mother, ram, cpu failure

8/3/2019 Mother, Ram, Cpu Failure

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SA CHA MY TNH BNG PHN TCHBIU

LI MOTHERBOARD, RAM, CPU

GVHD: Phan Thanh Ton

SVTH: Lu Vn Qun 08119042


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MOTHER, RAM, CPU FAILURE

Do you get a live screen? A message saying "No Video Signal" or anything similardoesn't count as a live screen in this case. You need to get at least as far as a BIOS screen,either the system BIOS or an adapter BIOS loading.

Does the system power up? Do you hear any beeps, drives spinning up, fans, etc. If thepower isn't coming on, proceed to Power Supply Failure. If the power supply diagnosticssent you back here, follow through these diagnostics as a double-check before giving upon the motherboard.

If you haven't performed the Video Failure diagnostics for a dead screen yet, do so now.Don't ignore the obvious steps, like checking the power cord and the outlet. If you skipthe video diagnostics and continue with the motherboard flowchart, you could easily endup buying replacement parts for hardware that's not bad.

One of the most common failures following motherboard or RAM upgrades is improperinsertion of memory modules. The levers should be lowered before inserting the memorymodule, and should raise themselves up and lock in place when the module is correctlyseated. If you're using obsolete RIMM (Rambus Inline Memory Module) memory, themodules in a bank must be matched, and you must install CRIMMs (Continuity RIMMs)in the empty sockets. If you're using older SIMM (Single Inline Memory Modules), each

bank needs a matched pair. In both cases, matched doesn't just mean capacity and speed,it also means manufacturer.

There are a number of reasons for a system with a good power supply to refuse to powerup which were covered in the power supply diagnostics. Another reason is a failed CPUinsertion, whether it's a slot or socket CPU. With good lighting, using a flashlight ifnecessary, make sure that any socket CPU is sitting dead flat in the socket, which meansthat the heatsink should be perfectly parallel to the motherboard surface; the CPU may beso totally hidden beneath some heatsinks that you can't see the edges. This problemshould really only be relevant if you just upgraded your CPU or installed a newmotherboard, because the CPU socket locks the CPU in firmly and the heatsink addsanother level of clamping. If a socket CPU is a new install, you have to remove theheatsink and CPU to visually inspect it for damage such as crushed or bent legs. A CPUwill not seat correctly if the socket locking arm wasn't raised all the way up before the

CPU was inserted, or wasn't lowered all the way down after. If your CPU won't sit downin the socket properly, either the socket is faulty or you have the wrong CPU for themotherboard! I haven't seen a CPU creep out of a socket due to thermal shock for over adecade.

It's pretty tough to tell if old slot type CPUs are seated by visual inspection, so when indoubt, I reseat them. On the plus side, you can remove and reseat a slot CPU without


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removing the heatsink, since they form an integral unit. Make sure you correctly identifyrelease levers on a slot CPU package, which are normally located at the top of the CPU

package, to the inside of the motherboard support structure.

A stone dead CPU is another reason for a system to fail. All modern CPUs require a

heatsink, and most of these are an active heatsink, with a fan on top. You may encountera heatsink without a fan in mass-manufactured brand-name systems where themanufacturer had the engineering talent in-house to do a thorough thermal analysis anddetermined that the airflow over a passive finned heatsink was enough to keep the CPUwithin the operating temperature range. When there is a fan on the heatsink, it must behooked up to the correct power point on the motherboard for the BIOS to monitor itscondition and turn it off and on. If you just installed a new CPU and powered the systemup with no heatsink, it may have failed already. If the fan on your active heatsink isn'tspinning up, replace it and hope for the best. Make sure you see the new heatsink fanoperating since it could be the power point on the motherboard that's failed.

