most probable question

Most Probable Questions ....Page 2 I Why they are very probable questions?....Page 6 I Explanatory Answers to these questions....Page 8

How Questionsare being selected for theIAS Preliminary Exam?All IAS aspirants know the fact that 60 to 70 % of the questions asked in the UPSC Prelims are in one way oranother related to a question asked in any of the past Prelims. Critics of this theory argues that exams of allcourses and not just the IAS prelims, have this feature. Then how to make a sensible approach in selecting themost probable questions for the Prelims? To find an answer to this question, JTS Institute have assigned sevenSubject experts who have very good exposure to question paper setting of similar type. After about a detailedresearch of almost one and a half years, they have decoded the UPSC pattern after a nano analysis of theprevious papers and found that:1. 58 % of the questions are compiled based on some events happened in the previous year ended one-twomonths before the exam. But none of these questions are direct questions.2. 27 % questions are asked from the same topics covered in the past exams and on an elimination processdone on the past 20 years papers to avoid repeating of the same questions.3. 7 % of the questions are almost directly from current events happened in the previous year ended one-twomonths before the exam.4. Remaining 8% of the questions could not be decoded, because these questions seems to be asked forreasons only the examiners know.We have decided to approach the IAS Prelims 2014 with the above findings and asked those experts toprepare a set of the Most Expected Questions exclusively for the IAS Prelims 2014. Those questions will beincluded in the All India Test Series being held in July and additional questions will be included in a book whichalso will be issued to all those who attend these tests. For your information we have given in the followingpages, 21 questions selected for the prelims 2014 with comments on why these questions are considered as themost expected or probable questions for the IAS Prelims 2014.

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MEQ Secrets Prelims Paper -I

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STRATEGY 2014JTS Institute

Given below are some of the questions we consideras the most expected or probable questions for theIAS Prelims 2014. You will not see these questionsanywhere else, because all these questions have beenprepared by our Research and Innovation Groupexclusively for the Prelims 2014. 3 questions each fromGeography, History, Polity, Economy, Environment,Science and Technology and General Science are given.Hundreds of questions prepared on the similar strategyhave been included in the All India Test Series 2014offered by JTS Institute.First you read the question carefully and see therelevance section given from page 6 to know whythat question is a most expected question for the Prelims2014. Explanatory answers to all questions have beengiven on page 8-13.

A. GEOGRAPHY

Q.1. Consider the following statements madeabout Anorthosite rock:1.Anorthosite, type of intrusive igneousrock composed predominantly of calcium-rich plagioclase feldspar.2.All anorthosites found on Earth consist of coarsecrystals, but some samples of the rock taken from theMoon are finely crystalline.3.Most anorthosites formed during Precambrian times.4.The Earth has much more anorthosite than theMoon.

Select the correct statements using the codesgiven below:(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1, 2 and 3(c) 1 and 4 (d) All the above

Q. 2. A Super Volcano1. is a volcano that has erupted and deposited morethan 5000 cubic kilometers of material. 2. can occur either when magma in the mantle rises intothe crust from a hotspot but is unable to break throughthe crust, thus pressure builds in a large and growingmagma pool until the crust is unable to containthe pressure (this is the case for the YellowstoneCaldera), but they can also form at convergent plateboundaries Which of the above statements are correct?

codes:a. 1 only b. 2 onlyc. Both are correct d. Both are wrong

Q.3. Which one of the following pairs of Statesand tribes is not correctly matched?(a) Assam : Miri(b) Nagaland : Konyak(c) Arunachal Pradesh : Apatani(d) Madhya Pradesh : Reang

B. HISTORY

Q.4 Operation Chengiz Khan wasa. the code name assigned to a series of violent borderincidents after the 1959 Tibetan uprising, when Indiahad granted asylum to the Dalai Lamab. was the code name assigned to the preemptivestrikes carried out by the Pakistani Air Force (PAF) onthe forward airbases and radar installations ofthe Indian Air Force (IAF)that marked the formalinitiation of hostilities of the Indo-Pakistani War of1971.

Most Expected Questionsfor the Prelims 2014

Why Test Series is vital in your success in the Prelims?Many candidates fail in the Prelims not because of their poor preparation but becauseof their Test Taking Skills are poor. According to a recent study, attending at least 3mock tests, based on micro analysis of the actual exam pattern, enhances your testtaking ability by 23%. All India Test Series offered by JTS Institute gives you 10Rehearsal Tests for the Prelims 2014, which are prepared according to a very scientificmicro analysis of the UPSC Exam pattern.

Click here for details of 10 Full Syllabus Rehearsal Tests (5 each for Paper I & II) thatcontains the Most Expected Questions exclusively set for the Prelims 2014.

mailto:[email protected]

https://www.jtsinstitute.com/ias/test-series

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c. was the code name assigned to a Diplomatic initiativeby the External Affairs Ministry of India to have abetter cordial relationship with Chinad. was the code name assigned to the programmedesigned by the Government of India for therehabilitation of Tibetan refugees in 1959

Q.5. The government of India currently followswhich of the following criteria to determine theeligibility of language to be considered forclassification as “classical language”?1. High antiquity of its early texts/recorded historyover a period of 1,500-2,000 years2. A body of ancient l iterature/texts which isconsidered a valuable heritage by generations ofspeakers3. The literary tradition be original and not borrowedfrom another speech community.4. There cannot be a discontinuity between the classicallanguage and its later forms or its offshoots.Select the correct answer using the codes given below.codesa. 1 ,2 and 4 only b. 2 ,3 and 4 onlyc. 1 ,2 and 3 only d. All are correctConsider the following statements

