mother earth and environment

8/23/2019 Mother Earth and Environment

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Localized environmental health problems such asinadequate household water and sanitation and indoor airpollution. City-regional environmental problems such as ambient airpollution, inadequate waste management and pollution ofrivers, lakes and coastal areas. Extra-urban impacts of urban activities such as ecologicaldisruption and resource depletion in a citys hinterland,and emissions of acid precursors and greenhouse gases. Regional or global environmental burdens that arise fromactivities outside a citys boundaries, but which will affectpeople living in the city


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MOST DANGEREOUSPART OFURBANDEVELOPMENTPOLLUTION ?


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Plastic shopping bags are among the most ubiquitousconsumer items on Earth. Their light weight, low cost, andwater resistance make them so convenient for carryinggroceries, clothing, and other routine purchases that it'shard to imagine life without them. Weighing just a fewgrams and averaging a few millimeters in thickness,plastic bags might seem thoroughly innocuouswere itnot for the sheer number produced. Factories around theworld churned out a whopping 4-5 trillion of them in2002, ranging from large trash bags to thick shoppingtotes to flimsy grocery sacks


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Compared with paper bags, producing plasticones uses less energy and water and generatesless air pollution and solid waste. Plastic bagsalso take up less space in a landfill. But manyof these bags never make it to landfills;instead, they go airborne after they arediscardedgetting caught in fences, trees,even the throats of birds, and clogging gutters,sewers, and waterways. To avoid theseimpacts, the best alternative is to carry and re-use your own durable cloth bags.


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Plastic bags start as crude oil, natural gas, or otherpetrochemical derivatives, which are transformed intochains of hydrogen and carbon molecules known aspolymers or polymer resin. After being heated, shaped,and cooled, the plastic is ready to be flattened, sealed,punched, or printed on. The first plastic baggies for bread, sandwiches, fruits,and vegetables were introduced in the United States in1957. Plastic trash bags started appearing in homes andalong curbsides around the world by the late 1960s.


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A quarter of the plastic bags used in wealthynations are now produced in Asia. Each year, Americans throw away some 100billion polyethylene plastic bags. (Only 0.6

percent of plastic bags are recycled.) The Irish have been known to call the ever-present bags their national flag; SouthAfricans have dubbed them the nationalflower.


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Think twice about taking a plastic bag if yourpurchase is small and easy to carry. Keep canvas bags in your home, office, and car soyou always have them available when you go tothe supermarket or other stores. Ask your favorite stores to stop providing bagsfor free, or to offer a discount for not using thebags. Encourage your local politicians to introducelegislation taxing or banning plastic bags.


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Cleanly converting nonrecyclable materialsinto energy through direct combustion orafter conversion into secondary fuels;

Reducing societal consumption of non-

renewable fuels ; Development of alternative, green, low-

carbon or renewable energy sources;

C ti d t i bl f


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Conservation and sustainable use ofscarce resources such as water,land,and air;

Protection of representative orunique or pristine ecosystems;Preservation of threatened and

endangered species extinction;The establishment of nature andbiosphere reserves under varioustypes of protection; and, most

generally, the protection ofbiodiversity and ecosystems uponwhich all human and other life onearth depends


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mother earth and environment

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