If you have a system that powers up, the next question is, do you hear any beeps comingfrom the motherboard speaker. If your motherboard doesn't have an integrated

piezoelectric speaker but does have a speaker connection next to the power and resetconnections (usually the front, left-hand corner of the motherboard) attach a case speaker.If you hear an unending string of beeps, it's often bad RAM, while a repeated sequencecan be RAM or video. Other beep codes have been largely abandoned since they

pertained to non-user replaceable surface mount components. Beeps or no beeps, I alwaysreseat the video adapter and the RAM, paying special attention to the locking levers onthe memory sockets

Are your motherboard settings on the defaults? Whether you just put in a newmotherboard or have been fooling around with overclocking, restore the default settings.This is often accomplished with a single jumper or switch setting, but sometimes itinvolves moving several jumpers or switches. Get the default values from themotherboard documentation. If you can't find the original manual or locate the equivalentdocumentation on the Internet, you may have to skip this procedure. Sometimes, the silkscreens on the motherboard are sufficiently detailed to work out the defaults, but youneed really good eyes to figure it out.

Although we're repeating a little of the power supply diagnostics here, stripping down the

system is the next step in a "no power-up" scenario. Unplug the power cord before eachchange in the case. Disconnect drives, one at a time, reconnecting power and trying

power up after each.

Next start removing adapters, saving the video adapter for last, reconnecting power andretrying after each change to ensure you discover which component is causing the failure.


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Running the motherboard without a case is a common technique used by technicians toeliminate any weird grounding and shorting issues or mechanical stresses. It also makes itmuch easier to swap the CPU if that's required. I normally do my bench testing on top ofa cardboard box, with a static free bag or foam between the bottom of the motherboardand the cardboard. You don't walk away from a test like this or you might come back to

find the box on fire! If your motherboard powers up on the bench with the same powersupply that you used in the case, you have a geometry problem. Ideally, you should havea spare power supply for bench testing if you're going to do regular repair and testingwork.

Make sure some standoffs aren't higher than others, putting unacceptable stress on themotherboard. Check that every standoff appears under a screw hole. The easiest way to

be sure is to count the standoffs, count the screws, and make sure there are no screwsleftover after you install the motherboard. There could be a short caused by a misplacedstandoff, a loose screw, metal chips from shoddy materials. I've encountered standoff

shorts that produce an endless string of beeps like RAM failure, without damaging themotherboard. There's also the possibility that the case geometry is so messed up (out ofsquare or level when the cover is forced on) that it's putting an unacceptable mechanicalstress on the motherboard resulting in an open circuit. If you can't find the cause of the

problem, don't hesitate to try another case and power supply.

If you still have a "no power" situation with the motherboard running out of the case,there's always the last refuge of a scoundrel. Swap in a known good CPU not forgettingto install a good heatsink and to connect the fan, even just for a quick test. I try to keeparound some cheap old CPUs for this purpose, just in case the motherboard is a CPU

eater. It's another good reason to leave all the motherboard settings on the default"Automatic" setting, so you don't have to fool around with them at this stage. If your oldCPU is bad and the heatsink fan is dead, it's a pretty sure bet that the dead fan caused theCPU failure. If the heatsink fan is working, determining whether the CPU failure was dueto poor heatsink contact, improper motherboard settings, or lousy power regulation fromthe motherboard is a guessing game. If the motherboard is an older make and you have acouple bucks to spare, replace the CPU and the motherboard together. Replacing just theCPU, even if the motherboard tests out OK, is kind of risky and usually tough to justifyfrom a price/performance standpoint unless the system was practically new, say less thana half a year old.

If you still have a no power situation, not to mention no beeps and no video, you'reprobably looking at a bad motherboard. Again, this diagnosis assumes that you wentthrough the Video Failure diagnostics, which would have forced you through the PowerSupply Failure diagnostics as well. I still wouldn't be in a hurry to take a gun to themotherboard. Get your system operating with a replacement motherboard and all theidentical parts that the old motherboard failed with before you make the trash candecision.


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Does the system power right up, give a happy beep or two, then freeze on the BIOSscreen? This can occur on an all text screen, during or after memory count, whilechecking for drives, or the feared "Verifying DMI Data Pool." The problem is very likelydue to a conflict, most like between the adapters but also possibly between incompatibledrives sharing a bus.

