moud tod policy 29_sept 2013_secy_ud

UTTIPEC

Transit Oriented Development in IndiaPlanning paradigm change at all scales.

- Policy spearheaded by Delhi -Region

City

Corridor

District

UTTIPEC

Why is TOD needed in Delhi/ other cities now?Issue: • Cause:

Usability of MTRS: Metro has been constructed but people don’t feel comfortable/ safe using it. Lack of safety for Women is biggest deterrent to public transport success.

• Lack of last mile connectivity by bus, cycle/ walk.• Unsafe streets, due to lack of ‘eyes of strret’•,unwalkable streets.• planned paratransit facilities, • safe crossings and multimodal interchange.

Auto-centric sprawl type planning has created a private vehicle dependent city, very difficult for Public Transport users.

• segregated landuses,• large unwalkable block sizes, • large R/Ws with unusable footpaths, • rampant construction of flyovers and cloverleafs

within city limits, leading to rupture of neighbourhoods & connectivity,

• People-unfriendly urban design

Delhi is already at the second highest level of air pollution in the world (by particulate matter). ~70% of the total air pollution of Delhi comes from vehicles.

Delhi has more cars today than the total cars in other three Metros together. • Reasons for car dependency are as above.

Environmental Degradation – due to rapid urbanization, unplanned exploitation of natural resources, destruction of natural water systems, and rapid expansion on agricultural land….

• Lack of dense development• Lack of adequate low-income housing• Lack of Environmental Resource documentation

& planning• Lack of ownership of public spaces in the city.

UTTIPEC

A paradigm shift in Planning is therefore needed….

to make it easier, safer, faster and more convenient for people to use public transportation so that maximum number of people “have the choice” to leave their cars at home and

shift to the use of public transport.

Only then can the desirable modal split of 80-20 (public-private) be achieved as envisioned in the Masterplan of Delhi 2021.

Why is TOD needed in Delhi now?

UTTIPEC

In accordance with the changing transportation scenario in India over the last two decades, there has been a change in the policies at, both, national level and in Delhi.

a) National Urban Transport Policy – 2006, recommends:

i. Integrated land use and transport policy

ii. Priority to the use of public transport & non-motorized

vehicles

b) Master-plan for Delhi – 2021, proposes:

i. MPD 2021 has given a thrust on redevelopment and

redensification along 500m of MRTS corridors. It calls for a

comprehensive redevelopment strategy for accommodating

a large population, and strengthening of infrastructure

facilities.

Current Policies:

UTTIPEC

Transit Oriented Development (TOD) encompasses any type of development that induces people to prefer the

use of public transportation.

The Guiding Principles of TOD are to:

Reduce private vehicle dependency and induce public transport use – through design, policy & enforcement

measures.

Provide Public Transport access to maximum number of people – through densification and enhanced

connectivity.

Guiding Principles of TOD

UTTIPEC

Rail/ Metro

BRTInterchange

Change Morphology from AutoCity vs. a Transit City

7 min walk

To reduce car-dependence & increase transit use.

Large Areas of City not Accessible to Trasit

CURRENT TOD

CURRENT CITY PATTERN:

• Population Density evenly distributed all over city.

• Large Travel distances & pollution due to segregated land use and vehicular dependency.

7

Rohtak Road Delhi Corridor

• High Density Mixed Use within 10-min walk of stations.

• Maximum people Live, Work & Play within 5-min walk of RAPID TRANSIT Stations

• Reduced vehicular travel, reduced pollution.

Impact of TOD Policy on City:

8

Rohtak Road Delhi TOD Corridor

UTTIPEC

Defining the TOD catchment

UTTIPEC

Defining the TOD Zone & Intense Use Zone

300 m

radius

Intense TOD Zone – 3 min walking distance

TOD Zone – 10 min walking distance

- Intense pedestrian/ NMT movement

- Limited public parking- Highest ridership generating

uses.- Transit supportive amenities.

800

m

Lots within 10-min walk

Walkable route 800m (10-min)

Actual Demarcation on ground (using GIS)

Chhatarpur Station

11Created by © UTTIPEC, Delhi Development Authority using GIS database of Delhi

Intense TOD Zone – 3 min walking distance

TOD Zone – 10 min walking distance

NMT Zone area= 65512.95 Ha ( 44.1 % of Delhi*) TOD Standard Zone = 27369.22 Ha (18.45 % of Delhi* )

Intense TOD = 10279.96 Ha (6.9% of Delhi*)

* Area of Delhi = 148300.0 Ha (as per MPD)

TOD Influence Zones at City level

UTTIPEC

Guiding Principles of TOD

UTTIPEC

1. Pedestrian & Non-Motorized Transport (NMT) Friendly Environment – All streets should have safe and pleasant walking/cycling environment, with safe at-grade crossings and

climate-sensitive urban design.