Q.6. Condiser the following statements1.The Simla Agreement was signed between India and Pakistan in 19722. The Simla Accord was a treaty signed which resultedin the creation of Bangladesh as an independent state.3. The convention popularly known as the SimlaAccord was presided over by Indira Gandhi,the Prime Minister of India and Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto,the President of PakistanWhich of the above statements are correct?(a) 1 Only(b) 1 and 2 only(c) 2 and 3 only(d) 1, 2 and 3

C. POLITY

Q 7. Which of the statements given below aboutthe appointment of Supreme Court judges arecorrect?1. Constitution provides for three categories of personsto be appointed to the Supreme Court Bench-highcourt judges, lawyers and distinguished jurists..2. In appointing the new Chief Justice of India, thePresident shall, besides the advice of the council ofministers, consult the sitting Chief Justice.3. The method of selection of judges by a collegiumof Supreme Court judges finds no place in theConstitution.codes(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3(c) 1 and 3 (d) All the above

Q.8. Which of the statements given below aboutcourt martial is/are correct?1.The military courts can award punishment to itspersonnel subject to Civil Laws. 2. According to the Army Act, Army courts can trypersonnel for all kinds of offences.3. The Indian Army is still following the system ofmilitary justice it inherited from the British4. The provisions for summary courts martial werenot introduced into the regular army till the sepoymutiny of 1857.codes:a. 1 and 2 only b. 2 and 3 onlyc. 3 and 4 only d. All are correct

Q.9. Which of the following definitions ofJuvenile/Child under a national legislations is notcorrect?(a) The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection ofChildren) Act, 2000 defines “juvenile” or “Child” as aperson who has not completed eighteenth year of age.(b) According to the Child Labor (Prohibition andRegulation) Act, 1986 “Child” means a person whohas not completed the age of 14 years.(c) Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1929. defines a childas a person who, if a male, has not completed twenty

How the Most Expected Questions are being set?Till now you have gone through 8 questions given in this booklet and found out thereason why these questions are considered as the most expected questions for thePrelims 2014. Just imagine you get hundreds of such MOST EXPECTEDQUESTIONS exclusively compiled for the Civil Services Preliminary Exam 2014.The good news is that the All India Test Series 2014 offered by JTS Institute givesyou many such questions.




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one years of age, and if a female, has not completedeighteen years of age.(d) According to the Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act,1956-”Child” means a person who has not completedthe age of eighteen years.

D. ECONOMY

Q.10. The new Companies Act, 2013, has made itmandatory for companies to be sociallyresponsible by introducing the ‘corporate socialresponsibility’ (CSR) regime. In this context,which of the following statements are correct?1. The CSR activities will have to be within India, andthe new rules will also apply to foreign companiesregistered here.2. Funds given to political parties and the money spentfor the benefit of the company’s own employees (andtheir families) will not count as CSR.3. The CSR rules will take effect from April 1, as partof the new Companies Act. They will apply to allcompanies registered under the Indian Companies Act.codes(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3(c) 1 and 3 (d) All the above

Q.11. Financial Stability and DevelopmentCouncil is an apex-level body constitutedby government of India toa) to strengthen and institutionalise the mechanism ofmaintaining financial stability, financial sectordevelopment, inter-regulatory coordination along withmonitoring macro-prudential regulation of economy.b) to assist National Development Council indeveloping innovative programmes and policies withthe aim of improving inclusive growth across all sectorsof the economy.c) to develop innovative strategies to regulate the stockexchanges in India, with the objective of controllingall kinds of unethical practices that adversely affectthe image of India’s securities market in a world canvass.d) to evaluate the policy proposals of the Ministry ofFinance and the Reserve Bank of India in such a waythat, such proposals are recession proof and does notadversely affect the economic growth of India in anymanner whatsoever.

Q.12. Which of the following statements aboutBharatiya Mahila Bank is not correct?(a) The bank aims to service women and women-runbusinesses(b)The bank support women’s self-help groups andtheir livelihoods and promote further financialinclusion.(c) The bank aims to become the number one mahilabank in India from its second positing at present. (d) One of the key objectives of the bank is to focuson the banking needs of women and promoteeconomic empowerment.

E.ENVIRONMENT

Q.13. The carrying capacity 1. is the number of individuals an environment cansupport without significant negative impacts to thegiven organism and its environment.2. of a biological species in an environment is themaximum population size of the species that theenvironment can sustain indefinitely, given the food,habitat, water and other necessities available in theenvironment3. is the environment’s maximal load, which is differentfrom the concept of population equilibrium.4. environment may vary for different species and maychange over time due to a variety of factors, including:food availability, water supply, environmentalconditions and living space.Which of the above statements are correct?codes:a. 1 ,2 and 4 only b. 2 ,3 and 4 onlyc. 1 ,2 and 3 only d. All are correct

Q.14. The electrical output of a solar cell dependson the(a) Intensity of solar radiation(b) Heat component of solar radiation(c) Ultraviolet radiation(d) Infrared radiation

Q.15. Major Indian deltas including Ganga-Brahmaputra, Krishna-Godavari, Brahmani andMahanadi are sinking. In this context which of thefollowing statements are correct?1. Humans are sinking deltas four times faster than thesea level is rising2. A proliferation of large dams that starve deltas ofsediment, groundwater mining that causes landcompaction, and artificial levees that affect river courses,have been responsible for the subsiding of majorIndian deltas

The only Advantage youNeedA Win at any level in any game againstanyone is based on anticipation and realsituation forecasting. You have to thinklike your opponent and know his move.Knowing what kind of questions will beasked by your examiner gives you astrategic advantage over him.What the Test series offered by JTSInstitute does is just that.Click here for details of 10 Full SyllabusRehearsal Tests (5 each for Paper I & II)that contains the Most ExpectedQuestions exclusively set for the Prelims2014.



