MOTHODS OFMOTHODS OF

OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE

EXAMINATIONEXAMINATION

MOTHODS OFMOTHODS OF

OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE

EXAMINATIONEXAMINATION

Pavel StodůlkaPavel Stodůlka

1. REFRACTION:1. REFRACTION: skiascopy skiascopy autorefractometerautorefractometer

2. REFRACTION AND CORNEAL CURVATURE:2. REFRACTION AND CORNEAL CURVATURE: autoautokeratokeratorefractometerrefractometer

3. CORNEAL CURVATURE: 3. CORNEAL CURVATURE: corneal topographycorneal topography

EYEEYE

ANTERIOR SEGMENT:ANTERIOR SEGMENT:

conjunctiva, cornea, anterior chamber, conjunctiva, cornea, anterior chamber,

pupil, lenspupil, lens

POSTERIOR SEGMENT:POSTERIOR SEGMENT:

vitreous body, retinavitreous body, retina

FOCAL LIGHTINGFOCAL LIGHTING

overall state of the eyeoverall state of the eye

cornea - smoothness, brightness, cornea - smoothness, brightness,

transparencytransparency

colour disparities are more apparentcolour disparities are more apparent

BIOMICROSCOPYBIOMICROSCOPY

slit lampslit lamp

magnification up to 40xmagnification up to 40x

BIOMICROSCOPYBIOMICROSCOPY

cross-section through the eye mediacross-section through the eye media

transparencytransparency

thicknessthickness

affection in the corneal layersaffection in the corneal layers

Additonal devices ofthe slit lamp

Additonal devices ofthe slit lamp

blue cobalt filterblue cobalt filter

aplanative tonometeraplanative tonometer

BIOMICROSCOPYBIOMICROSCOPY

without lens – anterior segmentwithout lens – anterior segment (conjuctiva, cornea, anterior camera, pupil, lens)(conjuctiva, cornea, anterior camera, pupil, lens)

with lens – posterior segmentwith lens – posterior segment (vitrous body, retina)(vitrous body, retina)

use of investigative lens (contact or contactless)use of investigative lens (contact or contactless)

OPHTALMOSCOPYOPHTALMOSCOPY

examination of the examination of the

retina and vitreous bodyretina and vitreous body

OPHTALMOSCOPYOPHTALMOSCOPY

DIRECTDIRECT magnification 14x, adjustable dioptries of the patient,magnification 14x, adjustable dioptries of the patient,

real (uninverted) image of the fundusreal (uninverted) image of the fundus monocular monocular

INDIRECTINDIRECT magnification 3x, converging lens +20 to +30Dmagnification 3x, converging lens +20 to +30D

inverted image of the fundus inverted image of the fundus

binocularbinocular

DIRECTDIRECT

OPHTALMOSCOPEOPHTALMOSCOPE

INDIRECT OPHTALMOSCOPEINDIRECT OPHTALMOSCOPE

GONIOSCOPYGONIOSCOPY

assessment ofassessment of

the iridocorneal anglethe iridocorneal angle

GONIOSCOPYGONIOSCOPY

slit lampslit lamp

++

GoldmannGoldmann’s’s lens lens

MEASUREMENT of the INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE

MEASUREMENT of the INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE

TONOMETRYTONOMETRY

21 torr21 torr

MEASUREMENT of theINTRAOCULAR PRESSURE

MEASUREMENT of theINTRAOCULAR PRESSURE

contactcontact

contactlesscontactless

CONTACT TONOMETRYCONTACT TONOMETRY

SCHIÖTZSCHIÖTZ’’S TONOMETERS TONOMETER

APLANATIVE TONOMETERAPLANATIVE TONOMETER

CONTACTLESS TONOMETRY

CONTACTLESS TONOMETRY

pneumotonometerpneumotonometer

EXOPHTALMOMETRYEXOPHTALMOMETRY

HertelHertel’’s exophtalmometers exophtalmometer

transparent rulertransparent ruler

EXOPHTALMOMETRYEXOPHTALMOMETRY

HertelHertel’’ssexophtalmometerexophtalmometer

exophtalmometryexophtalmometrywith the use of rulerwith the use of ruler

RED REFLEXASSESSMENTRED REFLEXASSESSMENT

mirror with a pin-holemirror with a pin-hole

retinoscoperetinoscope

oftalmoscopeoftalmoscope

slit lampslit lamp

Thanks for Your Thanks for Your

attentionattention

MUDr. Pavel Stodůlka,PhD.MUDr. Pavel Stodůlka,PhD.

stodulkastodulka@zln.cz@zln.cz

www.LASIK.czwww.LASIK.cz