2. Maximized Connectivity to Station exists through provision of a dense network of streets and shortest possible routes to stations.

3. Transit-supportive amenities & Modal Interchange like planned para-transit stands, easiest multi-modal interchange, hawker zones and convenient retail uses.

4. Equitable Distribution of Road Space – Accommodating all modes on roads with Priority to pedestrians, IPT, NMT and Public Transport.

5. Placemaking and Safety – A variety of public spaces including streets, parks and plazas designed to be safe, vibrant and programmed for a variety of uses/ activities for all ages,

genders and people with disabilities.

6. Mixed-Use and High Density as possible near stations should be accommodated so that maximum number of people can live, work and entertain near station areas. A mix of residential, commercial and employment uses should be provided near all stations in

contextually relevant proportions, in order to ensure round-the-clock activity, safety and vibrancy of the TOD.

Every TOD must have….

UTTIPEC

TOD Policy and

Development Control Norms:

Detailed Norms for TOD:2.1 Pedestrian & NMT Friendly Environment2.2. Connectivity and Network Density 2.3. Multi-modal Interchange 2.4. Inducing Modal Shift

4A. Accessibility Guidelines For Social Infrastructure And Open Space4B. Minimum Mixed-use Criteria4C. Parking Policy and Norms For Travel Demand Management

2.5. Placemaking and Ensuring Safety5A. Street Edge Regulations 5B. Active Frontage (Mixed Use Edge Condition) 5C. Minimum Ground Coverage 5D. Vending Zones

2.6. High Density, Mixed-use Mixed-income Development6A. FAR and Density Thresholds6B. Open Space and Social Infrastructure6C. Minimum Housing Mix Criteria (by Unit Sizes) 6D. Non-Permissible Uses and Desirable Uses within the 300m Intense Zone

2.7. Physical Infrastructure and Resource Standards7A. Water7B. Energy7C. Landscape7D. Solid Waste7D. Incentives for Additional Green Building Compliance

http://www.uttipec.nic.in/

TOD Norms For:

2.1 Pedestrian & NMT Friendly Environment

2.2. Connectivity and Network Density

2.3. Multi-modal Interchange

2.4. Inducing Modal Shift

2.5. PlaceMaking and Ensuring Safety

2.6. High Density, Mixed-use Mixed-income Development

UTTIPEC

2.1:

Pedestrian & NMT Friendly Environment

19

UTTIPEC

Pedestrian (& Women) Friendly Environment

20

1

UTTIPEC

Pedestrian (& Women) Friendly Environment

21

1

Source: SGA Architects

Pedestrian & NMT Friendly Environment1

UTTIPEC

BICYCLE 4%

CAR/TAXI 9%

2W14%

BUS 27%

METRO 3%TRAIN

1%

AUTO RICKSHAW 5%

CYCLE RICKSHAW 2%

WALK ONLY 35%

Most People in India Walk or Use Public Transport!

Data Source: RITES Transport Demand Forecast Study for Dept. of Transport, GNCTD, Delhi 2010

Modal Share Delhi 20081

http://uttipec.nic.in/StreetGuidelines-R1-Feb2011-UTTPEC-DDA.pdf

2.1 ALL STREETS TO BE AS PER ‘Street Design Guidelines-UTTIPEC’

Contents• Street hierarchy of Delhi• Minimum walking zone• Universal accessibility• Multi Functional Zone• Bicycle and NMT Infrastructure• Crossings• Medians, Refuge Islands• Street Lighting• Urban Utilities• Public Amenities• Traffic Calming Measure• Public Art, Street Furniture and Educative

Signage

UTTIPEC

2.2:

Norms for Connectivity

25

UTTIPEC

15 min Walk

Bus/ MRTS Stop

Bus/ MRTS Stop

Current Norms encourage Large block sizes: increase walking distances, thus encouraging vehicle use.

Example: A project in Noida. Image Source: Internet

Connectivity & Street Network Density2

UTTIPEC

2-minute walk

Finer Street Network would increase Connectivity & Provide short-cuts by foot or cycle.

Modified Image Courtesy UTTIPEC DDA

Connectivity & Street Network Density2

Incomplete Road Network

2.2 Connectivity Norms

Vehicular Road Network @ 250m c/c

Pedestrian Network @ 50-150m c/c

Complete Road Network

Example: Dwarka - Existing Street Grid

UN

SA

FE

fo

r th

ese

Use

rs


Example: Dwarka - PROPOSED Retrofitted Street Grid


UTTIPEC

2.3:

Norms for Multi-Modal Interchange

31

Location & Priority of private Parking defines TOD3

TOD:• Walkability and

Mixed Useeg: Dadar Station, Mumbai

TAD:• Auto-oriented;• Fractures Access

to Statione.g. Janakpuri West Station, Delhi

Transit Oriented Development

Transit “Adjacent” Development in not TOD

33

Pedestrian is highest priority

2.2 Station Area Planning to follow following Standards

2.2 Make transferring between modes easy, comfortable.

Source: Storm Water Guidelines, OASIS Design INC.

