moving people and freight in the urban environment
DESCRIPTION
Moving people and freight in the urban environment. Dr James Luk Chief Scientist, Transport Management & Safety. Contents. urban congestion network monitoring managing congestion for general traffic managing urban truck movements some observations. Road traffic system. Congestion. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
www.arrb.com.au Advancing safety and efficiency in transport through knowledge
research | consulting | technology
Moving people and freight in the urban environment
Dr James LukChief Scientist, Transport Management & Safety
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Contents
• urban congestion• network monitoring• managing congestion for general traffic• managing urban truck movements• some observations
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Road traffic system
Vehicle
Driver
Road infrastructure
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Congestion• more than 900,000 new cars in 2005• limited public sector road funds• severe recurrent congestion• incidents• more toll roads which can be congested• what are the congestion management
tools available?
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Network monitoring
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Network performance monitoring
• National Performance Indicators (NPI) - floating-car surveys
• real-time monitoring using loop sensors• real-time monitoring using automatic vehicle location
(AVL) technologies: vehicle tags, GPS, mobile phones
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Example – a.m. peak speed (km/h)
(Source: http://www.algin.net/austroads/)
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VicRoads freeway data
Duration of Peak Periods 2001 vs 2005
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Traffic volumes within each 15minute interval
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2005 2005
2001
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Monash Freeway – absolute change in volumes
by time of day against base year 2001
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Ab
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lte
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in a
vg. v
ol p
er s
ite
rela
tive
to
Bas
e Y
ear
2001
fo
r ea
ch 1
5min
ute
inte
rval
Freeways 2001Freeways 2002Freeways 2003Freeways 2004Freeways 2005
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ARRB research on arterial travel timesVALIDATION: Model vs VR Survey - Hoddle/Nepean Southbound AM
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Model VR Survey
VALIDATION: Model vs VR Survey - Hoddle/Nepean Southbound Bizhrs
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VALIDATION: Model vs VR Survey - Hoddle/Nepean Southbound PM
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Distance (m)
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Model VR Survey
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Congestion contours (Brisbane)
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AVL technologies, e.g. CityLink tags
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Managing congestion (general traffic)
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Enabling technologies
• Info & Com Tech (ICT) - short range tags DSRC- satellite GPS- mobile phone- GPS + mobile phone- Auto No. Plate Recognition
• image processing • sensors • smart cards
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Measures (general traffic)
• pricing• network operations and driver information• more integrated public transport
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Road pricing
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Congestion pricing
• Singapore 1975 : Toll S$3 ; -73% less traffic
• London 2003 : Toll £5 ; -20% less traffic
• Tehran ??• many other variants• effective for managing
congestion but still difficult to accept
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Car ownership costs
• ERP - S$100 m per year in Singapore (1999)• Premium from Certificate of Entitlement -
S$1,500 m per year (1999)• little doubt on which is the more effective tool• Shanghai is learning fast • but high car ownership costs in Australia has
serious implications
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Road network operations
• shift from time management, e.g. signals and ramp metering
• to better traffic distribution in time and space
• tools:- congestion pricing - traveller informationfrom network monitoring
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Network impact of traveller information
• road managers can achieve lower network delay with subscription level up to 30%
• individual subscribers get personalised guidance thus reducing own travel time
Content Delivery
Road managers and road
users
Network Speed (km/h)
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0 20 40 60 80 100 Market penetration (%)
Pre-trip In-car route guidance
benchmark
( = 0.12)
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Integrated public transport
• better and more pt service• smart cards• smart bus – real-time monitoring
and scheduling• better integration
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Five ways of integration
• physical integration
• network integration
• fare integration
• information integration
• institutional integration
infrastructureintegration
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Centroid ofOld Bus
Interchange
MRTCorridor
Centroid ofNew Bus
Interchange
MR
T C
on
cou
rse
(un
derg
rou
nd
)
~ 120m
Large infrastructure integration
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TrafficScan
GLIDE
traffic.smart
ERP
J-Eyes
EMAS
Bus fleetmanagement
Rail travelinformation
transit.smart
GeographicalInformation System
(RIMS)
Transportinformation hub
Electronictravel guide
Information integration
Network & institutional integration
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Managing urban truck movements
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Management of truck operations and access
• land use regulation• truck routes and access management
(urban IAP)• signal linking and other Intelligent Transport
Systems (ITS)• parking and loading control• truck bans
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Land use
• few green field sites• zoning - complementary land uses• relocation, e.g. freight terminals• urban renewal• infrastructure and access, e.g. East Link and Bunnings
Warehouse in Melbourne
There has been less urban truck movements due to better planning
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Truck routes - PBS road classification
Road class Close present vehicle description
Level 1 access (L1)
From passenger cars to 6-axle semi-trailer
Level 2 access (L2)
B-doubles,
Level 3 access (L3)
Type I Road Train
Level 4 access (L4)
Type II Road Train
NTC study by ARRB - based on road geometries, traffic engineering, vehicle dynamics and environmental considerations
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Benefits of a unified truck route framework
• harmonised and consistent guidelines
• truck operators are fully aware of which routes to use for different truck types
• more transparent in granting permits
• route continuities (or discontinuities)
• a network of ‘high productivity’ routes could be considered
• movements of hazardous goods can be accommodated.
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Lack of signal linking for trucks
Unimpededvehicles
Build-up of queue of
impeded vehicles
Slowly acceleratingvehicle
QUT research
‘red wave’
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Some observations
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Looking back• success stories:
- Internet, mobile phones - tolling technologies- safer cars & in-vehicle devices- smart cards
• potential recognised:- real-time ITS data - dynamic network operations- congestion pricing- interoperable tolling
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Looking back
• not so successful- system architecture- cost / benefit analysis- equity issue but look at HOT lanes- making money out of driver info- many players of different agenda
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Future and conclusions (2016)• more and better data • road pricing:
- more tolled roads- DSRC and satellite based- toll for extra capacity on existing roads- time-of-day pricing - real-time HV charging
• safer cars• more in-car devices• 3G networks with traffic contents• $3 per litre petrol
BUT congestion won’t go away