Strip the system down to bare-bones, just a power supply, motherboard, minimum RAM,CPU and heat sink, and video adapter. If the system no longer freezes when it's strippeddown, but complains about the lack of a boot device, proceed to Conflict Resolution.

Try swapping the RAM around, reordering the banks if you have more than one bank ofRAM installed, or moving the only module installed to a neighboring slot. If this doesn'tcure the freeze-up, and you have some suitable known good RAM from another system,try it. If the RAM currently installed doesn't meet the motherboard manufacturer specs,you shouldn't be using it; even if it seemed to work until this point. Improperly selected

RAM can be the cause of problems ranging from no-boot to intermittent lock-ups. Is theRAM seated correctly and in the proper quantities (i.e., number of modules, addition ofcontinuity modules, or CRIMMs, if you are using RIMMs). Also make sure that thesystem didn't use tinned (silver color) contacts against gold contacts, or the dissimilarmetals will cause corrosion over time due to a constant electrical current when the poweris off. Replacing RAM at this point isn't a guaranteed proposition, but it's a good item toeliminate. Don't toss out the RAM you remove because you may find out later that it'sactually good.

If you aren't using the default CMOS settings, try restoring them all at this point. You canusually restore these from a major CMOS menu item like "Restore Default Settings" or"BIOS Default Settings." The default settings usually put everything on autodetect anduse the recommended timing for the RAM. This means if you're overclocking, stop it, atleast until you get the system running again. It doesn't matter whether or not overclockingthe exact same CPU or RAM in a friend's system worked without a hitch, you'reexceeding the manufacturers recommendations so it's a gamble.

An overheating will cause the system to quickly lock up. Remove the existing heat sinkand fan, make sure that the fan is working properly AND that the geometry of the bottomof the heat sink will bring it in full contact with the exposed CPU die or the top of theCPU package. See my illustrated guide for how to replace a cpu. Apply an approved

thermal grease or thermal tape before reinstalling the heat sink. Don't put on too muchthermal grease or you'll just make a mess. The thermal media is only there to fill themicroscopic gaps between the die surface and the heat sink. Don't improvise your thermalmaterial, go to a computer or electronics store and buy some. Installing heat sinks can befrustrating, but this isn't a "bash away at it" process. You can damage the CPU if you startcracking the heat sink against it in an attempt to get the heasink to sit right. Be patient,study the mechanical connections, make sure you aren't hitting some poorly placed


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component on the motherboard and check that your heat sink isn't so oversized it justwon't fit on the particular motherboard.

Make sure the fan on that heat sink spins up the second that power comes on. If it doesn't,despite being connected to the correct power point (see the motherboard manual), replace

it with a new active heat sink unit. Make sure the bottom surface of the new unit willmake full contact with the exposed CPU die or the top of the CPU package. The only

problem with replacing an active heat sink is it may be too late for your CPU. CPUs havean unfortunate tendency to damage themselves when they overheat. Some CPUs can gointo thermal runaway and destroy themselves in a matter of seconds without propercooling.


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Phn tchvideo

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RAM, CPU


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LI MOTHERBOARD, RAM, CPU

Mn hnh ca bn c ln hay khng. Mt thng bo ni rng Khng c tn hiu videohay ci g tng t khng c tnh trong trng hp ny. Bn cn t nht l 1 mnhnh bios, hay 1 bios h thng hoc 1 b chuyn i ti bios.

H thng ca bn c ln ngun hay khng? Bn c nghe thy ting bp, a quay,qut .... Nu khng ln ngun hy x l li ngun. Nu vic phn tch ngun cung cpdn bn n y. Hy kim tra li 1 ln na trc khi kim tra n motherboard.

Nu mn hnh ca bn khng ln hnh v bn cha chn on li video. ng b qua ccbc nh: kim tra dy in v cm. Nu bn b qua bc chn on video v tip tcvi s motherboard, bn c th kt thc vi vic phi mua v thay th 1 linh kin phncng cn tt.