IPT ParkingShuttle Service Pedestrian-WalkwayPrivate Car

Pick Up/Drop off Bus Stop

UTTIPEC

Multi-modal Interchange Example: Chhatarpur Station

Current

Proposed35

3

UTTIPEC

2.4:

Norms for Inducing Modal Shift

36

UTTIPEC

Majority Road Space given to private vehicles

37

4a

UTTIPEC© UTTIPEC

38

Equitable Distribution of Road Space4a

FOOTPATH CYCLE-TRACK PARKING

Mixed-Use provides : Safety, Vibrancy, Reduced Travel Demand



4b

2.4 Norms for Mixed-Use

TOD Mixed Use Zone

30%Small Residential Units

20%Commercial/ Civic

Any Use

• Market-friendly TOD Policy – sets minimum benchmarks, and allows the market to decide what should be built in TOD zone.

• So a developer of a particular site can decide whether to build apartments, shops or offices, as long as the developer adheres to these minimum development norms:

• At least 30% residential and 20% Commercial/ Institutional use of FAR is mandatory in every project within TOD Zone

UTTIPEC

2.5:

Norms for Placemaking & Safety

41

UTTIPEC

Unsafe, inaccessible Open Spaces

42

5a

UTTIPEC

Placemaking & Safety ● Open Spaces are looked upon/ watched by Surroundings ● Shared round-the-clock Spaces ● Easily Accessible

43


5a

2.5 Minimum Mix-use Frontage Criteria

At least 50% of total street frontage of any TOD project should have an active

frontage, i.e. a mix of at least two types of use, with different peak hours of activity

stacked vertically, to provide round-the-clock eyes on the street.

round the clock active streets

ITO Delhi - Now © UTTIPEC, Delhi Development Authority

Unsafe Streets due to Setbacks & Boundary Walls5b

ITO Delhi - Future© UTTIPEC, Delhi Development Authority

Placemaking & Safety through “Eyes on the Street”5b

● No Boundary Walls ● Minimal Setbacks ● Required Entries from footpaths ● Lighting ● Shade● No Boundary Walls ● Minimal Setbacks ● Required Entries from footpaths ● Lighting ● Shade

2.5 Critical Norms for PlaceMaking & Safety:

Eyes on the street

● No Boundary Walls ● Minimal Setbacks ● Required Entries from footpaths ● Lighting ● Shade

UTTIPEC

2.6:Norms for

High Density Mixed-Income Development

48

UTTIPEC

6CURRENT: Segregated Land uses CAUSE High Traffic Generation

49

Dwarka, Delhi

High Density Segregated Use Development

UTTIPEC

6Mixed Use in TOD with High internal Trip Capture

50


Different types of Commercial, Civic, Residential Uses within same block

High Density Mixed-Use Development

UTTIPEC

6Mixed-Income Groups – Various Housing Options for Middle Class

51© UTTIPEC, Delhi Development Authority

High Density Mixed-Income Development

Rs. 30,000- 60,000/(~3.60- 7.20 Lakh p.a.)

Above Rs. 60,000/-(~above 7.20 Lakh p.a.)

EXISTING HOUSING MARKET

INTERESTED IN STARTER HOME OWNERSHIP / 2 room Apts

NEED FOR NIGHT SHELTERS

microHomeSolutions

Average Monthly Income

Possible Target Product

Rs. 5,000-30,000/(~60,000- 3,60,000 p.a.)

Rs. 5,000/-(~60,000 p.a.)

3. Housing budget is based on most common lending scenario for micro-mortgage: – 12% API on 15-year loan – and assumes a family spends 30% of income on housing.

1. Source: Consumer Pyramids, Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy P Ltd.2. Monthly budget for Housing is equal to 30% of income, the global standard for affordability of housing. (Developing Affordable Housing, by Ben Hecht.

22%

55%

4.5%

18%

LOOKING FOR RENTAL / 1 room Apts

75% of our Cities is Middle Class – needing a large supply of smaller size homes.

30%

20%

10%

Within the 30% minimum Housing requirement, the following mix is mandatory:

~25-40 sq.m. units

~65 sq.m. units

2.4 Norms for High Density Mixed-Income Development

2.4 Transition in Densities: Variety in Development


Combined FAR-Density Minimums: No Universal Cap on FAR

FAR shall be clubbed with Density Minimums, in order to ensure high-density mixed-income development.

