moving up to the cloud
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Marshall Breeding Independent Consult, Author, Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guides www.librarytechnology.org/ twitter.com/ mbreeding. Moving Up to the Cloud. Exploring the impact of Emerging Cloud Technologies in Libraries. Virginia Commonwealth University. Jan 9, 2013. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
MOVING UP TO THE CLOUDExploring the impact of Emerging Cloud Technologies in Libraries
Jan 9, 2013
Marshall BreedingIndependent Consult, Author, Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guideswww.librarytechnology.org/twitter.com/mbreeding
Virginia Commonwealth University
Services, Collections, Management
Libraries Redefined
Appropriate Automation Infrastructure
Current automation products out of step with current realities
Majority of library collection funds spent on electronic content
Majority of automation efforts support print activities Management of e-content continues with inadequate
supporting infrastructure New discovery solutions help with access to e-
content Library users expect more engaging socially aware
interfaces for Web and mobile
Key Context: Libraries in Transition Academic Shift from Print > Electronic
E-journal transition largely complete Circulation of print collections slowing E-books now in play (consultation > reading)
Public: Emphasis on Patron Engagement Increased pressure on physical facilities Increased circulation of print collections Dramatic increase in interest in e-books
All libraries: Need better tools for access to complex multi-format
collections Strong emphasis on digitizing local collections Demands for enterprise integration and interoperability
Key Context: Technologies in transition
Client / Server > Web-based computing Natively social computing
Integration of social computing into core infrastructure
Local computing shifting to cloud platforms Application Service Provider offerings standard New expectations for multi-tenant software-as-a-
service Full spectrum of devices
full-scale / net book / tablet / mobile Mobile the current focus, but is only one example of
device and interface cycles
Key Context: Changed expectations in metadata management Moving away from individual record-by-record creation Life cycle of metadata
Metadata follows the supply chain, improved and enhanced along the way as needed
Manage metadata in bulk when possible E-book collections
Highly shared metadata E-journal knowledge bases (KnowledgeWorks / 360 Core)
Great interest in moving toward semantic web and open linked data Very little progress in linked data for operational systems AACR2 > RDA MARC > RDF: Bibliographic Framework Transition Initiative
http://www.loc.gov/marc/transition/
Key Context: Research Data Academic libraries have increased library
involvement with research data Facilitate data management plans for
research projects Lend Library expertise to organization
and management Preservation
Surging Interest in the Semantic Web
Open Linked Data Bibliographic data sets released through
Creative Commons Public Domain License (CC0) Europeana, Harvard, etc.
Databases that natively manage RDF triple stores
Currently at Early stages of introducing semantic technologies in discovery
Relational databases continue to power business systems
Cooperation and Resource sharing
Efforts on many fronts to cooperate and consolidate
Many regional consortia merging (Example: suburban Chicago systems)
State-wide or national implementations Software-as-a-service or “cloud” based
implementations Many libraries share computing
infrastructure and data resources
Beyond “Cloudwashing” Cloud as marketing hype Cloud computing used very freely,
tagged to almost any virtualized environment
Any arrangement where the library relies on some kind of remote hosting environment for major automation components
Includes almost any vendor-hosted product offering
Example: ASP now Software-as-a-Service
Cloud computing – characteristics
Web-based Interfaces Externally hosted Pricing: subscription or utility Highly abstracted computing model Provisioned on demand Scaled according to variable needs Elastic – consumption of resources can
contract and expand according to demand
Gartner Hype Cycle 2009
Gartner Hype Cycle 2010
Gartner Hype Cycle 2011
Gartner Hype Cycle 2012
Fundamental technology shift Mainframe computing Client/Server Cloud Computing
http://www.flickr.com/photos/carrick/61952845/http://soacloudcomputing.blogspot.com/2008/10/cloud-computing.html
http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-10-2001/jw-1019-jxta.html
Data as a service General opportunity to move away from library-
by-library metadata management to globally shared workflows
Shared knowledge bases E-resource holdings Bibliographic services Linked data applications
Key Issues Data ownership Creative commons license Data portability across competing providers
Cloud computing trends for libraries Increased migration away from local
computing toward some form of remote / hosted / virtualized alternative
Cloud computing especially attractive to libraries with few technology support personnel
Adequate bandwidth will continue to be a limiting factor
Relevant trends No technical limitations on scalability of
infrastructure General move toward ever larger
implementations of automation infrastructure
National infrastructure (beginning with smaller countries)
US: Statewide and regional projects
Personnel Distribution
Server Administration
Application maintenance
Staff client software updates
Operational tasks
Application configuration or profiling
Operational tasks
Local Computing Cloud Computing
Budget Allocations
Server Purchase Server
Maintenance Application
software license Data Center
overhead Energy costs Facility costs
Annual Subscription Measured
Service? Fixed fees
Factors Hosting Software Licenses Optional modules
Local Computing Cloud Computing
Benefits of Cloud Computing
Elimination of capital expenses for equipment
Lower annual costs
Redeployment of technical staff to more meaningful activities
Higher revenues relative to software-only arrangements
Provision of infrastructure at scale with lower unit costs
Longer-term relationships with customers
Libraries Providers / Vendors
