motivation

Lesson plan on Motivation

General Information:

Name of the teacher: Binal Joshi

Course Management of nursing services and educationUnit Unit 4Topic Motivation

Group of students Seven semester studentsNo. of students in group 60Date Time 1 HourVenue ClassroomPrevious knowledge of the groupTeaching method Lecture cum discussionAudio-Visual Aids Black board, PPT, Hand out, Video

Central Objective : After completion of the class students will be able to gain knowledge and understanding about Motivation in detail.

Specific objectives: After completion of the topic students will be able to…

1. To introduce the term Motivation.

2. To define the term Motivation.

3. To discuss nature and enlist characteristics of motivation

4. To classify motivation.

5. To describe Mc celland’s Need for Achievement theory of Motivation.

6. To describe Maslow’s Need – Hierarchy theory of motivation

7. To discuss Herzberg’s Theory of motivation

8. To relate Victor vroom’s Expectancy theory of motivation

9. To identify methods of motivating the people

10. To determine factors response to motivation.

Lesson Plan on Motivation

Sr. No.

Specific Objective

Content Time(Min.

)

Teaching-Learning activities

Evaluation

1. To introduce the term Motivation.

Introduction:

“Motivation” is a Latin world, meaning “to move” Human

motives are internalized goals within individuals. Motivation

encompasses all those pressures and influences that trigger,

channel and sustain human behavior. People are complex and

they are uniquely different. Most successful mangers have

learned to understand the concept of human motivation and are

able to use that understanding to achieve higher standards of

subordinate work performance.

3 Teacher verbally explains the concept of Motivation with use of chalk board

What do you mean by interpersonal relation?

2. To define the term Motivation

DEFINITION:-

“The Act of stimulating someone or oneself to get a desired

course of action”.

(Michael.J. Juices 2005).

“Motivation is the work a manger performs to inspire,

encourage and impel people to take required action”.

(Lewis Allen, 2005)

According to Dubin:-

Motivation is the complex of forces starting and keeping

5 Teacher verbally explains the dimensions with use of chalk board

What do you mean by dyad?


a person at work in an organization. To put it generally,

motivation starts and maintains an activity along a prescribed

line. Motivation is something that moves the person to action.

3. To discuss nature and enlist characteristics of motivation

NATURE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF MOTIVATION:-

The process of motivation is characterized by the following.

1) Motivation is an internal feeling:-

Motivation is a psychological pheneirnenon which

generates in the mind of an individual the feeling that he

lacks certain thing and needs those things.

2) Motivation is related to needs:-

In order to motivate a person, he have to understand is

needed that call for satisfaction.

3) Motivation produces goal – directed behavior:-

Goals are anything which will alleviate a need and

reduces a drive. An Individual’s behaviors is directed

towards a goal.

4) Motivation can be either positive or negative:-

Positive or incentive motivation is generally based on

reward. According to Flippo – “positive motivation is a process

of attempting to influence others to do your will through the

possibility of gain or reward”

8 Teacher verbally explains the nature with use power point with example.

What are the characteristics of motivation?


4. To classify motivation.

TYPES OF MOTIVATION:-

There are mainly two types of motivation:-

1) Positive or Incentive Motivation.

2) Negative or fear Motivation

1) Positive or Incentive Motivation:-

This of motivation is generally based on record A

positive motivation involves the possibility of increased motive

satisfaction.

Positive motivation include:-

Praise and credit for work done

Wages and salaries

Appreciation

A sincere interest in subordinates as individuals

Delegation of authority and responsibility

2) Negative or Fear motivation:-

This type of motivation is based on force and fear causes

persons to act in a certain way because they fear the

consequences. Negative motivation involves the possibility of

decreased motive satisfaction. It is a “Push” mechanism.

5 Teacher verbally explains the types of Motivation with use of chalk board.

What are the types of motivation?

5. To describe

Mc celland’s

Need for

Mc celland’s Need for Achievement theory:

1) Mc Gregory’s Theory X and Theory:-

A manager in managing his subordinates is basically

5 Teacher verbally explains the theory

What did you understand by theory x and thery y?


