MOVING FOWARD

Miss Fiorella Paredes

SUPERHEROES

SUPERHERO MOVIES

FUTURE TENSES

• Future Possibility and Probability Modals

Will have to, have to and must convey the idea that an action is going to be necessary in the near future. The negative forms are will not and do not have to. For example:

• The movie starts at 9:00 and it’s already 8:15. We will have to leave soon, or we will miss the beginning.

• There’s no hurry. The movie doesn’t start until 9:00, and it’s only 6:45. We do not have to leave for a while yet.

Should and ought to convey the idea that something is expected in the future. For example:

• As far as I know, the ferry is running on schedule. We should arrive in Vancouver in about an hour.

• Let’s stop by their house on the way home. They ought to be home by the time we get there.

Could, may or might convey the idea of future possibility. Of these, may expresses a stronger degree of certainty that an event will occur. For example:

• The temperature is dropping. It could snow during the night.

To convey the idea that a future event will possibly not take place, use may not or might not. Do not use could not.

• Correct: The temperature is rising. It may not snow tonight after all.

• Incorrect: The temperature is rising. It could not snow tonight after all.

Future tenses

There are several different ways in English that you can talk about the future:- Predictions/statements of fact- Intentions- Arrangements- Scheduled events

1. Predictions/statements of factThe auxiliary verb will is used in making predictions or simple statements of fact about the future.• The sun will rise at 6.30 tomorrow. • Lunch break today will be 10 minutes longer than usual.• In the year 2050 all students will have their own computers

in school.• If you help me, I will help you.• Do you think she will come soon?• You won't pass your exams if you don't start working harder.• I know my parents won't let me go to the party.• Will it snow for Christmas?• I know she's sick, but will she be back in school tomorrow?

Subjectwill or won’t +verb

rest of sentencePositive Negative

I / You / We / TheyHe / She / It

will see won’t seeyou tomorrow night

2. IntentionsThe auxiliary verb going to is used in talking about intentions. (An intention is a plan for the future that you have already thought about.)

• We're going to buy a new car next month. • I'm going to work in a bank when I leave school.• In the new year I'm going to stop eating so much junk.• He's not going to go to the dance. He's got too much work.• I'm not going to watch TV until my science project is finished.• Are you going to play basketball after school?• What are you going to have for lunch today?

SubjectForm of be + going to

base form of the verb

rest of sentencePositive Negative

I am going to am not going to

buysome clothes tomorrow

He / She / It is going to isn’t (is not)

going to

You / We / They

are going to

aren’t (are not) going to

3. Arrangements

The present continuous tense is used in talking about arrangements. (An arrangement is is a plan for the future that you have already thought about and discussed with someone else.)

• I'm meeting my mother at the airport tomorrow.• Our grandparents are visiting us this Christmas.• Sorry, I can't stay after school today; I'm playing tennis with Jun-

Sik.• My sister's going to the dentist tomorrow.• I'm not returning home for the holidays, so I can come to your

party after all!• Are you doing anything on Sunday morning?• Do you know if he is going to the dance with Maiko next week?

4. Scheduled events

The present simple tense is usually used to refer to future events that are scheduled (and outside of our control).• Hurry up! The train departs in 10 minutes.• I leave Frankfurt at 5 o'clock in the morning and arrive

in New York• at midnight the next day. She has an appointment with

the headmaster after school today.• There's no need to hurry. The train doesn't leave for

another 30 minutes.• When does the meeting begin?

Future continuousWe use will/wont + be + verbing (present participle) when we know that an action will be in progress at some time in the future or to describe something that has been pre-arranged.• At this time next week I will be sitting in the plane on

the way to New York.• Don't call me after 10 o'clock. I'll be sleeping.• If you want to see Miho tomorrow, you will have to go

to the school. She will be taking a test all afternoon.• I won't be working on my car this weekend. My

mother-in-law will be here.

Subjectwill / won’t + be + verbing

rest of sentencePositive Negative

I / You / We / TheyHe / She / It

will be waiting

won’t be waiting for you

Future perfect

The Future Perfect expresses the idea that something will occur before another action in the future. It can also show that something will happen before a specific time in the future.• I hope my mother will have finished cooking dinner by

the time I get home.• You can come at 6 o'clock. I will have done my

homework by then.• There's no point calling her at home. She will have left

for work already.• On June 25 2020 they will have been married for 60

years.

• How often do you talk on the phone?• Who do you talk to?• How long do you spend on the phone

every day?

What are they like?

102

5

What makes a genius?

BORN OR…

…BUILT?

SUBJECT / VERB INVERSION

• Inversion means putting the verb before the subject.It is a literary technique in which the normal order of words is reversed, generally for emphasisor special effect.

• Sentences with inversion are less common in ordinary English.

Example 1 : I have never seen such a beautiful rose.Example 2 : Never have I seen such a beautiful rose.

In example 2 inversion is used to emphasize the fact that in your whole lifetime you have not seen such a beautiful rose.

• In written English, as well as in a very formal style, inversion can be used in the following cases : After negative adverbial expressions : – Under no circumstances can we accept credit

cards.– In no way can he be held responsible.– At no time did she say she would come.– Not until I heard my name did I believe I had won

the race.

• After 'seldom', 'rarely', 'never', and 'little' :

• Seldom have I seen such a beautiful view.• Rarely did he pay anyone a compliment.• Never had I felt so happy.• Little did he imagine how dangerous it would

be.

• After 'hardly', 'scarcely', 'no sooner', when one thing happens after another. Hardly had I begun to speak when I was interrupted.

• Scarcely had we started our meal when the phone rang.

• No sooner had I arrived than they all started to argue.

• After adverbial expressions beginning with 'only' and 'not only' :

• Only after the meeting did I realize the importance of the subject.

• Only when the plane landed safely did he calm down.

• Not only was the car slow, it was also very uncomfortable.