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3. Krishna delta has witnessed a 94 per cent reductionin sediment deposition.(a) 1 Only(b) 1 and 2 only(c) 2 and 3 only(d) 1, 2 and 3

F.SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Q.16.Recently India has successfully put in orbitits second dedicated navigation satellite, theIndian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS-1B), developed by the Indian SpaceResearch Organisation. In this context which ofthe following statements are correct?1. It will provide an indigenous alternative to the UnitedStates’ Global Positioning System (GPS) by 2016.2. Once the seven satellite IRNSS program becomesfully operational by 2016, it will not only positivelyimpact the lives of common Indians but will also be astrategic game-changer with its immense defense,security and counter-terrorism applications.3. India has become one among the group of 7member group of countries having own NavigationSatellite System 4. In defence, the IRNSS will help missiles in accuratelyreaching their targets — be it a town or installation.codes:a. 1 ,2 and 4 only b. 2 ,3 and 4 onlyc. 1 ,2 and 3 only d. All are correct

Q.17. Japanese encephalitis1. is a viral disease that infects only humans.2. is a disease caused by a flavi virus that affects themembranes around the brain.3. is transmitted by mosquitoes and in humans causesinflammation of the membranes around the brainWhich of the above statements are correct?codes:a. 1 and 2 only b. 2 and 3 onlyc. 1 and 3 only d. All are correct

Q.18. Why Do Scientists Study Supernovas?1. A supernova burns for only a short period of time,but it can tell scientists a lot about the universe.2. One kind of supernova has shown scientists thatwe live in an expanding universe, one that is growingat an ever increasing rate.3. Scientists also have determined that supernovas playa key role in distributing elements throughout theuniverse. 4. When the star explodes, it shoots elementsand debris into space, that elements travel on to formnew stars, planets and everything else in the universeand many of the elements we find here on Earth aremade in the core of stars.Which of the above statements are correct(a) 1,2 and 3(b) 1,2,3 and 4(c) 2,3 and 4(d) 1,3 and 4

G .GENERALL SCIENCE

Q.19. Chemical weapon1. is a toxic chemical contained in a delivery system,such as a bomb or shell.2. is applied to any toxic chemical or its precursorthat can cause death, injury, temporary incapacitationor sensory irritation through its chemical action. 3. relies on the physiological effects of a chemical, soagents used to produce smoke or flame, as herbicides,or for riot control, are not considered to be chemicalweapons.4. are of great concern because they are cheaper andeasier to manufacture and deliver than nuclear orbiological weapons.Which of the above statements about chemical weaponare correct?codesa. 1 and 2 only b. 2 and 3 onlyc. 3 and 4 only d. All are correct

Q.20. What are opioides?1. Opioids are a type of narcotic pain medicationwhich can have serious side effects if you don’t usethem correctly.2. Opioids are drugs that work by binding to opioidreceptors in the brain, spinal cord, and other areas ofthe body. They reduce the sending of pain messagesto the brain and reduce feelings of pain.3. Opioids are used to treat moderate to severe painthat may not respond well to other pain medications.4. Opioids are any psychoactive chemical thatresembles morphine or other opiates in itspharmacological effects. codesa. 1 and 2 only b. 2 and 3 onlyc. 3 and 4 only d. All are correct

Q.21. Consider the following statements1. Super-heavy elements are elements beyond atomicnumber 1042. Super-heavy elements are not found naturally onEarth, and thus have to be created synthetically withina laboratory. Which of the above are correct?(a) 1 only(b) 2 only(c) both are correct(d) both are not correct


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Relevance of Q.1. Anorthosite rock fromSithampoondi and Kunnamalai, (65 km from Salemon the Salem–Tiruchengode highway in TamilNadu)which closely resembles the lunar soil in it’schemical and mechanical properties, was pulverisedand brought to the lunar terrain facility in the ISROSatellite Integration and Testing Establishment (ISITE)in Bangalore to test the rover’s movements. (Reportfrom: The Hindu S&T dated 11 May 2014)

Relevance of Q.2. Scientists in the first week ofDecember 2013 in their report claimed that the supervolcano lying beneath Yellowstone National Park inUS is much larger than it was thought previously.(BBC News)

Relevance of Q.3. After a gap of almost three years,repatriation of Mizoram Reang tribe refugees housedin Kanchanpur in north Tripura commenced on 30September 2013. (Pioneer Report)

Relevance of Q.4 . A Bangladesh war crimes tribunalhas awarded death penalty to Salauddin QuaderChowdhary, a top BNP leader and MP, for murderand genocide during the 1971 Liberation War. (Newspaper reports)

Relevance of Q.5. Odia has became the sixthlanguage of the country to get “classical language’’ statusafter the Union Cabinet conceded a long-pendingdemand for putting it in the same league as Sanskrit,Tamil, Telugu, Kannada and Malayalam. (Report fromPress Information Bureau)

Relevance of Q. 6-2014 is the centenary year of the“McMahon Line” . It was 100 years back Sir HenryMcMahon drew the “McMahon Line” as the Sino-Indian border at a meeting in Simla.