Mt trong nhng li thng gp nht sau li main v li nng cp ram l vic lp ccthanh ram khng ng cch. Trc khi lp ram phi h thp cc n by. Sau khi ccthanh ram vo v tr chnh xc th phi nng n by ln v kha li. Nu bn ang sdng 1 b nh RIMM(Rambus inline memory module) c, cc module trong 1 bank phikhp nhau, v bn phi ci t CRIMMs (Continuity RIMMS) trong 1 khe cm trng.

Nu bn ang s dng SIMM (Single inline memory modules), mi bank cn 1 cp.Trong c 2 trng hp, ph hp khng c ngha ch l cng nng lc v tc , n cn cngha l cng nh sn xut.

Mt s l do 1 h thng c 1 b ngun tt m vn khng ln ngun c cptrong phn phn tch ngun. Mt l do khc l vic lp cpu sai, cho d l loi cpu slothay socket. Vi nh sng tt, s dng n pin nu cn thit, hy m bo rng cc chncpu nm c nh trong socket. iu c ngha l tn nhit hon ton song song vi bmt main. Nh vy cpu c th n hon ton di tn nhit khng th nhn thy cc cnh.Vn ny ch lin quan nu bn nng cp cpu hoc lp t 1 mainboard mi, v socketkha cpu rt vng v cn c s gp phn thm ca tn nhit. Nu l 1 socket mi, bn

phi loi b tn nhit v kim tra thit hi trc quan nh chn c b nghin nt hoc bcong hay khng. CPU s khng c nh nu thanh kha socket khng nng cc khe ln

trc khi a cpu vo, hoc khng h cc khe xung sau . Nu cpu khng c nhtrong socket, c th do socket li hoc bn gn cpu sai mainboard. Trong hn 1 thp kti cha thy cpu leo ra khi socket do sc nhit.

Tht kh kh khn ni khe cm cpu l loi c nu ch qua kim tra trc quan. V vykhi khng chc chn, ti t li chng. Bn cnh , bn c th loi b v t li khe cmcpu m khng cn loi b tn nhit. Hy chc chn bn xc nh chnh xc n by th


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trn 1 khi khe cm cpu, n thng nm pha trn cng ca khi cpu, bn trong cu trch tr ca mainboard.

Cpu h l 1 l do h thng b li. Tt c cc cpu hin i i hi phi c tn nhit, vhu ht trong s ny l 1 tn nhit ng, vi 1 qut trn. Bn c th gp 1 tn nhit

c sn xut hng lot m khng c qut, cc nh sn xut c nhng k s ti nng lm cc phn tch su v nhit v xc nh lung khng kh trn tn nhit th ng gi cho cpu hot ng trong khong nit cho php. Khi c qut trn tn nhit, n

phi c ni chnh xc n cc im ngun trn mainboard bios theo di tnh trngbt hay tt ca n. Nu bn lp t 1 cpu mi v khng h tr h thng tn nhit, n cth b li. Nu qut tn nhit ca bn khng quay, thay th n bng loi tt. Hy chcchn rng bn nhn thy qut tn nhit mi hot ng. Nu khng c th im ngun trnmainboard b li.

Nu h thng ca bn ln ngun, cu hi tip theo l, bn c nghe thy ting bp pht rat loa ca motherboard. Nu motherboard ca bn khng c loa p in tch hp nhngc mt cng kt ni loa pha sau bn cnh kt ni power v reset (thng pha trcgc tri ca motherboard) nh km 1 loa ca case. Nu bn nghe thy 1 chui bp di, thng l h ram, trong khi 1 chui lp i lp li c th do ram hoc video. Cc m bpkhc phn ln b b qua k t khi ngi s dng khng th thay th cc thnh phnngoi. Cho d c ting bp hay khng, ti lun gn li dy b chuyn i video v b nhram, c bit ch cc n by kha trn khe cm b nh.

Thit lp ca mainboard c mc nh khng? Cho d bn a vo 1 mainboard mihoc b la vi vic p xung, khi phc li cc thit lp mc nh. Vic ny thngc thc hin vi 1 jumper hay cng tc. Nhng i khi n bao gm vic di chuyn vi

jumper hay cng tc. Ly gi tr mc nh t ti liu hng dn ca motherboard. Nubn khng th tm thy nhng hng dn ban u hoc xc nh ti liu tng ng trninternet bn c th phi b qua th tc ny. i khi tem trn motherboard y chi tit lm vic mc nh, nhng bn cn i mt tht tt c c n.