Is the status quo sustainable? ILS for management of (mostly) print Duplicative financial systems between library and campus Electronic Resource Management (non-integrated with ILS) OpenURL Link Resolver w/ knowledge base for access to
full-text electronic articles Digital Collections Management platforms (CONTENTdm,
DigiTool, etc.) Institutional Repositories (DSpace, Fedora, etc.) Discovery-layer services for broader access to library
collections No effective integration services / interoperability among
disconnected systems, non-aligned metadata schemes
Integrated Library Systems Model for library automation since
1970’s Modules
Circulation Cataloging Acquisitions Serials Authority Control Public Catalog
Oriented to Print / Physical Materials
ILS now restricts Innovation Business models hard-coded in ILS no
longer represent current library realities Force disproportionate levels of
personnel attention toward print Personnel involved in non-print areas
forced to work on other platforms Libraries now organized around
idiosyncrasies of the ILS
Library Organization
Circulation Cataloging Acquisitions Serials Interlibrary Loan Reserves Electronic resources Digital Collections
Fulfillment Collection
Management Research Services
Integrated Library System
Library Services Platforms
New Organizational Options Fulfillment
Discovery Social engagement Delivery (all media and formats) Dynamic procurement: demand-driven acquisitions, peer institutions,
unaffiliated institutions Blended processes to deliver library content to users (local, remote,
owned, licensed, etc.) Collection Management
Local + shared collections Global Metadata Curation Preservation
Research Services Support for library collections Involvement with research data
LMS / ERM: Fragmented Model
Circulation
BIB
Staff Interfaces:
Holding / Items
CircTransactUserVendor Policies$$$
Funds
CatalogingAcquisitionsSerials OnlineCatalog
Public Interfaces:
Application Programming Interfaces`
LicenseManagement
LicenseTerms
E-resourceProcurement
VendorsE-JournalTitles
Protocols: CORE
Consolidated indexUnified Presentation LayerSearch:
Digital Coll
ProQuest
EBSCO…
JSTOR
Other Resource
s
New Library Management Model
`API Layer
Library Services Platform
LearningManageme
nt
Enterprise ResourcePlanning
StockManagement
Self-Check /
Automated Return
Authentication
Service
Smart Cad /
Payment systems
Discovery
Service
Comprehensive Resource Management No longer sensible to use different
software platforms for managing different types of library materials
ILS + ERM + OpenURL Resolver + Digital Asset management, etc. very inefficient model
Flexible platform capable of managing multiple type of library materials, multiple metadata formats, with appropriate workflows
Libraries need a new model of library automation Not an Integrated Library System or Library
Management System The ILS/LMS was designed to help libraries
manage print collections Generally did not evolve to manage electronic
collections Other library automation products evolved:
Electronic Resource Management Systems – OpenURL Link Resolvers – Digital Library Management Systems -- Institutional Repositories
Library Services Platform Library-specific software. Designed to help libraries
automate their internal operations, manage collections, fulfill requests, and deliver services
Services Service oriented architecture Exposes Web services and other API’s Facilitates the services libraries offer to their users
Platform General infrastructure for library automation Consistent with the concept of Platform as a Service Library programmers address the APIs of the platform to
extend functionality, create connections with other systems, dynamically interact with data
Library Services Platform Characteristics
Highly Shared data models Knowledgebase architecture Some may take hybrid approach to accommodate local
data stores Delivered through software as a service
Multi-tenant Unified workflows across formats and media Flexible metadata management
MARC – Dublin Core – VRA – MODS – ONIX New Bibliographic Framework New structures not yet invented
Open APIs for extensibility and interoperability
Metadata Management ILS: Encourages local practice
Record customization Many libraries make similar local changes Copy Cataloging model: isolated
bibliographic databases LSP: Global perspective
Single, robust, high-quality record Globally shared knowledge base Options for local data elements in global
context
Library Services PlatformsCategory WorldShare
Management Services
Alma Intota Sierra Services Platform
Kuali OLE
Responsible Organization
OCLC. Ex Libris Serials Solutions
Innovative Interfaces, Inc
Kuali Foundation
Key precepts Global network-level approach to management and discovery.
Consolidate workflows, unified management: print, electronic, digital; Hybrid data model
Knowledgebase driven. Pure multi-tenant SaaS
Service-oriented architectureTechnology uplift for Millennium ILS. More open source components, consolidated modules and workflows
Manage library resources in a format agnostic approach. Integration into the broader academic enterprise infrastructure
Software model
Proprietary Proprietary
Proprietary Proprietary Open Source
Development ScheduleWorldShare Management Services
Alma Intota Sierra Services Platform
Kuali OLE
General Release in July 201138 now in production
Development partners now in Release 5General Release expected mid-2012
Phase I: Late in 2012;Libraries in production by 2014
Phase 1: Mid-2012 with full Millennium functionality; subsequent phases that expand model
Version 1.0 expected Dec 2012Partners begin migration in 2013
Development ResourcesCompany Dev Sup Sales Admin Other Total
Ex Libris 170 231 54 44 13 512Follett Software Company 87 143 86 49 0 365Innovative Interfaces, Inc. 83 158 43 24 3 311SirsiDynix Corporation 84 166 51 23 56 380Serials Solutions 80 50 46 4 57 237Axiell 57 66 34 35 34 226The Library Corporation 39 91 28 13 28 199Polaris Library Systems 27 42 15 2 86VTLS Inc. 24 48 12 8 18 110KohaByWater Solutions 3 12 3 3 1 13Catalyst IT 3 BibLibre 4 3 Koha Total (estimated) 15PTFS 5 16 8 8 155EvergreenEquinox Software 6 5 2 3 5 21
Development / Deployment perspective
Beginning of a new cycle of transition Over the course of the next decade,
academic libraries will replace their current legacy products with new platforms
Not just a change of technology but a substantial change in the ways that libraries manage their resources and deliver their services