Relevance of Q. 7. In an unprecedented decision,the collegium headed by Chief Justice of India RMLodha has recommended names of two previoussolicitors general — Gopal Subramaniam and RFNariman — to the government for appointment asjudges of the Supreme Court. (Report from: TheTimes of India dated 14 May 2014)

Relevance of Q.8. On December 25 the Armydecideed to court martial six military personnel forthe murder of three civilians in a fake encounter onApril 30, 2010 at Machhil in Kashmir.

Relevance of Q.9.The Supreme Court on 28 March2014 has refused to lower the age of a juvenile from18, saying the legislature has fixed the age, which isconstitutionally permissible.

Relevance of Q.10. The new Companies Act, 2013,has made it mandatory for companies to be sociallyresponsible by introducing the ‘corporate socialresponsibility’ (CSR) regime. (Business Today 18March 2014)

Relevance of Q.11. A high-power committee underthe Financial Stability and Development Council(FSDC) has been set up to find ways for the bankingsector to comply with Basel-III capital norms.(The Hindu dated March 8, 2014)

Why/How these Questions areconsidered as the Most ExpectedQuestions for the Prelims 2014 ?

WHY

HOW

Don’t beat around the bush... see only your target.Your target now is the 180 questions in the prelims 2014. From page 1 of this bookletyou have learned, the secret of how questions are being asked in the Prelims and alsoseen some sample questions prepared on the basis of that secret.Now a wise decision is to focuss on such questions which are the MOST EXPECTED.All India Test Series offered by JTS Institute gives you hundreds of such questionswith explanatory answers.




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Relevance of Q.12. Bharatiya Mahila Bank wasinaugurated on 19 November 2013.

Relevance of Q.13. Uttarakhand and HimachalPradesh, two hill states in the Himalayan range, werethe worst hit by the extreme rains that struck northernIndia in the wake of monsoons that set in early2013.Maharaj Pandit, professor with Delhi University.says that a study should be conducted to assess thecarrying capacity of the Himalaya and developmentshould be planned accordingly. (Down To Earthdated Jun 18, 2013)

Relevance of Q.14. Gujarat Chief Minister NarendraModi launched a 130-MW solar power plant atBhagwanpur in Neemuch, Madhya Pradesh on 26February 2014. (Report from The Hidnustan Timesdated February 26, 2014)

Relevance of Q.15. Reports of recent studies onlyreveled these alarming facts.

Relevance of Q.16. ISRO’s Polar Satellite LaunchVehicle, PSLV-C24, successfully launched IRNSS-1B,the second satellite in the Indian Regional NavigationSatellite System (IRNSS) recently (ISRO PressRelease dated 4 April 2014)

Relevance of Q.17. India on October 4, 2013launched its first indigenous vaccine to protect childrenfrom Japanese encephalitis. Until now, the country hasbeen importing the vaccine from China. (Report fromThe Hindu dated October 4, 2013)

Relevance of Q.18. Because Scientists have recentlyrecreated scaled supernova explosions in the laboratoryto investigate one of this most energetic events in theUniverse, using laser beams 60,000 billion times morepowerful than a laser pointer.

Relevance of Q.19. The Norwegian NobelCommittee has decided that the Nobel Peace Prizefor 2013 is to be awarded to the Organisation for theProhibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) for itsextensive efforts to eliminate chemical weapons.(PressRelease from The Norwegian Nobel Committee,dated 11 October 2013)

Relevance of Q.20. The Lok Sabha on 20 February2014 passed the Narcotic Drugs and PsychotropicSubstances (Amendment) Bill, 2011, simplifying theregulations for procuring and possessing narcotic drugswhen used for medicinal purposes. (Report from theHindu dated February21, 2013)

Relevance of Q.21. It is a memorable event forscientists in India. Drs Susant Lahiri and Moumita Maitifrom the Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics (SINP)joined the other international collaborators led byProfessor Christoph Duellmann at GSI HelmholtzCentre for Heavy Ion Research, in carrying out thehistoric experiment. Presently, Dr Maiti works in theIndian Institute of Technology, Roorkee. : The teamincluded 72 scientists and engineers from 16 institutionsin Australia, Finland, Germany, India, Japan, Norway,Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom,and the United States. (Report from the Hindudated February21, 2013)

What is THE BEST Strategy for sure SUCCESS in thePrelims?Firstly, Learn the back ground information or root line of all Current Events happenedduring the last one year, because 68 % of the questions in the exam are based on this.In addition to this 9 % of the questions are almost directly from current events.Secondly, go through the previous question papers, because 13 % of the questionsare asked from the same topics covered in the past exams and on an eliminationprocess done on the past 20 years’ papers to avoid repetition of the same questions.Thirdly attend at least 3 mock tests, based on micro analysis of the actual exampattern, because it will enhance your test taking ability by 23% - according to a recentstudy.And the good news is that the All India Test Series offered by JTS Institute gives youall the above in the best possible way.




