castro: Communist leader of Cuba and welcomed soviet aid
Cuban Dilemma
Castro: gained power by promising democracy
“Revolutionaries are not born, they are made by poverty, inequality, and dictatorship.”
Cuba seized 3 US and British oil refineries
Castro broke up commercial farms into communes
American Sugar plantations control 75% of land
Bay of Pigs
March 1960- Eisenhower gave permission for an invasion of Cuba
JFK learns only 9 days after inauguration
Bay of Pigs: April 17th, 1961. 1,300-1,500 Cuban exiles land on Cuba’s shores (Bay of Pigs).
Complete failure.
Americans “look like fools to our friends, rascals to our enemies, and incompetents to the rest”
Cuban Missile Crisis
Soviets: promise to arm Cuba
US: Would not allow offensive nuclear weapons in Cuba
Photo graphs confirm missiles in Cuba
US: Any attack from Cuba would result on all out nuclear war with Soviet Union
Reading Like a Historian
Read Documents A-C
Work with your classmates
Answer all questions which relate
RLH Debrief
According to these documents, what deal did the U.S. strike with the U.S.S.R.?
Why was this deal kept secret?
Is this deal mentioned in the classroom textbook?
Why might the textbook not have mentioned this deal?
Who seems more scared or on the defensive in this documents?
What does this event show you about how people felt during the Cold War?
Resolution
Soviets avoid confrontation on sea
Nikita Khrushchev: Voluntarily removes missiles from Cuba
JFK: Removes missiles from Turkey
JFK and Khrushchev
Khrushchev: crisis severely destroyed prestige
JFK: practicing brinkmanship, missed opportunity to invade Cuba
Cuban-Americans: not supportive of Democrats.
Crisis over Berlin
JFK: Determination to contain communism
Berlin Wall: 1961 concrete wall constructed with barbed wires on top. Severed city in two.
Berlin Crisis
3 Million East Germans, 20% of population, flee to West Berlin
Refugees advertise failure of the Communist government
Weakened economy.
Construct wall to end flow of East Germans
Symbol of Communist oppression
Ease the tensions
Cold War: brought the world too close to nuclear destruction.
Hot Line: dedicated phone line allows for both countries to have communication during a crisis
Limited Test Ban Treaty: Barred nuclear testing in the atmosphere
Geography Application: Divided Germany and the Berlin Wall
Please read the short passage
Take a look at the map
Answer questions 1-7
Complete for homework
Section 2: The New Frontier
Summarize the New Frontier domestic and foreign agendas
Describe the tragic chain of events surrounding Kennedy’s assassination
The Promise of Progress
“We stand today on the edge of a New Frontier”
Americans: be “new pioneers” and explore “uncharted areas of science and space , unconquered pockets of ignorance and prejudice, unanswered questions of poverty and surplus.”-JFK
New Frontier: JFK’s attempt to transform and see progress within science, technology, social, and economic terms.
Resistance
Conservative Republicans and Southern Democrats – blocked Truman's Fair Deal
Popular Margin: a clear indication that voters approved of an individuals plans.
JFK won by small margin- he lacks popular margin
Stimulating the Economy
1960 has a recession
What is a recession? How does this impact the American morale?
1960 unemployment=6% this was highest since WWII
Deficit Spending: Gov. spends more than it takes in.
Goal: Increase spending and Lower taxes – help stimulate economy
Addressing Poverty Abroad
Peace Corps: Volunteer assistance to developing nations of Asia, Africa, and Latin America
Alliance for Progress: Offered economic and technical assistance to Latin American countries
Between 1961-1969 US invests $12 Billion in Latin America
STOP THE SPREAD OF COMMUNISM.
Race to the Moon
April 12th 1961- Soviet Cosmonaut Yuri A. Gagarin – first human in space
May 5th 1961- US Astronaut Alan Shepard – first American in space.
“Space Race”-JFK
July 20th 1969- US lands on the moon- Neil Armstrong
“One small step for man, one giant leap for
mankind”
Addressing Domestic Issues
Should the US send aid to other countries when so many suffer here?
The Other America- Michael Harrington- poverty within America- shocking that 50 million people scraped by on less than $1,000 person
Segregation battles
Tragedy in Dallas
Nov. 22nd 1963- JFK shot in the head
Lyndon Baines Johnson takes oath on Air Force One
Lee Harvey Oswald accused of killing President
Jack Ruby shot Oswald
Unanswered Questions
Warren Commission: 1963 investigation of the incident- concluded that Oswald acted alone
Conspiracy theories continue to surface
Significance: structure of government very sturdy.
