motivation, culture and health in a socio-ecological system in africa
TRANSCRIPT
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Director General CSRS
www.csrs.ch
“Motivation, Culture and Health in a Socio-Ecological System in Africa”Bassirou Bonfoh 23.03.16
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Associate ResearchInstitute of AfricanUniversities
Adiopodoumé Route de Dabou, Km 17, rte Dabou
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Plan de Présentationwww.csrs.ch
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1. CSRS
2. Research set up
3. Socio-ecological system
4. Motivation/ Culture/ Knowledge transformation
5. Incentives and impacts
6. Capacity building beyond academic
7. Conclusions
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CSRS
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1. Interdisciplinary Research
2. Capacity building “Research training”
3. Expertise/ information and services
4. Research and grants administration/ facilitation
Strategic goals
65 years, diplomatic status (MESRS-SEFRI)
90 supporting staff
170 researchers (Msc, PhD, Postdoc, Seniors…)
7 field stations, specialised labs, HDSS)
> 80 projects and partnerships
> 100 publications per year
10 PhD thesis & 10-15 Masters per year
(in collaboration with Swiss, African, Ivorian
Universities)
6 ongoing interventions (health, sanitation,
agriculture, conservation, biodiversity, research
governance…)
4 major programs (PASRES, Afrique One, AVECNET,
YAMSYS…)
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CSRS Network
170 collaborators in 27 countries
6 (Switzerland, France,
Germany, Norway, UK,
Kyrgystan)
3 (Vietnam, Thailand, Japan,
Australia)
16 (Benin, Burkina Faso, Mali,
Mauritania, Tchad, Cameroun, Uganda, Tanzania, Senegal, Ghana, Liberia,
Togo, Gabon, Kenya, Nigeria, Ethiopia)
CSRS – Abidjan, Côte d‘Ivoire
2 (Canada, USA)
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11 Partnership principles
Common research agenda definition, shared capacity and applied results can foster good communication
Partnership principles
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Research set up in
Socio-ecological system
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10 thematic focus (DAP)
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Biodiversity and conservation Ecosystem services
Agriculture and food technology Household economy
Nutrition Wellbeing
Health Socio-ecological determinants
Co-infections
Participatory Risk Analysis
Health systems
Institution (formal and informal) Vulnerability/ Resilience
Culture, behaviour
Education
Multi thematic sites
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2008-….
Cohort: 45’000 people
• Population dynamic
• Neglected Tropical Diseases
• Non Communicable Diseases
• Nutrition
• Health interventions
• Production systems/ household economy…
Surveillance-Response/ INDEPTH
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Socio-ecological system
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• Geographic (rural, urban, slums..)
• Climate (arid, semi-arid, humid…)
• Gender (women, men…)
• Age (children, elders…)
• Status (wealth, poor..)
• Culture (minorities, ethnic, religion, believes, tabous…)
• Power (civilian, militaries…)
Socio-ecological factors/ changes
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– Complexity
– Uncertainty
– Transaction cost
Financial
Social
Environmental
– People’s perspetive
Behaviour
Bilieves
Tabous
Religion
Socio-ecological implications
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Access to social services/ contact with livestock/ mobility
Access to clean water/ permanent source of infection
E.g. Rural
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Water, energy, technology
Education, livelihoods
E.g. Urban
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Vulnerability and resilience framework
Vulnerability & Resilience
Practices
Risks
Exposure
Responses
Mitigation
Transformation
Intervention
Consequences
Context
Times
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Motivation/ Culture/ Knowledge transformation
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Certain needs or wants allow to do certain things (behavior) which satisfy those needs (satisfaction), by intensifying certain ones, or allowing to move on to other ones.
Motivation theory
http://www.analytictech.com/mb021/motivation.htm>
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Motivation theory
Risk perception Probability of risk occurence
Severness of risk
Experience with that given risk
Coping perception Possibilities of action
Effectiveness of action
Cost/effort of action (revenu)
Action
• Reactive
• Preventive
• Selective
food
No Action
• Denial
• Wishful thinking
• Fatalism
Consumption habits
Spiritual
Ethical
Moral
Confessional
Conviction
Tolerance
Risk conscienciousness Trust
Compensation
Cost of quality
Inte
ntion o
f action
Access to liv
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Exte
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We
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Context specific: individual, household, tribe, community, country….
Cultural double impact: Conception of the disease
Relationship with the environment
Role of culture Enabling factor/ protective (e.g. nutrition, tabous, restriction..)
First health seeking behaviour (e.g. traditional healers, plantes…)
Alternative to culture Evidence/ compensation (e.g. slaughter…)
Motivation to support global health and environment (e.g. care of dead bodies in Ebola cases
Experience Academic knowledge (e.g. boiled milk for a 85 old Fulani)
Gain
Application to health
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“Hygienic measures around a dead body are culturally difficult to accept, and with the highly deadly Ebola epidemic, we need to understand the socio-cultural and ecological determinants of health” (Ndri-Yoman, 2015)
• Language: sensitisation
• Behaviour: washing-disinfection
• Law enforcement: bush meat consumption
• Command & control…..
• Sometime it works but not last long!!!
Ebola crisis: Côte d’Ivoire
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Soft vs Hard intervention
After deworming
… rapid reworming
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Technology effectiveness
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Incentives and impacts in dairy sector
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Trade-offs: food vs diseases
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In the cycle of poverty food save lifes as medicine in disease does!
Food quality/ safety drive market, health and wellbeing?
From where do we start intervention?
Which language to use and on which lever do we push?
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Risk Analysis
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Evidence on:
Vomiting and diarrhoea among consumers
Brucellosis seropositive among febrile clinical patients
High microbial resistance to most of the used antibiotic in vet field
Reporting???
Regulation Command and control!!!!
25%75% >107 ufc/ml 6,4%30%
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Hazards/ diseases vs Revenu/ Livelihood
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Grace, ILRI 2010
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Socio-economic impact
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1’100’000 invested: Dairy, Technology, Training
Parameters 2005 2015 Units
Total milk collected 1’500 7’000 Litre/day
Collecting sites 1 17 sites
Livestock ownersmembership
35 776 Households
Animal supplemented feed 50 1’000 tons
Selling points 1 53 sites
Employement created 50 2’000 Peoples
Gross revenu of 50’000 1’760’000 Euros
Improved milk quality and safety
Women exclusion
Substitution of local milk with powder milk fro children
Increase livestock and pasture degradation
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Capacity building beyond academic
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2009-2016 “Ecosystem and Population Health: Expanding frontiers in Health
Community of practice of “One Health” in Africa”
One Health Initiative/ Wellcome Trust
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Towards ASPIRE
Extent of problem
Transmiss. dynamics
Infection control
Transmission control
Elimination
Rabies
Mycobacterial infections
Brucellosis
Food-borne diseases
Surveillance-Response
East
West
Adapted from Utzinger, 2012, Plos NTDs
2016-2020 “African Science Partnership for Intervention Research Excellence
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Field and studio
1st MOOC on One Health
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Conclusion
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Cultural change at all levels
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Cultural change in researchScientific knowledge + transformation knowledge
Individual Local community Specialised/ academic Organisational/ policy, governance Holistic/ collective
Co-construction of knowledge Community service effectiveness Scale of One Health implementation Incentives/ added value (loss, gain)
Socio-ecological
system
Time/ scale
Service effectiveness/ social cost/
Incentives
Capacity building-Education
Language/ Behaviour
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Partners and funders
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