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Q.1. (b) Explanation : Anorthosite is a kind ofigneous rock that is composed mostly of the mineralplagioclase. Plagioclase is made of relatively lightweightelements like silicon, calcium, and aluminum. As theMoon was forming, it was heated not only fromwithin, but by the continual bombardment of asteroidsand planetary bodies. The Earth has much lessanorthosite than the Moon, although it is found in someof the Earth’s oldest rock formations. When the Earthwas first forming, anorthosite was probably producedthe same way it was on the Moon. The Earth, however,is much bigger, and its crust was more dynamic.Because of plate tectonics, which continually destroyand create the Earth’s surface, most of the anorthositethat existed has probably been processed into theEarth’s interior. The Precambrian Era comprises all ofgeologic time prior to 600 mill ion years ago.(Information Source: Encyclopedia Britannica)

Q.2. (b) Explanation. The United States GeologicalSurvey defines a super volcano as a volcano that haserupted and deposited more than 1000 cubickilometers of material. Scientists at Texas A&M University have discovered anew super volcano that appears to dwarf Yellowstone,any other volcano on Earth, and even any in the solarsystem. The newly identified super volcano is calledTamu Massif, a clever homage to the initials of TexasA&M University and a tribute to its colossal size. Itlies about a thousand miles east of Japan on an oceanicplateau called the Shatsky Rise. Tamu Massif is anextinct submarine shield volcano located in thenorthwestern Pacific Ocean. The possibility of itsnature as a single volcano was announced on 5September 2013, which, if corroborated, would makeTamu Massif the largest known volcanoon Earth. It islocated in the Shatsky Rise about 1,600 km (990 mi)east of Japan. Its summit lies about 1,980 m (6,500 ft)below the surface of the ocean, and its base extendsto a depth of about 6.4 km (4.0 mi). The volcano isabout 4,460 metres (14,620 ft) tall. William Sager,a marine geophysicist from the Department of Earthand Atmospheric Sciences at the University ofHouston, began studying the volcano in about 1993 atthe Texas A&M College of Geosciences. Accordingto Sager and his team, Tamu Massif is “the biggestsingle shield volcano ever discovered on Earth”. While

other igneous features on the planet are larger, such asthe Ontong Java Plateau, it has not yet been determinedif they are indeed just one volcano or rather complexesof several volcanoes.Yellowstone Caldera is an underground super volcanowith the tremendous power to unleash the next IceAge on the planet, in the best case scenario. In theworst case scenario, geologists suggest thatYellowstone’s eruption will cause all the other activevolcanoes on Earth to explode as well and bring aboutthe end of the world.

Q.3 (d) Explanation: Reang or Riang are one of the21 scheduled tribes of the state of Tripura. The correctnomenclature for this ethnic group isactually Bru although the name reang was accidentallyincorporated by the Indian government during a censuscount. The Bru are the second most populous tribeof Tripura after the Tripuris. The Bru can be foundmainly in the North Tripura, Dhalai and the SouthTripura districts of Tripura. However, they may alsobe foundin Mizoram, Assam, Manipur and Bangladesh. Theyspeak the Reang dialect of Kokborok language whichis of Tibeto-Burmeseorigin and is locally referred toas Kau Bru. Like many of the tribes in the north eastof India, the appearance of the Bru is mongoloid.

Q.4. (b) Explanation: Operation Chengiz Khan wasthe code name assigned to the preemptive strikes carriedout by the Pakistani Air Force (PAF) on the forwardairbases and radar installations of the Indian AirForce (IAF) on the evening of 3 December 1971, andmarked the formal initiation of hostilities of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. The Indo-Pakistani War of1971 was the direct mili tary confrontationbetween India and Pakistan during the BangladeshLiberation War in 1971. Indian, Bangladeshi andinternational sources consider the beginning of the warto have been Operation Chengiz Khan, when Pakistanlaunched pre-emptive air strikes on 11 Indian airbaseson 3 December 1971, leading to India’s entry intothe war of independence in East Pakistan on the sideof Bangladeshi nationali st forces, and thecommencement of hostil ities with WestPakistan. Lasting just 13 days, it is considered to beone of the shortest wars in history. (History of India)

Explanatory Answersto the Questions


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Q.5. (c) Explanation: Statement 4 is wrong. Sincethe classical language and literature is distinct from themodern, there can also be a discontinuity between theclassical language and its later forms or its offshoots.Once a language is declared classical, it gets financialassistance for setting up a centre of excellence for thestudy of that language and also opens up an avenuefor two major awards for scholars of eminence.Besides, the University Grants Commission can berequested to create – to begin with at least in CentralUniversities – a certain number of professional chairsfor classical languages for scholars of eminence in thelanguage. (Information Source: Ministry ofCulture)

Q.6. (a)Explanation: The Simla Agreement and theSimla Accord were 2 different incidents. The SimlaAccord was a treaty signed in 1914, which defined theboundary between India and China known as theMcMahon Line. The line is named after Sir HenryMcMahon, foreign secretary of the British-run Government of India and the chief negotiator ofthe convention at Simla. It extends for 550 miles(890 km) from Bhutan in the west to 160 miles(260 km) east of the great bend of the BrahmaputraRiver in the east, largely along the crest ofthe Himalayas.The Simla Agreement was signedbetween India and Pakistan on July 2, 1972 in Simla,the capital city of Himachal Pradesh. It was followedfrom the war in 1971 that also led to the independenceof Bangladesh, which was earlier known as EastPakistan and was part of the territory of Pakistan. Theagreement was ratified by the Parliaments of both thenations in same year. The treaty was signedin Simla, by Indira Gandhi, the Prime Minister of Indiaand Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, the President of Pakistan, Theagreement also paved the way for diplomaticrecognition of Bangladesh by Pakistan.

