morphees: toward high "shape resolution" in self-actuated flexible mobile devices
TRANSCRIPT
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Anne Roudaut!Abhijit Karnik!
Markus Löchtefeld!Sriram Subramanian!
[email protected]!www.anneroudaut.fr !
Morphees!Toward High "Shape Resolution" in Self-
Actuated Flexible Mobile Devices!
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“what is my function?”
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“don’t know but I’d probably!place my thumb like that”
“what is my function?”
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“thumb stone: place your thumb and play”
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affordance::
the quality of an object to tell us how it wants!to be used and to help us using it!
Norman, Gibson!
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affordance is everywhere!
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“push” “pull”
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“sit”
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“fall in the center”
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“roll that thing…”
“… here you are, just in place to press this
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“pull and peel”
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“share”
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“… use me like a weapon?”
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shape guides functionality everywhere!
or prevents!
but one object resists
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our mobile devices are ”affordless”!
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1000 apps for only one “universal” shape!
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1000 apps for only one “universal” shape!but cost in learning, lack of precision etc. !
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form factor must fit functionalities !to make mobile devices “affordmore”!
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the concept of Morphees!
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interactive devices: no longer rectangular and flat but rather!
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devices with arbitrary shapes!
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and that shape-shift on their own!
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e.g. you download a game app and !the device shifts into a console!
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create high-resolution Morphees!
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we explored 6 building strategies!
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sewn Shape Memory Alloy wires that shrink when !a voltage is applied!
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Shape Memory Alloy
SMAs that return to a shape that is memorized during a !heating process (e.g. using blowtorch)!
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still low resolution …!
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create high-resolution Morphees!
what does it mean?!
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there is a metric for the display resolution (size, !refresh rate, color etc.) !
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which screens is higher resolution?!
A B
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which screens is higher resolution?!
A B
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which shape-changing screen is higher resolution?!
C D
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which shape-changing screen is higher resolution?!
C D
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we introduce and define "the term shape resolution!
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F
Strength (Newton)
F
Granularity (cp/cm2)
Porosity (%)
Curvature (rad)
Amplitude (cm)
Closure (%)
Zero-crossing (enum) 1
2 3 4 5
Speed (Second)
Area (cm2)
Stretchability (%)
tuple of 10 features!
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F
Strength (Newton)
F
Granularity (cp/cm2)
Porosity (%)
Curvature (rad)
Amplitude (cm)
Closure (%)
Zero-crossing (enum) 1
2 3 4 5
Speed (Second)
Area (cm2)
Stretchability (%)
# display size!
tuple of 10 features!
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F
Strength (Newton)
F
Granularity (cp/cm2)
Porosity (%)
Curvature (rad)
Amplitude (cm)
Closure (%)
Zero-crossing (enum) 1
2 3 4 5
Speed (Second)
Area (cm2)
Stretchability (%)
# number of pixels!
tuple of 10 features!
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F
Strength (Newton)
F
Granularity (cp/cm2)
Porosity (%)
Curvature (rad)
Amplitude (cm)
Closure (%)
Zero-crossing (enum) 1
2 3 4 5
Speed (Second)
tuple of 10 features!
Area (cm2)
Stretchability (%)
# bit per pixel!
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F
Strength (Newton)
F
Granularity (cp/cm2)
Porosity (%)
Curvature (rad)
Amplitude (cm)
Closure (%)
Zero-crossing (enum) 1
2 3 4 5
Speed (Second)
Area (cm2)
Stretchability (%)
# refresh rate!
tuple of 10 features!
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F
Strength (Newton)
F
Granularity (cp/cm2)
Porosity (%)
Curvature (rad)
Amplitude (cm)
Closure (%)
Zero-crossing (enum) 1
2 3 4 5
Speed (Second)
tuple of 10 features!
Area (cm2)
Stretchability (%)
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F
Strength (Newton)
F
Granularity (cp/cm2)
Porosity (%)
Curvature (rad)
Amplitude (cm)
Closure (%)
Zero-crossing (enum) 1
2 3 4 5
Speed (Second)
Area (cm2)
Stretchability (%)
tuple of 10 features!
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F
Strength (Newton)
F
Granularity (cp/cm2)
Porosity (%)
Curvature (rad)
Amplitude (cm)
Closure (%)
Zero-crossing (enum) 1
2 3 4 5
Speed (Second)
tuple of 10 features!
Area (cm2)
Stretchability (%)
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we also define what high-resolution means!
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F
Strength (Newton)
F
Granularity (cp/cm2)
Porosity (%)
Curvature (rad)
Amplitude (cm)
Closure (%)
Zero-crossing (enum) 1
2 3 4 5
Speed (Second)
Area (cm2)
Stretchability (%)
maximizing the range each feature!
[ … ] [ … ] [ … ] [ … ]
[ … ] [ … ] [ … ] [ … ]
[ … ] [ … ]
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which shape-changing screen is higher resolution?!
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which shape-changing screen is higher resolution?!
Curvature (rad)
Zero-crossing (enum)
1 2
3 4 5
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origin of our ten features!
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they are based on NURBs*!
* Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines
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NURBs is a geometrical model based on splines!
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control points
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control points
weights
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control points
weights
degree (e.g. quadratic)
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control points
weights
degree (e.g. quadratic)
knot vector
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control points
weights
degree
knot vector
NURBs shape resolution
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Zero-crossing (enum)
1
2
3 4
5
control points
weights
degree (e.g. quadratic)
knot vector
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Curvature (rad)
control points
weights
degree (e.g. quadratic)
knot vector
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give a uniform metric that can be easily embedded !into modeling software widely by designers !
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the story behind NURBs!
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usually used in virtual world but … !
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from draftsmen in the!boat industry !
has roots in the physical word !
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spline
duck
splines and control points are originally physical !objects!
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• !"#$%&'()#*+,-#.#*/01$2(#3%/$#4%5#%3#,+/&2#.#4%5#%3#,+/&2#6#7')7#/28%4+9%(#::;#572#$%/2#*2)/288#%3#,%(5/%4#"%+#70&2#%(#,<;#572#$%/2#870<2#"%+#044%=#.#57'8#'8#7%=#=2#*2>(2*#7')7?/28%4+9%(#
using NURBs for describe shape-changing devices !to reconnect this model with its origin !
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take away!
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a new standard and metric to compare shapes in devices"
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Microsoft Sphere
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Nokia flexible screen
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Tactus morphing keyboard (CES13)
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F
Strength (Newton)
F
Granularity (cp/cm2)
Porosity (%)
Curvature (rad)
Amplitude (cm)
Closure (%)
Zero-crossing (enum) 1
2 3 4 5
Speed (Second)
Area (cm2)
Stretchability (%)
tuple of 10 features!
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Morphees: download a game app and !the device shifts into a console!
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“transformers”!
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form factor must fit functionalities !to make mobile devices “affordmore”!
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Anne Roudaut!Abhijit Karnik!
Markus Löchtefeld!Sriram Subramanian!
[email protected]!www.anneroudaut.fr !
Morphees!Toward High "Shape Resolution" in Self-
Actuated Flexible Mobile Devices!