Mc d chng ti ang lp i lp li mt cht v vic phn tch ngun cung cp. Tho gdn h thng l bc tip theo trong tnh hung khng ln ngun. Tho dy ngun trc

mi s thay i trong case. Ngt kt ni a, kt ni li dy ngun v th btngun.Tip theo bt u g b cc b chuyn i, cc b chuyn i video g sau cng,kt ni li ngun v th li sau mi ln thay i m bo tm ra thnh phn b li.

Chy motherboard m khng c case l 1 k thut ph bin c s dng bi cc kthut vin loi b s ni t v ngn mch khng bnh thng hay cc vn c kh


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khc. N cng lm cho vic thay i cpu d dng hn. Ti thng lm cc th nghimca mnh trn 1 hp cc tng vi 1 ti chng tnh in hoc foam (tm bt lm t nhaPVC) gia motherboard v cc tng. Bn nn canh chng khi th nghim nu khng hpcc tng s bt la. Nu motherboard th nghim chy ngun bn s dng trong case

bn s c 1 s vn khi to hnh. Nu bn lm cng vic sa cha hay kim tra thngxuyn. Bn nn c 1 ngun ring s dng.

Hy chc chn rng 1 standoffs (cy ni di l bt vt) khng cao hn nhng ci cn li, khi gn vo motherboard khng phi chu p lc. Kim tra mi standoffs nhn thyc trong l bt vt. Cch d nht l m s vt, m s standoffs, v chc chn rngkhng cn c vt st li sau khi gn motherboard. C th c 1 on b thiu do tstandoffs sai v tr, c vt lng, kim loi km cht lng. C ln ti gp phi 1standoffs ngn, n gy ra 1 chui ting bp nh b li ram, nhng khng lm hngmotherboard. V cn c kh nng hnh dng ca case khng tt ( sai b rng hay caokhi np c ng li ), n to ra p lc c kh cho motherboard khin n b h mch.

Nu bn khng th tm ra nguyn nhn ca vn , ng ngi th 1 ci case khc .

Nu bn vn b mt ngun vi motherboard chy bn ngoi case, y chc chn l nibn c th tm thy linh kn b h. Thay i cpu m bn bit n cn tt, thm ch ch thnghim nhanh cng ng qun gn tn nhit v kt ni qut lm mt. Ti c gi li 1 scpu c gi r cho mc ch ny, ch trong trng hp motherboard l nguyn nhn lmh cpu. Mt l do tt ca vic gi li thit lp mc nh ca motherboard l gip bnkhng phi mt cng trong bc ny. Nu cpu c v qut tn nhit ca bn b h, chc

chn rng vic qut tn nhit h l nguyn nhn gy li cho cpu. Nu qut tn nhit anghot ng, bn hy on xem cpu b li do tn nhit km, ci t motherboard khngng, hay do motherboard cung cp nng lng cho cpu khng tt.Nu motherboard lloi c v bn c 1 cp d phng, hy thay th cpu v motherboard vi nhau. Thay thcpu, ngay c khi test motherboard ok l vic lm nguy him v kh c th chng minhcho quan im gi c/ hiu qu tr khi h thng ang cn mi (s dng t hn na nm).

Nu bn vn ri vo trng hp mt ngun, khng c ting bp v khng c video, c lmotherboard b h. Mt ln na gi nh rng bn i qua cc chn on li ngun

cng nh khng video. Ti vn khng c vi vng cha mi nhn vo motherboard.Nu h thng ca bn c 1 motherboard thay th v mi b phn u gingmotherboard c nhng vn b li th bn hy quyt nh nm n vo thng rc.