7. Answer: (c) Explanation: Statement 1 (Article124). Statement 2 is not correct. Neither theConstitution nor the law provides for Chief Justice’srecommendation as to his successor. It is a practicesanctioned by convention. Normally, the Chief Justiceof India is appointed from among the senior mostjudges of the Supreme Court.The method of selection of judges by a collegium ofSupreme Court judges finds no place in theConstitution. The Constitution confers the power ofappointment of judges on the President of India i.e.the Government of India to be made in consultationwith the Chief Justice of India and other judges ofthe Supreme Court and the High Courts. How thendid a collegium of judges of the Supreme Court cometo exist and come to possess this power?The collegium method was created as a result of twojudgments of the Supreme Court, first in 1993(Supreme Court Advocate-on-Record Associationcase) and by a follow-up President’s Reference to theCourt in 1998. With the best of intentions of securingthe independence of the judiciary, the Supreme Courtrewrote the provisions of the Constitution forappointment of judges and appropriated the powerto appoint judges by the judges. By the first case thepower was vested in the Chief Justice of India inwhom it was held the primacy lay in appointmentsassisted by two judges of the Supreme Court. In thesecond case the court took away the primacy of theChief Justice of India and vested the power in acollegium of the Chief Justice of India and four senior-most judges of the Supreme Court.The clear intention of the Constitution makers in theConstituent Assembly debates of not making the ChiefJustice of India the final authority was disregarded.Inversing the constitutional provisions, the Chief Justiceof India and the collegium became the initiator andappointer of judges, and the President of India wasmade only a formal approver in the process. These

Any question however improbable is relevant.

See the Q.4 (Operation Chengiz Khan was.....) and read the information on why thisquestion is relevant for the Prelims 2014.This is a very good example for the relationbetween History and Current Affairs in the UPSC question paper and a best illustrationfor the conclusion that: 58 % of the questions in the Prelims Question Paper are compiledbased on some events happened in the previous year ended one-two months before theexam, at the same time none of these questions are direct questions.The same theory applies to every question in every topic of study under every subject. Beit about whether Sea horses are mammals or about e-waste released into the environmentdue to improper disposal of old and used computers or their parts.Always remember that your examiner will never waste his/her time asking you a questionthat is not relevant. All India Test Series offered by JTS Institute gives you hundreds ofsuch questions with explanatory answers.Click here for details of 10 Full Syllabus Rehearsal Tests (5 each for Paper I & II) thatcontains the Most Expected Questions exclusively set for the Prelims 2014.



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judgments are prime examples of overreaching by theSupreme Court. Indeed, in the second judgment of1998 the Court went to the extent of extracting astatement from the government that it was not seekinga reconsideration of its earlier judgment of 1993, andgovernment would also accept and binding thejudgment it was delivering.The essential features of this judicially created systemof appointments is that the collegium selects judgeson their own assessment of the merits of a personand the government is bound to appoint the selectedperson except in a rare case of the collegium havingoverlooked some aspect of the incumbent not beinga suitable judge. Even here, government’s view can bedisregarded by the collegium by reasserting its choice.The executive has little or no role in the appointmentof judges as a result. (Information Source: TheHindu dated Dec 18, 2009)

Q.8. (c) Explanation: When a trial is conducted by amilitary court it is called court martial. The militarycourts can award punishment to its personnel subjectto military law. Most militaries maintain a court martialsystem to try cases in which a breakdown of militarydiscipline may have occurred. Some countries,however, have no court-martial at the time of peace.This is the case in France and Germany where civilcourts are used instead.In addition, courts-martial maybe used to try prisoners of war for war crimes. TheGeneva Convention requires that POWs who are ontrial for war crimes be subject to the same proceduresas would be the holding army’s own soldiers.Indian Army has four kinds of court martial - GeneralCourt Martial (GCM), District Court Martial (DCM),Summary General Court Martial (SGCM) andSummary Court Martial (SCM). According to theArmy Act, Army courts can try personnel for all kindsof offences except for murder and rape of a civilian,which are tried by a civil court.The Indian Army is still following the system of militaryjustice it inherited from the British. The law in theUnited Kingdom has changed to keep pace with themodern practices of justice. The provisions forsummary courts martial were not introduced into theregular army till the sepoy mutiny of 1857. Thediscipline of the Indian Army had deteriorated beforethe mutiny. After the suppression of the mutiny, it wasfound that the position of insignificance occupied bythe commandant of a regiment was a major reasonfor the indiscipline in the Army. The commandant hadpractically no power to punish or reward his own men.Here, the need of a military court was felt, and thuscreated. This union of power enabled the commandingofficer to convict and sentence a military offender.

Q.9 (d) Explanation: According to the ImmoralTraffic (Prevention) Act, 1956-”Child” means a personwho has not completed the age of sixteen years.Q.10. (a) Explanation: The CSR rules will take effectfrom April 1, as part of the new Companies Act. They

will apply to companies with at least Rs 5 crore netprofit, or Rs.1,000 crore turnover or Rs.500 crore networth. Such companies will need to spend 2 per centof their three-year average annual net profit on CSRactivities in each financial year, beginning the next fiscal,2014-15. For the purpose of deciding the CSRspending eligibility of a company, profit from overseasbranches and dividend received from other companiesin India will be excluded from the net profit criteria.Besides, contributions made ‘directly or indirectly’ toany political party have been excluded from CSR ambit.The CSR policy of a company should also specifythat “surplus arising out of the CSR projects orprogrammes or activities shall not form part of thebusiness profit of a company.’’ A company can alsocarry out CSR works through a registered trust orsociety or a separate company. As per the rules, acompany may also collaborate with other companiesfor CSR activities, provided they have to separatelyreport about spending on such projects programmes.The CSR activities shall be undertaken by the company,as per its stated CSR policy, as projects or programmesor activities (either new or ongoing), excluding activitiesundertaken in pursuance of its normal course ofbusiness.A wide range of activities, including livelihoodenhancement projects and steps for the benefit ofarmed forces veterans have been brought under theCSR ambit. When it comes to having manpower forCSR works, the government has said that companiescan spend only up to 5 per cent of total CSRexpenditure for them in a single financial year. Thiswould be applicable for own personnel as well as thoseof their implementing agencies. Among other activities,livelihood enhancement and rural developmentprojects, promoting preventive health care andsanitation as well as making safe drinking water availablewould be considered as CSR activities. (PTI Report)

