mosby items and derived items © 2006 by mosby, inc. slide 1 chapter 5 vitamins

Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 1

Chapter 5Chapter 5Vitamins


Key ConceptKey Concept

• Vitamins are noncaloric essential nutrients that are necessary in very small amounts for specific metabolic control and disease prevention.

• Certain heath problems are related to in adequate or excessive vitamins intake.

• vitamins regulate body metabolism


VitaminsVitamins

• Nature of vitamins Discovery 1900 • Early observations

• Early animal experiments(Cont'd…)


DefinitionDefinition

• It is a vital , organic , dietary substances that is not carbohydrates or fats or proteins or minerals and it is necessary in only small amounts to perform metabolic functions or to prevent the diseases.

• The body can not synthesized, therefore it must be supplied by the diet.


Classes of vitaminsClasses of vitamins

1- Fat-soluble vitamins: A, D, E, K

2- Water-soluble vitamins: C, B


Functions of vitaminsFunctions of vitamins

1- Metabolic control agent

2- Tissue structure

3- Prevention of deficiency diseases


Key ConceptsKey Concepts

• Certain health problems are related to inadequate or excessive vitamin intake.

• Vitamins occur in a wide variety of foods that are packaged with the energy- and tissue-building macronutrients (e.g., carbohydrate, fat, and protein) on which vitamins work as specific catalysts to regulate body metabolism.


Fat-Soluble VitaminsFat-Soluble VitaminsVitamin A (Retinol)Vitamin A (Retinol)

• Functions Vision Tissue strength and immunity Growth

• Requirements Food forms and units of measure Body storage

• Toxicity symptoms


Vitamin A (Retinol)Vitamin A (Retinol)

• Deficiency disease:

BLINDNESS, itching and red lids, …



• Food sources:

• fish-liver oil, livers, Spanish, carrot, mango, apricots



• Stability:

Retinol is unstable in heat and in contact with air .


Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol) Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol)

• Functions Absorption of calcium and phosphorus Bone mineralization

• Requirements


• Stability


Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol)Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol)

• Deficiency disease: • * rickets : malformation of skeletal tissues .

• * osteoporosis



• Food sources:

Yeast“الخميرة “ , fish-liver oil



• Stability:

Retinol is stable in heat and in contact with air .


Vitamin E (Tocopherol)Vitamin E (Tocopherol)

• Functions Antioxidant function Relation to metabolism

• Requirements


• Stability




Hemolytic anemia in children

Myelin disruption “ nerve in active”



• Food sources:

Oils and nuts …


Vitamin K Vitamin K

• Functions Blood clotting Bone development

• Requirements


• Food sources

• Stability


Vitamin KVitamin K


Hemorrhage

Poor wound healing

Infections


Vitamin KVitamin K

• Food sources:

Leafy vegetables

Animals liver

Corn oil


Water-Soluble VitaminsWater-Soluble Vitamins B & C B & C

• Certain health problems are related to inadequate or excessive vitamin intake.

• Vitamins occur in a wide variety of foods that are packaged with the energy- and tissue-building macronutrients (e.g., carbohydrate, fat, and protein) on which vitamins work as specific catalysts to regulate body metabolism.


Water-Soluble VitaminsWater-Soluble Vitamins Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)

• Functions Connective tissue General body metabolism Antioxidant function Immunologic activity

• Requirements

• Deficiency disease


• Food sources

• Stability


Deficiency diseaseDeficiency disease

• Tissue bleeding.

• Easy bone fractures

• Boor wounds healing

• Bleeding gums

• Loosen teeth


Food sourcesFood sources

• Citrus fruits like lime, orange

• Tomatoes.

• Cabbage.

• Leafy vegetables


Vitamin CVitamin C

• Stability:

Vitamin C is unstable in heat and in contact with air .


Vitamin BVitamin B1” thiamin”1” thiamin”

• Functions Gastrointestinal system:

Poor appetite , indigestion, constipation Nervous system

Fatigue, irritability, low energy Cardiovascular system

Low muscle functions , fluid accumulations



• Food sources

• Stability


Deficiency diseaseDeficiency disease

• Loss of energy control: paralysis

• Mental alertness and coordination diseases


Food sourcesFood sources

• Beef

• Livers.

• Grains

• Fish

• Eggs


Riboflavin (Vitamin BRiboflavin (Vitamin B22) )

• Functions

Tissue building, energy production



• Food sources

• Stability


Deficiency disease B2Deficiency disease B2

• SWOLLEN red tongue

• Eye burning

• Itching

• Poor wounds healing


Food sources B2Food sources B2

• Milk

• Grains

• Fish

• Liver


Folate Folate

• Functions: folic acid < hemoglobin

• Requirements: extra during pregnancy

• Deficiency disease : anemia

• Food sources: liver , leafy vegetables


Cobalamin (Vitamin BCobalamin (Vitamin B1212))

• Functions: normal blood cell formation , nervous system functions

• Requirements: extra during old ages

• Deficiency disease: anemia , lazy, sore mouth

• Food sources: beef & chicken liver ..

• B12 synthesized by bacteria in GI system


Note Note

• Vitamin supplementation needs are individual and specific.


Vitamin Supplementation Vitamin Supplementation

• Supplement and health maintenance

• Individuality is important Life cycle needs• Pregnancy and lactation

• Infancy

• Children and adolescents

• Aging

(Cont'd…)


Vitamin SupplementationVitamin Supplementation(…Cont’d)

Lifestyle• Oral contraceptive use

• Restricted diets

• Exercise programs

• Smoking

• Alcohol

• Caffeine Disease(Cont'd…)

mosby items and derived items © 2006 by mosby, inc. slide 1 chapter 5 vitamins

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