movements at synovial joints anatomy & physiology i chapter 7b
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Movements at Movements at Synovial JointsSynovial Joints
Anatomy & Physiology IChapter 7b
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Summary of Characteristics Summary of Characteristics of Body Jointsof Body Joints
◦Joint names◦Articulating bones◦Structural classification◦Functional classification◦Movements allowed
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Movements at Synovial Movements at Synovial JointsJoints1. Gliding2. Angular movements:
◦ Flexion, extension, hyperextension
◦ Abduction, adduction◦ Circumduction
3. Rotation◦ Medial and lateral rotation
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Movements at Synovial Movements at Synovial JointsJoints
4. Special movements◦ Supination, pronation◦ Dorsiflexion, plantar flexion of the
foot◦ Inversion, eversion◦ Protraction, retraction◦ Elevation, depression◦ Opposition
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Gliding MovementsGliding MovementsOne flat bone surface glides or
slips over another similar surface Examples:
◦Intercarpal joints◦Intertarsal joints◦Between articular processes of
vertebrae
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Gliding
Gliding movements at the wrist
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Angular MovementsAngular Movements
Movements that occur along the sagittal plane:
Flexion—decreases the angle of the joint
Extension— increases the angle of the joint
Hyperextension—excessive extension beyond normal range of motion
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Angular movements: flexion, extension, and hyperextension of the neck
Hyperextension Extension
Flexion
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Hyperextension Flexion
Extension
Angular movements: flexion, extension, andhyperextension of the vertebral column
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Extension
Extension
Flexion
Flexion
Angular movements: flexion and extension at theshoulder and knee
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Angular MovementsAngular Movements
Movements that occur along the frontal plane:
Abduction—movement away from the midline
Adduction—movement toward the midline
Circumduction—flexion + abduction + extension + adduction of a limb so as to describe a cone in space
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Abduction
Adduction
Angular movements: abduction, adduction, andcircumduction of the upper limb at the shoulder
Circumduction
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RotationRotationThe turning of a bone around its
own long axisExamples:
◦Between C1 and C2 vertebrae
◦Rotation of humerus and femur
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Lateralrotation
Medialrotation
Rotation
Rotation of the head, neck, and lower limb
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Special MovementsSpecial MovementsMovements of radius around
ulna:◦Supination (turning hand backward)◦Pronation (turning hand forward)
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Supination(radius and ulna are parallel)
Pronation (P) and supination (S)
Pronation(radius rotatesover ulna)
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Special MovementsSpecial MovementsMovements of the foot:
◦Dorsiflexion (upward movement) ◦Plantar flexion (downward
movement)
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Dorsiflexion
Plantar flexion
Dorsiflexion
Plantar flexion
Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
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Special MovementsSpecial MovementsMovements of the foot:
◦Inversion (turn sole medially)◦Eversion (turn sole laterally)
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EversionInversion
Inversion and eversion
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Special MovementsSpecial MovementsMovements in a transverse
plane:◦Protraction (anterior movement)◦Retraction (posterior movement)
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Protractionof mandible
Retractionof mandible
Protraction and retraction
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Special MovementsSpecial MovementsElevation (lifting a body part
superiorly)Depression (moving a body part
inferiorly)
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Elevationof mandible
Depressionof mandible
Elevation and depression
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Special MovementsSpecial MovementsOpposition of the thumb
◦Movement in the saddle joint so that the thumb touches the tips of the other fingers
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Opposition
Opposition