Density caps per influence Zone shall be based on overall Holding Capacity as per the MPD Zones.

The minimum permissible standard for gross density for any TOD project is 250 du/ha.

GrossFAR(site)

Minimum permissible density (with ±10% variation)

Residential dominated project (Residential FAR ≥ 50%)

Predominantly non-residential(Residential FAR ≤ 30%)

Under-utilization of FAR below 3.0 not permitted for new/redevelopment projects

Under-utilization of FAR below 3.0 not permitted for new/redevelopment projects

Y (2Y x100) du/ha (Y x100) du/ha

UTTIPEC

2.7:Norms for

Physical Infrastructure

56

2.7.1. Water

Rainwater harvesting is mandatory, irrespective of project size. On-site and off-site (roads/public spaces) rainwater must be harvested for reuse or ground water recharge, only after primary treatment.

Rainwater

Current practice: Stormwater recharged to ground without primary treatment.

Physical Infrastructure and Resource Standards

Parking Lot SwalesLarge Canopy Trees

EcoroofPervious Paving

At least 80% of the rainwater falling on Site should be treated by Natural means.


MCDMCD

SELF GENERATED

SELF GENERATED

Symbiotic Uses

Potable Water and Waste Water• For projects of 5000 resident population or more, on-site decentralized infrastructure systems

i.e. local sewage treatment and recycling systems are mandatory, in order to meet the non-potable per capita demand (90 lpcd for domestic and 115 lpcd for non-domestic).

• Potable per-capita requirement (135 lpcd for domestic and 20 lpcd for non-domestic) should be available from the Municipality or any other source other than ground water.


Potable Tank

Sewage Treatment Facilities

Sustainable Effluent discharge system to

wetland / river

Further Treatment for re-use

Non-Potable

Tank

Potable Use

• Internal taps

• Showers & baths

• Washing

Non-Potable Use

• Toilet Flushing

• Cleaning/ Irrigation

Combined or Separate Grey

Water / Black Water Collection

Rainfall

DJB main

S l u d g e d i s p o s a l

Dual piping is mandatory irrespective of project size, to facilitate black/ grey separation & recycled water use.


2.7.2Energy

Buildings (and preferably also streets) should be oriented such that all habitable areas of Residential buildings are oriented to face North-South (within 15°) direction.

Energy: At Site level:


Buildings (and preferably also streets) should be oriented such that all habitable areas of Residential buildings are oriented to face North-South (within 15°) direction.

Physical Infrastructure and Resource Standards Energy: At Site level:

All dwelling units should get minimum 2-hour solar access in at least one habitable area (living room, bedroom or private open space) on the shortest winter day of Dec 21 (Winter Solstice).

At Building level, the following Solar Access Regulations need to be followed:

Microclimate of public streets:Narrow streets provide shading and air movement – and therefore

greater comfort for pedestrians. Spacing between buildings should be enough to allow daylight access to all homes.

Physical Infrastructure and Resource Standards Energy: At Site level:

All residential buildings shall be single-loaded i.e. each unit should face the exterior, in two opposite directions. No double-loaded corridor buildings are permissible in TODs. Openings shall be located suitably to allow for natural ventilation and daylighting of habitable rooms and access to open air for all rooms including toilets and kitchens.

Double loaded housing

Maximize Cross Ventilation for Units by appropriate design of unit plans (provide windows and openings appropriately)

Single aspect housing

Physical Infrastructure and Resource Standards Energy: At Site level:At Building level, the following Solar Access Regulations need to be followed:


Maximize Cross Ventilation for Units by appropriate design of unit plans (provide windows and openings appropriately)

No building floor-plate depth it to be more than 16 m

Max

16

m

Office building


Energy: At Site level:At Building level, the following Solar Access Regulations need to be followed:

No “row-type” building (floor plate longer than 30 M) will be permitted to go higher than 15 metres. To utilize FAR, only towers with be permitted, in conjunction with 15m high “row-type” buildings.

Physical Infrastructure and Resource Standards Energy: At Building level, the following Solar Access Regulations need to be followed:

30 Mt

100 Mt

• Tower dimensions may not exceed 30 m in any direction.

• Spacing between two towers should not be less than 30M.

Energy: At Building level, the following Solar Access Regulations need to be followed :

30 M

30 M

30 M


Physical Infrastructure and Resource Standards Screenshot of existing 3D GIS model of Delhi:

Physical Infrastructure and Resource Standards New buildings shall be tested for shading of surrounding residential buildings before Approval, in order to ensure that they do not hamper the minimum daylight access requirements of existing buildings.

All TOD Documents are available on the UTTIPEC Website: