MOTIVATION

A measure of the direction and intensity of the expenditure of animal energy.

Types of Motivation

• Intrinsic – a desire to perform a behavior for its own sake.

• Extrinsic – a desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishment.

MOTIVATIONAL INTERVIEWING (BILL MATULICH)

In order to be motivated, one must believe that success is possible, that there is a relationship between what you do & success, & there must be some value to succeeding.

MOTIVATION THEORIES

• Instinct – an unlearned behavior that is typical of the species.

• Drive Reduction – a physiological need creates an aroused tension state that motivates an organism to satisfy the need. Homoeostasis – a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of body chemistry (e.g., blood glucose) around a particular level.

• Arousal – incentive to stir up a little excitement (tired of homeostasis).

MEASUREMENT OF MOTIVATION

Thematic Apperception Test Henry Murray

David McClelland Both of Harvard University

• What is going on in the picture? • What happened before this? • What are the characters thinking and feeling? • What is the outcome?

What is going on in the picture? What happened before this? What are the characters thinking and feeling? What is the outcome?

What is going on in the picture? What happened before this? What are the characters thinking and feeling? What is the outcome?

What is going on in the picture? What happened before this? What are the characters thinking and feeling? What is the outcome?

ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION

• In McClelland’s research, subjects who consistently included achievement themes in their TAT stories were scored high in achievement motivation (nAch).

• Murray defined the need to achieve as the motive to accomplish something difficult, to overcome obstacles, to attain a high standard, to rival and surpass others (e.g., Kennedy moon speech). The need for achievement, rather than being satisfied with accomplishment, seems to grow as it is fed, rather than diminish.

Characteristics of People with High nAch

• Set goals of moderate difficulty • Are moderate risk takers • View their success as a result of their own talents,

abilities, persistence, and hard work • Encourage independence in their children at an early

age • First born and only children tend to be higher in nAch

PAUL J. MEYER (ENTREPRENEUR)

• At age 25, he was the highest paid insurance salesman in the country. By age 27, he was a millionaire.

• Realized he was happiest when teaching others how to succeed. • Founded Success Motivation Institute (SMI) • In all, Meyer started 176 companies. About 80% failed, but the

ones that worked have had tremendous success. “Don’t give up, if you have a dream and someone tries to kill it, don’t pay attention to them.”

• His philanthropy in McLennan County totaled $200,000 a month • Video clip Video clip 2 Video clip 3 Video clip 4

ABRAHAM MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

Peak Experience = a moment, frozen in time, when all your needs are simultaneously met. Individuals who are self-actualized tend to experience these more often than other people do.