motivation across cultures chp 12
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Motivation Across Cultures
Ashley SandersTara Kern
Dylan Parks
Motivation
0Psychological process through which unsatisfied wants/needs lead to drives that are aimed at goals/incentives0 Determinants: intrinsic, extrinsic
0Basic Motivation Process
Unsatisfied need
Drive toward goal to satisfy
need
Need satisfaction
The Universalist Assumption
0Motivation process = universal0 Content and goals not0 Why?
0 Interest of the worker varies by country
The Assumption of Content and Process
0Content Theories0 What initiates behavior0 Broad generalization of country
0Process Theories0 How behavior is initiated0 Individual oriented
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs0Assumptions:
0 Lower level first0 Satisfied need no longer
motivator0 More ways to satisfy
higher
Physiological
Safety
Social
Esteem
Self Actualization
Maslow Cont’d
0Too Westernized 0 Focused on individual needs0 Some countries have different order to needs
0Asian cultures focus on society’s needs0 Social, Physiological, Safety, Self
Hofstede’s View of Maslow’s Needs
0Need satisfaction profile NOT useful to address motivation
0 Job categories0 Self & esteem = professionals0 Safety & physiological = low-level workers0 Physiological & Social = unskilled workers
0Universal
Top 10 Ranking Goals for Professionals
Training
ChallengeAutonomy
Up-to-dateness
Use of Skills
Advancement
RecognitionEarnings
Cooperation
Manager
Top 10 Ranking Goals for Professionals
Ranking Need1 Training2 Challenge3 Autonomy4 Up-to-Dateness5 Use of Skills6 Advancement7 Recognition8 Earnings9 Cooperation
10 Manager
The Herzberg Theory
0When feel good/bad about job?0Two-factor theory of motivation
0 Hygiene factor: job context factors (psychological, higher levels)
0 Motivators: job content factors (environmental, lower levels)
0Relate to job satisfaction