H thng ln ngun, c 1 vi ting bp, sau ng im ti mn hnh bios. iu ny cth lm xut hin mt mn hnh vn bn, trong hoc sau khi tnh ton b nh, trong khikim tra cc a, hoc Verifying DMI Data Pool. C th vn y l s xung t,


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nht l gia cc b iu hp nhng cng c th gia cc a khng tng thch chia scng bus.

Bc ti tn xng sng ca h thng, n ch bao gm ngun cung cp in, motherboard,b nh Ram ti thiu, cpu, tn nhit v b iu hp video. Nu h thng khng cn b

ng bng, nhng ni rng thiu mt thit b khi ng, hy bt tay vo x l xung t.

Nu bn c nhiu hn mt bank Ram c ci t hy th trao i b nh Ram gia ccbank, hoc di chuyn mt module sang khe cm bn cnh. Nu h thng vn ng bng,v bn c mt s Ram tt, ph hp h thng khc, hy th n. Nu b nh Ram angci t khng p ng c cc thng s ca nh sn xut motherboard, bn khng nns dng n ngay c khi dng nh n ang hot ng. Chn sai Ram c th l nguynnhn ca nhiu vn : khi ng gin on, treo khi khi ng. B nh Ram phi cgn c nh v s lng thch hp(v d: s lng cc module , thm cc module lin tip

nhau, hoc CRIMMs, nu bn ang s dng CRIMMs). Ngoi ra hy chc chn rng hthng khng c trng thic( mu bc ) s tip xc khng tt vi vng, hay cc kim loikhc nhau s c s n mn theo thi gian do c mt in th hin din lin tc khi ttngun. Thay th Ram vo lc ny khng phi l mt xut hay. Nhng n l mt th cth loi b c. ng b cc thanh Ram bn g ra v sau ny c th bn thy n vncn tt. Nu bn khng s dng cc thit lp mc nh cho CMOS, by gi hy c gngkhi phc li. Bn thng c th khi phc li CMOS t cc trnh n nh: RestoreDefault Setting hay Bios Default Setting. Cc thit lp mc nh thng t tt c mith vo ch pht hin t ng v s dng khuyn co nh thi cho Ram. iu ny c

ngha l nu bn ang p xung, hy loi b n, t nht cho n khi bn c c mt hthng lm vic bnh thng. Khng quan trng vic bn c p xung chnh xc cho Ramv Cpu hay khng, h thng vn lm vic m khng cn s thc y no, y c th lmt canh bc v bn ang vt qu cc khuyn co ca nh sn xut.

S qu nhit s khin h thng nhanh chng b treo. G b tn nhit v qut hin c, mbo rng qut tn nhit ang lm vic chnh xc v hnh dng ca y tn nhit s mangli cho n s tip xc chc chn vi nh cpu. Xem hng dn minh ha lm th no thay th cpu. Qut lp kem tn nhit c kim tra hoc dn bng nhit trc khi gn

li b tn nhit. Khng qut qu nhiu keo tn nhit nu khng bn s lm bn n. Ccmi trng truyn nhit ch lp y cc khong trng nh gia b mt cpu v tnnhit. N khng lm bin i vt liu tn nhit ca bn, c th mua mt t ti cc cahng my tnh, in t. Gn tn nhit c th gy bc bi nhng khng c p mnhvo n. Bn c th lm h cpu nu lm nt tn nhit, hy n lc lm tn nhit ngv tr. Hy kin nhn, nghin cu cc kt ni c kh, m bo rng bn khng nhn 1 s


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thnh phn sai ch trn motherboard v kim tra xem tn nhit ca bn c qu kh haykhng, n s khng ph hp trn mt s motherboard.

Hy chc chn rng qut tn nhit c in. Nu khng d c kt ni chnh xc vingun (xem hng dn s dng motherboard), hy thay th n bng tn nhit mi hot

ng c. Hy chc chn rng b mt di ca tn nhit mi c gn kt vi pha trncpu. Khi bn thay th tn nhit hot ng, c th qu mun cho cpu ca bn. CPU cxu hng b h hi khi qu nng. Mt s CPU c th nng ln v h hng ch trong mtvi giy khng c lm mt thch hp.

mother, ram, cpu failure

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