Q.11. (a) Explanation: The Chairman of the FinancialStability and Development Council is the FinanceMinister of India and its members include the headsof the financial sector regulatory authorities (i.e, SEBI,IRDA, RBI, PFRDA and FMC) , Finance Secretaryand/or Secretary, Department of Economic Affairs(Ministry of Finance), Secretary, (Department ofFinancial Services, Ministry of Finance) and the ChiefEconomic Adviser. The commodities marketsregulator, Forward Markets Commission (FMC) wasadded to the FSDC in December 2013 subsequent toshifting of administrative jurisdiction of commoditiesmarket regulation from Ministry of consumer Affairsto Ministry of Finance. The Joint Secretary (CapitalMarkets Division, Department of Economic Affairs,Ministry of Finance) was the Secretary of the Counciltill August 2013. Now this post is being held by theAdditional Secretary in the Ministry of Finance.A sub-committee of FSDC has also been set up underthe chairmanship of Governor RBI. The Sub-Committee discusses and decides on a range of issues


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relating to financial sector development and stabilityincluding substantive issues relating to inter-regulatorycoordination.

Q.12 (c) Explanation: Bharatiya Mahila Bank is thefirst of its kind in the Banking Industry in India.

Q.13. (d) Explanation: In 1798, an English clergymannamed Thomas Malthus made a dire prediction: Hesaid the Earth could not indefinitely support an ever-increasing human population. The planet, he said,would check population growth through famine ifhumans didn’t check themselves. The theory publicizedby Malthus is known as the carrying capacity of theEarth. Carrying capacity itself is a well-known andwidely accepted concept in ecology. It’s a very basicidea — sustainability requires balance. There is a certainpopulation number above which a species starts todamage its habitat, and life as it stands at that momentcannot go on. (Thomas Malthus-Man and histheory)

Q.14(a) Explanation: A solar cell (also calleda photovoltaic cell) is an electrical device that convertsthe energy of light directly into electricity by thephotovoltaic effect. It is a form of photoelectric cell (inthat its electrical characteristics—e.g. current, voltage,or resistance—vary when light is incident upon it)which, when exposed to light, can generate and supportan electric current without being attached to anyexternal voltage source, but do require an external loadfor power consumption.

Q.15. (d) Explanation: The Krishna delta is perhapsthe worst off because large dams are preventing almostany of the river’s sediments from reaching it, satelliteimagery and on-ground studies established that theKrishna delta has witnessed a 94 per cent reduction insediment deposition. The Godavari, Brahmani andMahanadi deltas have seen a 40 per cent, 50 percentand 74 per cent reduction, respectively, in sedimentsdelivered to them over the last three decades. Globally,on average, we have built one large dam everyday for130 years. Hundreds of gigatonnes of sediments arestored in these global reservoirs, a recent study says.And India, which started earlier than even the U.S., hasseen a particular proliferation of dams post 1950. Adelta typically should have enough sediment to counterocean energy. But if you stop bringing in sediment,eventually the ocean will win. The Ganga delta,meanwhile, is sinking at 18 mm a year, even as the sealevel rises by 3 mm a year along this coast, spelling atenuous future for the thousands of people who liveand work. Here, groundwater mining has led to asignificant compaction and subsidence of land overthe last 15 years.

Q.16. (a) Explanation: The important thing is thatIndia will not be at the whims and fancies of foreigncountries in national security exigencies after the IRNSS

program becomes operational in about two years.Currently only powers like the US and Russia havetheir navigational satellites fully operational. TheEuropean Union is working on an ambitious projectcalled Galileo which won’t be fully operational before2020.China has its own regional navigation system calledBeidou which it is in the process of expanding. Japanand France too are working to set up their ownnavigation satellites network.India will be only the second developing country afterChina to have a network of navigation satellites whichit will inevitably beef up in subsequent years, well intime before the ten-year lifespan of IRNSS comes toan end.Last, but not the least, India can earn precious foreignexchange by exploiting this technology commerciallyand launching satellites of friendly countries. India hasso far launched 31 satellites for 17 countries.Main features of IRNSS• It will provide a position accuracy of better than 20meters in the primary service area. • IRNSS consists of a space segment and a groundsegment; the space segment comprising seven satellites,with three satellites in geostationary orbit and foursatellites in inclined geosynchronous orbit. • IRNSS satellites would revolve round the earth atthe height of about 36,000 kilometers from the earth’ssurface. • It will be useful in land, sea and air navigation, disastermanagement, vehicle tracking and fleet management,integration with mobile phones, provision of precisetime, mapping, and navigation aid for hikers andtravelers, visual and voice navigation for drivers. • It can track people or vehicles and can be of immenseuse in disaster situations like last year’s flashfloods inUttarakhand. • It will be a boon for the railways for tracking wagons. • A highly accurate Rubidium atomic clock is part ofthe navigation payload of the satellite.(Information compiled from an article by RajeevSharma a New Delhi-based strategic analyst.)