Similar crisis would have crippled dictatorship
Section 3: The Great Society
Describe the political path that led LBJ to the White House
Explain Johnsons efforts to enact a domestic agenda
Summarize the goals of Johnson’s Great Society
Identify the reforms of the Warren Court
Evaluate the impact of the Great Society
LBJ’s Path to Power
Lyndon Baines Johnson (LBJ) – Texas
Enter politics in 1937 US House of Representatives- “New Dealer”
FDR took him under his wing
Master Politician
JFK sees an opportunity to have him on the ticket
Domestic Agenda Johnson urged Congress to pass civil rights
and tax cuts- in honor of JFK
Tax Cut Bill of 1964: Congress cuts taxes by 10 Billion- stimulates the economy- Businesses thrive- tax revenues cut government deficit from $6billion to $4 billion.
Civil Rights Act of 1964: Prohibited discrimination based upon race, religion, national origin, and sex.
The War on Poverty
Economic Opportunity Act (EOA) 1964- approved 1 billion for youth programs, anti-poverty measures, small business loans, and job training.
Job Corps Youth Training Program VISTA (Volunteers In Service Training
Program) Project Head Start Community Action Program
Election of 1964
Democrat: LBJ
Republican: Barry Goldwater
Many Americans support LB’s programs
Popular vote goes to LBJ
Wins 486 electoral votes, Goldwater only 52
Democratic majority
Daisy Girl Ad
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Id_r6pNsus
Building the Great Society
Great Society: LBJ’s vision for America. End poverty and racial injustice. Higher standard of living and equal opportunity. Promote a richer quality of life overall.
Education
“the key which can unlock the door to the Great Society”-LBJ
Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965: provided $1 billion to help schools buy new textbooks and library materials
Opened the door for federal aid in education
Healthcare
Medicare: provided hospital insurance and low-cost medical insurance for almost every American age 65 or older
Medicaid: extended health insurance to welfare recipients
Programs reflected an expanding role of federal government
Housing
Low rent public housing
Help low-moderate income families pay for better private housing
Robert Weaver: African American appointed as secretary of the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)
Immigration
1920’s immigration laws discriminated against all non-western Europeans
Immigration Act of 1965: opened the door for many non-European immigrants Asian
The Environment
Water Quality Act of 1965: required states to clean up rivers
Air Quality Act of 1965: set air pollution guidelines
Consumer Protection
Truth in Packaging Act of 1966: set standards for labeling consumer goods
Reforms of the Warren Court
Chief Justice Earl Warren: took activist stance on leading issues of the day
Warren Court: banned prayer in school, declared state-required loyalty oaths are unconstitutional
Brown v. BOE
Congressional Reappointment
By 1960 80% of Americans live in cities or suburbs
Many states failed to change congressional districts to reflect this
Voters in rural America have more representation
Reappointment: way in which states redrew election districts based upon changing # of people in them Baker v. Carr
Rights of the AccusedMapp v. Ohio (1961) illegally seized evidence could not be used in court
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) courts must provide free counsel
Escobedo v. Illinois (1964) accused has the right an attorney present when questioned by police
Miranda v. Arizona (1966) all suspects must be read their rights before questioning
Point and Counterpoint Read the Point and Counterpoint on pg. 898
Answer the following questions
What was significant about the way Johnson used government power?
How did the Great Society programs affect the awareness of social problems
Why was there a conservative backlash to the Great Society programs.
Do you think the Great Society was a success or a failure? Explain
Impact of the Great Society
The Great Society and the Warren Court changed the United States
No president in Post-WWII era extended the power and reach of the federal government more than LBJ
The War on Poverty helped, the Civil Rights initiative made a difference and the massive tax cuts spurred the economy
Reading Like a Historian
The Great Society
Great Society Speech
Source: What type of document is this and who is the audience?
Close reading: What is the message of this document?
Context: What sorts of government programs do you think President Johnson would support, based on this document
Great Society Programs
Which of these programs have you heard of?
Which programs do you think have been successful? How would you measure whether these programs were successful?
How is the Great Society like the New Deal? How is it different
LBJ Documentary
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rDeBd1j7sCM
What is our mission?Was the Great Society successful?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EClpFLDrK0g
Reading Like a Historian
Read the Pro and the Con account
Discuss with your partners
Complete the organizer?
EQ: Was the Great Society successful?
What is Califano’s main argument? What is Sowell’s main argument?
What evidence does each use to support his claim?
Who do you find more convincing? Why?
How are some of these arguments being played out in today’s debates over economic recovery?