Achievement

theory of

Motivation.

dependent upon his assumption about human behavior

- Theory “x” is Negative – Assumption about human

behavior

- Theory Y is positive – Participatory and democratic

* Theory X: - this is the traditional theory of human behavior

which makes the following assumptions:-

1) Management is responsible it is organizing the elements.

2) With reference to people it is a process of directing their

efforts, motivating them, controlling their actions,

3) People must be persuaded, rewarded, punished and properly

directed

4) The average human being has an internet dislike of work and

will avoid it if he can

5) He is by nature resistant to change

Theory Y: - The assumption of theory Y, According to Mc gregor

are as follows:-

1) work is as natural as play or rest, provided the

conditions are favorable

2) Man can exercise self control and self direction in the

services of objectives to which is committed

3) Commitment to objectives is a result of the rewards

associated with their achievement.

with use of Hand out


4) The average human being, under proper conditions does

not shirk responsibility but learn only to accept

responsibility but also to seek it.

5) Under conditions of modern industrial life the

intellectual potentialies of people are only partially

utilized.

6. To describe

Maslow’s

Need –

Hierarchy

theory of

motivation

of Motivation.

2) Maslow’s Need – Hierarchy theory of motivation

According to Abraham Maslow, a U.S Psychologist, man

is a wanting animal. He has variety of wants or needs. All

motivated behavior of man is directed towards the satisfaction

of his needs. The theory postulated that people are motivated

by multiple needs, which could be arranged in a hierarchy

Maslow offers a general theory of motivation called the ‘need

hierarchy theory’

The features of his theory are as fallows:-

1) People have a wide range of needs which motivate them

to strive for fulfillment.

2) Human needs can be definitely categorized into five

types:-

Physical needs

Safety or security needs

7 Teacher verbally explains the theory with use of Hand out

What did you understand by Maslow’s Need


Affiliation or social needs.

Esteem needs and

Self actualization needs

3) These needs can be arranged into a hierarchy. Physical

needs are at the base whereas self – actualization needs

are at apex.

4) People gratify their physical needs first, when the need

is satisfied, they feel the urge for the next higher level

need.

5) Relative satisfaction of lower level need is necessary to

activate the next higher level need.

6) A. satisfied need does not motivate human behavior. It

only triggers or activates the urge for the next higher

level needs.

Deficit and progression principles:-

In order to comprehend the full meaning of Maslow’s

theory it is necessary to understand the deficit and progression

principles.

Deficit principle:-

According to maslow’ once a need is fairly well satisfied

it is no longer a stronger motivator of behavior. People are


motivated to satisfy only those needs that are perceived to be

deficient.

Progression principle:-

Maslow contends that the five categories of needs exist

in a hierarchy. A need at a given level is not activated until the

need directly it is fairly well gratified.

The need hierarchy theory must not be veined as a rigid

structure to be applied universally in all situations.

7. To discuss

Herzberg’s

Theory of

motivation

3) Herzberg’s Theory of motivation:-

Hertzberg developed a theory of motivation on the

premise that human nature has two separate elements

a) The maintenance factors or hygiene factors

b) The motivators

a) Hygiene factors :- (Maintenance factors)

Hygiene factors represent the need to avoid pain in the

environment. They are not an intrinsic part of a job, but they

are relating to the condition under which a job is performed.

They are associated with negative feelings. They must be

viewed as preventive measures that remove dissatisfaction

from environment.

Hertzberg believed that hygiene factors created a zero

level of motivation and if maintained at proper level presents


Explain Hertzberg theory of motivaton.


negative type of motivation from occurring.

Thus hygiene factors, when absent, increase

dissatisfaction with the job, when present, help in preventing

dissatisfaction but do not increase satisfaction or motivation.

b) Motivators:-Motivators are associated with positive feelings

of employees about the job. They make people satisfied with

their job.

Motivators are necessary to keep job satisfaction and job

performance high. On the other hand if they are not present

they do not prove highly satisfying motivational factors or

satisfiers are directly related to job content it self, the

individual’s performance of it, its responsibilities and the

growth and recognition obtained from it, motivators are

intrinsic to the job.