Q.17. (b)Explanation: Japanese encephalitis is a viraldisease that infects animals and humans. It is transmittedby mosquitoes and in humans causes inflammation ofthe membranes around the brain. Intensification andexpansion of irrigated rice production systems in Southand South-East Asia over the past 20 years have hadan important impact on the disease burden caused byJapanese encephalitis. Where irrigation expands intosemi-arid areas, the flooding of the fields at the startof each cropping cycle leads to an explosive build-upof the mosquito population. This may cause thecirculation of the virus to spill over from their usualhosts (birds and pigs) into the human population.The virus causing Japanese encephalitis is transmittedby mosquitoes belonging to the Culex tritaeniorhynchusand Culex vishnui groups, which breed particularly inflooded rice fields. The virus circulates in ardeid birds


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(herons and egrets). Pigs are amplifying hosts, in thatthe virus reproduces in pigs and infects mosquitoesthat take blood meals, but does not cause disease. Thevirus tends to spill over into human populations wheninfected mosquito populations build up explosivelyand the human biting rate increases (these culicines arenormally zoophilic, i.e. they prefer to take blood mealsfrom animals). (compiled from a WHO paper)

Q.18. (b) Explanation: A supernova is the explosionof a star. It is the largest explosion that takes place inspace. Supernovas are often seen in other galaxies. Butsupernovas are difficult to see in our own Milky Waygalaxy because dust blocks our view. In 1604, JohannesKepler discovered the last observed supernova in theMilky Way. NASA’s Chandra telescope discovered theremains of a more recent supernova. It exploded inthe Milky Way more than a hundred years ago. Asupernova happens where there is a change in the core,or center, of a star. A change can occur in two differentways, with both resulting in a supernova. The first typeof supernova happens in binary star systems. Binarystars are two stars that orbit the same point. One ofthe stars, a carbon-oxygen white dwarf, steals matterfrom its companion star. Eventually, the white dwarfaccumulates too much matter. Having too much mattercauses the star to explode, resulting in a supernova.The second type of supernova occurs at the end of asingle star’s lifetime. As the star runs out of nuclearfuel, some of its mass flows into its core. Eventually,the core is so heavy that it cannot withstand its owngravitational force. The core collapses, which resultsin the giant explosion of a supernova. The sun is asingle star, but it does not have enough mass to becomea supernova.

Q.19. (d ) Explanation: Chemical warfare (CW)involves using the toxic properties of chemicalsubstances as weapons. This type of warfare is distinctfrom nuclear warfare and biological warfare, whichtogether make up NBC, the military acronym fornuclear, biological, and chemical (warfare or weapons),all of which are considered “weapons of massdestruction” (WMDs). None of these fall under theterm conventional weapons which are primarilyeffective due to their destructive potential. With properprotective equipment, training, and decontaminationmeasures, the primary effects of chemical weaponscan be overcome. Many nations possessvast stockpiles of weaponized agents in preparationfor wartime use. The threat and the perceived threathave become strategic tools in planning both measuresand counter-measures. Chemical warfare is differentfrom the use of conventional weapons or nuclearweapons because the destructive effects of chemicalweapons are not primarily due to anyexplosive force.The offensive use of living organisms (such as anthrax)is considered biological warfare rather than chemicalwarfare; however, the use of nonliving toxic productsproduced by living organisms (e.g. toxins such

as botulinum toxin, ricin, and saxitoxin) is consideredchemical warfare under the provisions of the ChemicalWeapons Convention(CWC). Under this Convention,any toxic chemical, regardless of its origin, is considereda chemical weapon unless it is used for purposes thatare not prohibited (an important legal definition knownas the General Purpose Criterion). A earliest chemicalweapon wasn’t an esoteric chemical concoction. DuringWorld War I, chlorine gas was used as a chemicalweapon, released in massive clouds by the Germanarmy to cause lung damage and terror downwind ofits release. Modern chemical weapons include thefollowing types of agents:·Choking Agents (e.g., phosgene, chlorine)·Blister Agents (e.g., nitrogen mustard, Lewisite)·Nerve Agents (e.g., Tabun, Sarin, VX)

Q.20 (d) Explanation: Opioids are among theworld’s oldest known drugs; the therapeutic use ofthe opium poppy predates recorded history.The analgesic (painkiller) effects of opioids are due todecreased perception of pain, decreased reaction topain as well as increased pain tolerance. The side effectsof opioids include sedation, respiratorydepression, constipation, and a strong senseof euphoria. Opioids can cause cough suppression,which can be both an indication for opioidadministration or an unintended side effect. Opioiddependencecan develop with ongoing administration,leading to a withdrawal syndrome with abruptdiscontinuation. Opioids are not only well known fortheir addictive properties, but also for their ability toproduce a feeling of euphoria, motivating some touse opioids recreationally.

Q.21(c) Explanation: Scientists have recentlyconfirmed the existence of a new super-heavy element117. A few atoms of this super heavy element emergedwhen calcium-48 ions at high energies impinged on aspecially prepared target of berkelium-249 (Bk).Presently, researchers call the element ununseptium forits 117 protons (20 protons of calcium and 97 fromBk). An atom of element 117 is 40 per cent heavierthan an atom of lead. Element 117 — so-calledbecause it is an atom with 117 protons in its nucleus— was previously one of the missing items on theperiodic table of elements. These super-heavy elements,which include all the elements beyond atomic number104, are not found naturally on Earth, and thus haveto be created synthetically within a laboratory.


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