moving in circles
DESCRIPTION
How can we recognise uniform motion in a circle?What do we need to measure to find the speed of an object moving in uniform circular motion?What is meant by angular displacement and angular speed?TRANSCRIPT
Moving in Circles
What forces are on you when
you go around a corner?
Task
• Try and explain why a car skids when it goes around a corner too quickly.
Learning objectives• How can we recognise uniform motion in a
circle?
• What do we need to measure to find the speed of an object moving in uniform circular motion?
• What is meant by angular displacement and angular speed?
Objects which move in a circular path any suggestions?
The hammer swung by a hammer thrower
Clothes being dried in a spin drier
Chemicals being separated in a centrifuge
Cornering in a car or on a bike
A stone being whirled round on a string
A plane looping the loop
A DVD, CD or record spinning on its turntable
Satellites moving in orbits around the Earth A planet orbiting the Sun (almost circular orbit for many)
Many fairground rides An electron in orbit about a nucleus
The Wheel
The speed of the perimeter of each wheel is the same as the cyclists speed, provide that the wheel does not slip or skid.
r
If the cyclists speed remains constant, his wheels turn at a steady rate. An object turning at a steady rate is said to be in uniform circular motion
The circumference of the wheel = 2 π r
The frequency of rotation f = 1/T, T is the time for 1 rotation
The speed v of a point on the perimeter = circumference/ time for 1 rotation
V = (2 π r) / T = 2 π r f
Worked example p22
Angular displacementThe big wheel has a diameter of 130m and a full rotation takes 30 minutes (1800 seconds)
3600 / 1800 = 0.20 per second (2π radians)
20 in 10 seconds
200 in 100 seconds (π/18 radians)
900 in 450 seconds (π/2 radians)
The wheel will turn through an angle of (2 π/T) radians per second
T is the time for one complete rotation
The angular displacement (in radians) of the object in time t is therefore = 2 π t T
= 2 π f t
The angular speed (w) is defined as the angular displacement / time
w = 2 π f w is measured in radians per second (rad s-1)