These, when motivators are absent, prevent both

satisfaction and motivation.

To apply the two factors theory to the work place,

Hertzberg suggests a two step process.

i. The supervisor should attempt to eliminate the hygiene

factors that are found to be more basic than factors that

lead to satisfaction.

ii. nce the dissatisfies have been some what neutralized the


supervisor may be able to motivate workers through the

introduction of motivational factors.

8. To relate

Victor

vroom’s

Expectancy

theory of

motivation

Victor vroom’s Expectancy theory:-

Expectancy theory was developed by victor H vroom It is

based on the notion that human behavior depends on people’s

expectations concerning their ability to perform tasks and to

receive desired rewards.

The expectancy theory argues that the strength of a

tendency to act in a certain way depends in the strength of an

expectation that the act will be followed by a given outcome

and on the attractiveness of the outcome to the individual. It

includes.

Three variables which vroom refers to as:-

I. Valance: - Valence means the strength of an individual

preference for a particular outcome. A valence of zero

occurs when the individual is indifferent towards the

outcome.

II. Instrumentality:-

Instrumentality refers to the relationship between

performance and reward. It refers to a degree to which a

first level outcome. (E.g. – superior performance) will lead


What do you understand by Valance?


to a desired second level outcome (E.g. – promotion) if

people perceive that their performance is adequately

rewarded the perceived instrumentality will be positive

on the other hand, if they perceive that their performance

is adequately rewarded the perceived instrumentality will

be positive. On the other hand, if they perceive that

performance does not make any difference to their

rewards, the instrumentality will be low.

III. Expectancy:- People have expectancies about the likelihood

that an action or effort on their part will lead to the intended

performance workers will be motivated by the belief that their

performance will ultimately lead to pay offs for them.

Expectancy is the probability that a particular action will lead to

a particular first level outcome.

9. To identify methods of motivating the people

METHODS OF MOTIVATING PEOPLE:-

Several factors influence human behavior. There are

numerous drives and needs which can act as good motivators

moving people to work and getting things through them as per

the plan. People respond to physiological needs, social needs

and egoistic needs.

There are three types of motivation programmers to

3 Teacher verbally explains the methods of motivating people with use of power

How many motivation programmes are there? what are they?


improve a person’s behavior towards his job. These are:-

1) Pay incentive plans

2) Job enrichment

3) Management by objectives

point

10. To determine factors response to motivation.

Factors Determining Response to motivation:-

There are four important factors governing employee

response to the measures of motivation.

The intensity or urge of the Drive

Past experience – can be rely upon the promises given

by the boss

Amount of ward --the quantity and quality of the

reward can influence the amount of extra effort put

forth by the employee

Time relationship of response to reward-- long range

promises are less effective than immediate fulfillment.

3 Teacher verbally explains the factors detrmining response with use of power point

What are the factors determining response to motivation?

Assignment to the students : Write an assignment on” Importance of motivation in nursing”

Date of Submission :

Bibliography :

1. BT Basavanthappa,”Nursing Administration”, first edition,jaypee brothers,Kundli,2008.


2. Deepak k.,”A Comprehensive Textbook On Nursing Management”, first edition, Vinay Printers,Banglore:2013.

3. Mary Lucita,”Nursing Practice and PublicHealthAdministration”,Secondedition,ELSEVIER,New Delhi:2007

4. NeelamKumari,”A textbook Of Management of Nursing Services and Education “,First edition, P V Books:2011.(as

per INC Syllabus)

5. NeelamKumari,”A textbook Of Management of Nursing Services and Education “,First edition, P V Books:2011.

6. Patricia Kelly, “Leadership and Management in Nursing” First edition, DELMAR CENGAGE

learning,Australia:2008.

7. SwinderKaur,”A Professional Adjustment ward Management and Trends in Nursing“,Second edition, Lotus

publishers, Jalandhar::2011.

8. ShabnamMasih, ”Nursing Managemnet-In Service And Education” first edition, Lotus publishers,Jalandhar::2011


motivation

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