BENDING MOMENT-Bending moment is the bending force- a load perpendicular to the section being analyzed times the distance to the load.Usually max bending moment refers to the highest bending moment in a structure for a given load condition. The possible bending of a beam are: Sagging-When the beam bends in such a way that it forms concavity downwards its called sagging. Hogging-When the beam bend in such a way that it forms convexity upwards its called hogging.

Moment of inertia of beam section-The Area Moment Of Inertia of a beams cross-sectional area measures the beams ability to resist bending. The larger the Moment of Inertia the less the beam will bend.

The moment of inertia is a geometrical property of a beam and depends on a reference axis. The smallest Moment of Inertia about any axis passes throught the centroid.

The following are the mathematical equations to calculate the Moment of Inertia:

Ixequ. (1)

Iyequ. (2)

y is the distance from thexaxis to an infinetsimal area dA.

x is the distance from theyaxis to an infinetsimal area dA

Youngs modulus also known as thetensile modulusorelastic modulus, is a measure of thestiffnessof anelasticmaterial and is a quantity used to characterize materials. It is defined as the ratio of thestressalong anaxisover thestrainalong that axis in the range of stress in whichHooke's lawholds.[1]Insolid mechanics, the slope of thestress-strain curveat any point is called thetangent modulus. The tangent modulus of the initial, linear portion of a stress-strain curve is calledYoung's modulus.Its denoted by E.Its given by

Flexural strength, also known asmodulus of rupture,bend strength, orfracture strength,[dubiousdiscuss]a mechanical parameter for brittle material, is defined as a material's ability to resist deformation under load. The transverse bending test is most frequently employed, in which a rod specimen having either a circular or rectangular cross-section is bent until fracture using athree point flexural testtechnique. The flexural strength represents the highest stress experienced within the material at its moment of rupture. It is measured in terms of stress, here given the symbol .When an object formed of a single material, like a wooden beam or a steel rod, is bent (Fig. 1), it experiences a range of stresses across its depth (Fig. 2). At the edge of the object on the inside of the bend (concave face) the stress will be at its maximum compressive stress value. At the outside of the bend (convex face) the stress will be at its maximum tensile value. These inner and outer edges of the beam or rod are known as the 'extreme fibers'. Most materials fail under tensile stress before they fail under compressive stress, so the maximum tensile stress value that can be sustained before the beam or rod fails is its flexural strength.

*Thethree point bendingflexuraltestprovides values for themodulus of elasticityin bending,flexural stress, flexural strainand the flexural stress-strain response of the material. The main advantage of a three point flexural test is the ease of the specimen preparation and testing. However, this method has also some disadvantages: the results of the testing method are sensitive to specimen and loading geometry and strain rate.